Wikipedia

Island, region, and prefecture of Japan
For the frump engender, see Hokkaido ( dog ) prefecture in Hokkaidō, Japan
Hokkaidō ( japanese : 北海道, Hepburn : Hokkaidō, literally “ Northern Sea Circuit “ or “ Northern Sea Region “, pronounced [ hokkaidoː ] ), formally Hokkaidō Circuit Prefecture, is the second largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture. [ 1 ] The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu ; the two islands are connected by the submarine railway Seikan Tunnel.

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The largest city on Hokkaidō is its capital, Sapporo, which is besides its alone ordinance-designated city. Sakhalin lies about 43 kilometers ( 26 secret intelligence service ) to the north of Hokkaidō, and to the east and northeast are the Kuril Islands, which are administered by Russia, though the four most southerly are claimed by Japan. Hokkaidō was once known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso. [ 2 ]

etymology [edit ]

When establishing the Development Commission, the Meiji politics decided to change the name of Ezochi. Matsuura Takeshirō submitted six proposals, including names such as Kaihokudō ( 海北道 ) and Hokkaidō ( 北加伊道 ), to the politics. The government finally decided to use the name Hokkaidō, but decided to write it as 北海道, as a compromise between 海北道 and 北加伊道 because of the similarity with names such as Tōkaidō ( 東海道 ). According to Matsuura, the diagnose was thought astir because the Ainu called the region Kai. The kai component besides powerfully resembles the On’yomi, or Sino-Japanese, read of the characters 蝦夷 ( on’yomi as [ ka.i, カイ ], kun’yomi as [ e.mi.ɕi, えみし ] ) which have been used for over a thousand years in China and Japan as the standard orthographic form to be used when referring to Ainu and relate peoples ; it is possible that Matsuura ‘s kai was actually an revision, influenced by the Sino-Japanese read of 蝦夷 Ka-i, of the Nivkh exonym for the Ainu, namely Qoy or IPA : [ kʰuɣɪ ]. [ 3 ] There is no know established Ainu lyric word for the island of Hokkaidō. however, the Ainu people did have a identify for all of their sphere, which included Hokkaidō along with the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, and parts of northern Honshu, which was Aynu Mosir ( アィヌ・モシリ ), a name taken by the modern Ainu to refer to their traditional fatherland. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] “ Ainu Mosir ” literally translates as “ The Land Where People ( the Ainu ) Live ”, and it was traditionally used to be contrasted with Kamuy Mosir, “ The Land of the Kamuy ( spirits ) ”. [ 9 ] In 1947, Hokkaidō became a full-fledged prefecture, but the -ken suffix was never added to its name, so the -dō suffix came to be understand to mean “ prefecture ”. “ Hokkai-do-ken ” ( literally “ North Sea Province Prefecture ” ) is, therefore, technically speaking, a excess term, although it is occasionally used to differentiate the government from the island. The prefecture ‘s politics calls itself the “ Hokkaidō Government ” quite than the “ Hokkaidō prefectural Government ” .

history [edit ]

early history [edit ]

Historical populationYearPop.±% p.a.172115,615— 175021,807+1.16%178626,310+0.52%179828,711+0.73%182261,948+3.26%183467,862+0.76%184670,887+0.36%1873123,668+2.08%1890414,430+7.37%19031,089,503+7.72%19202,359,183+4.65%19302,812,335+1.77%19403,272,718+1.53%19504,295,567+2.76%19605,039,206+1.61%19705,184,287+0.28%19805,575,989+0.73%19905,643,647+0.12%20005,683,062+0.07%20105,506,419−0.32%20205,281,297−0.42%source:[10][11][ circular character] During the Jomon period the local anesthetic polish and the associated hunter-gatherer life style flourished in Hokkaidō, beginning over 15,000 years ago. In contrast to the island of Honshu, Hokkaidō saw an absence of conflict during this time menstruation. Jomon belief in natural spirits are theorized to be the origins of Ainu spirituality. About 2,000 years ago, the island was colonized by Yayoi people, and much of the island ‘s population shifted away from hunting and gathering towards department of agriculture. [ 12 ] The Nihon Shoki, finished in 720 AD, is frequently said to be the first gear mention of Hokkaidō in read history. According to the text, Abe no Hirafu [ 13 ] led a large united states navy and united states army to northern areas from 658 to 660 and came into contact with the Mishihase and Emishi. One of the places Hirafu went to was called Watarishima ( 渡島 ), which is much believed to be contemporary Hokkaidō. however, many theories exist concerning the details of this consequence, including the location of Watarishima and the common impression that the Emishi in Watarishima were the ancestors of the contemporary Ainu people. During the Nara and Heian periods ( 710–1185 ), people in Hokkaidō conducted craft with Dewa Province, an frontier settlement of the japanese central government. From the Middle Ages, the people in Hokkaidō began to be called Ezo. Hokkaidō subsequently became known as Ezochi ( 蝦夷地, fall. “ Ezo-land ” ) [ 14 ] or Ezogashima ( 蝦夷ヶ島, unhorse. “ Island of the Ezo ” ). The Ezo chiefly relied upon hunt and fishing and obtained rice and iron through trade with the Japanese .

Feudal Japan [edit ]

cf. omusha) Palace reception near Hakodate in 1751. Ainu bringing gifts ( During the Muromachi time period ( 1336–1573 ), the Japanese created a settlement at the south of the Oshima Peninsula, with a series of fortified residences such as that of Shinoridate. As more people moved to the settlement to avoid battles, disputes arose between the Japanese and the Ainu. The disputes finally developed into war. Takeda Nobuhiro killed the Ainu drawing card, Koshamain, [ 13 ] and defeated the opposition in 1457. Nobuhiro ‘s descendants became the rulers of the Matsumae-han, which was granted exclusive trade rights with the Ainu in the Azuchi-Momoyama and Edo periods ( 1568–1868 ). The Matsumae family ‘s economy relied upon trade wind with the Ainu. They held authority over the south of Ezochi until the end of the Edo menstruation .
The samurai and the Ainu, c. 1775 The Matsumae kin dominion over the Ainu must be understood in the context of the expansion of the japanese feudal state. chivalric military leaders in northerly Honshu ( x. Northern Fujiwara, Akita kin ) maintained only flimsy political and cultural ties to the imperial motor hotel and its proxies, the Kamakura dictatorship and Ashikaga dictatorship. Feudal strongmen sometimes located themselves within medieval institutional order, taking dictatorship titles, while in other times they assumed titles that seemed to give them a non-Japanese identity. In fact, many of the feudal strongmen were descended from Emishi military leaders who had been assimilated into japanese society. [ 15 ] The Matsumae kin were of Yamato descent like other heathen japanese people, whereas the Emishi of northern Honshu were a classifiable group related to the Ainu. The Emishi were conquered and integrated into the japanese state of matter dating back angstrom army for the liberation of rwanda as the eighth hundred and as leave began to lose their distinctive polish and ethnicity as they became minorities. By the time the Matsumae kin ruled over the Ainu, most of the Emishi were ethnically desegregate and physically closer to japanese than they were to Ainu. From this, the “ transformation ” theory postulates that native Jōmon peoples changed gradually with the infusion of Yayoi immigrants into the Tōhoku, in contrast to the “ replacement ” theory that posits the Jōmon was replaced by the Yayoi. [ 16 ]
There were numerous revolts by the Ainu against the feudal rule. The last large-scale resistance was Shakushain ‘s rebellion in 1669–1672. In 1789, a smaller campaign known as the Menashi–Kunashir rebellion was crushed. After that rebellion, the terms “ japanese ” and “ Ainu ” referred to clearly distinguished groups, and the Matsumae were unambiguously japanese. After the arrival of Adam Laxman in 1799–1821 and 1855–1858, the Tokugawa dictatorship took direct control over Hokkaidō in reply to a perceived menace from Russia. Leading up to the Meiji Restoration, the Tokugawa dictatorship realized there was a need to prepare northerly defenses against a potential russian invasion and took over control of most of Ezochi. The dictatorship made the pledge of the Ainu slightly easier but did not change the overall shape of rule. [ 17 ]

Meiji Restoration [edit ]

Hokkaidō was known as Ezochi until the Meiji Restoration. soon after the Boshin War in 1868, a group of Tokugawa loyalists led by Enomoto Takeaki temporarily occupied the island ( the polity is normally but mistakenly known as the Republic of Ezo ), but the rebellion was crushed in May 1869. Ezochi was subsequently put under dominance of Hakodate-fu ( 箱館府 ), Hakodate Prefectural Government. When establishing the Development Commission ( 開拓使, Kaitakushi ), the Meiji government introduced a new name. After 1869, the northerly japanese island was known as Hokkaidō ; [ 2 ] and regional subdivisions were established, including the provinces of Oshima, Shiribeshi, Iburi, Ishikari, Teshio, Kitami, Hidaka, Tokachi, Kushiro, Nemuro and Chishima. [ 18 ]
The primary purpose of the Development Commission was to secure Hokkaidō before the Russians extended their operate of the Far East beyond Vladivostok. Kuroda Kiyotaka was put in charge of the guess. His beginning measure was to journey to the United States and recruit Horace Capron, President Ulysses S. Grant ‘s commissioner of farming. From 1871 to 1873 Capron bent his efforts to expounding westerly department of agriculture and mining with mix results. Capron, frustrated with obstacles to his efforts returned home plate in 1875. In 1876, William S. Clark arrived to found an agricultural college in Sapporo. Although he only remained a year, Clark left a survive impression on Hokkaidō, inspiring the japanese with his teachings on agriculture equally well as Christianity. [ 19 ] His separate words, “Boys, be ambitious!”, can be found on public buildings in Hokkaidō to this day. The population of Hokkaidō boomed from 58,000 to 240,000 during that decade. [ 20 ] In 1882, the Development Commission was abolished. fare on the island was developing, so the prefecture was split into several “ sub-prefectures ” ( 支庁 shichō ), namely Hakodate Prefecture ( 函館県, Hakodate-ken ), Sapporo Prefecture ( 札幌県, Sapporo-ken ), and Nemuro Prefecture ( 根室県, Nemuro-ken ), that could fulfill administrative duties of the prefectural politics and keep mean command over the developing island. In 1886, the three prefectures were demoted, and Hokkaidō was put under the Hokkaidō Agency ( 北海道庁, Hokkaidō-chō ). These sub-prefectures still exist nowadays, although they have much less world power than they possessed before and during World War II ; they now exist primarily to handle paperwork and other bureaucratic functions .

World War II [edit ]

In mid-july 1945, diverse ship ports, cities, and military facilities in Hokkaidō were attacked by the United States Navy ‘s Task Force 38. On 14–15 July, aircraft operate from the task force ‘s aircraft carriers sank and damaged a big count of ships in ports along Hokkaidō ‘s southern coastline arsenic well as in northerly Honshu. In addition, on 15 July a force of three battleships and two idle cruisers bombarded the city of Muroran. [ 21 ] Before the japanese giving up was formalized, the Soviet Union made preparations for an invasion of Hokkaidō, but U.S. President Harry Truman made it clear that the giving up of all of the Japanese home islands would be carried out by General Douglas MacArthur per the 1943 Cairo Declaration. [ 22 ]

portray [edit ]

Hokkaidō became adequate with other prefectures in 1947, when the revised Local Autonomy Law became effective. The japanese central government established the Hokkaidō Development Agency ( 北海道開発庁, Hokkaidō Kaihatsuchō ) as an representation of the Prime Minister ‘s Office in 1949 to maintain its executive baron in Hokkaidō. The agency was absorbed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2001. The Hokkaidō Bureau ( 北海道局, Hokkaidō-kyoku ) and the Hokkaidō Regional Development Bureau ( 北海道開発局, Hokkaidō Kaihatsukyoku ) of the ministry still have a strong charm on public construction projects in Hokkaidō .

geography [edit ]

Geofeatures map of Hokkaido Satellite prototype of Hokkaido The Oyashio Current colliding with the Kuroshio Current off the coast of Hokkaido. When two currents collide, they create eddies Phytoplankton growing in the surface waters become concentrate along the boundaries of these eddies, tracing out the motions of the water. The island of Hokkaidō is located in the north of Japan, dear Russia ( Sakhalin Oblast ). It has coastlines on the Sea of Japan ( to the west of the island ), the Sea of Okhotsk ( to the north ), and the Pacific Ocean ( to the east ). The center of the island is cragged, with volcanic tableland. Hokkaidō has multiple plains such as the Ishikari Plain 3,800 km2 ( 1,500 sq security service ), Tokachi Plain 3,600 km2 ( 1,400 sq mile ), the Kushiro Plain 2,510 km2 ( 970 sq myocardial infarction ) ( the largest wetland in Japan ) and Sarobetsu Plain 200 km2 ( 77 sq nautical mile ). Hokkaidō is 83,423.84 km2 ( 32,210.12 sq michigan ) which make it the second-largest island of Japan. The Tsugaru Strait separates Hokkaidō from Honshu ( Aomori Prefecture ) ; [ 2 ] La Pérouse Strait separates Hokkaidō from the island of Sakhalin in Russia ; Nemuro Strait separates Hokkaidō from Kunashir Island in the russian Kuril Islands. The governmental legal power of Hokkaidō incorporates respective smaller islands, including Rishiri, Okushiri Island, and Rebun. ( By japanese think, Hokkaidō besides incorporates several of the Kuril Islands. ) Hokkaidō Prefecture is the largest and northernmost japanese prefecture. The island ranks 21st in the earth by area .

population [edit ]

Hokkaidō has the third-largest population of Japan ‘s five main islands, with 5,383,579 people as of 2015. [ 1 ] [ 23 ] It has the lowest population-density in Japan with just 64.5/km2 ( 160/sq secret intelligence service ) ( 2016 ). By population it ranks 20th globally. major cities include Sapporo and Asahikawa in the central region and the port of Hakodate facing Honshu in the south. Sapporo is the largest city of Hokkaidō and 5th-largest in Japan. It had a population of 1,957,914 as of 31 May 2019 and a population density of 1,746/km2 ( 4,520/sq michigan ) .

City(-shi)

Inhabitants
September 30, 2016

Sapporo

1,957,914

Asahikawa

343,393

Hakodate

266,192

Kushiro

174,938

Tomakomai

173,226

Obihiro

168,258

Otaru

121,269

Kitami

120,189

Ebetsu

119,247

Muroran

87,498

Iwamizawa

84,127

Chitose

96,372

Eniwa

69,215

Flora and fauna [edit ]

There are three populations of the Ussuri embrown bear found on the island. There are more brown bears in Hokkaidō than anywhere else in Asia besides Russia. The Hokkaidō brown digest is separated into three discrete lineages. There are only eight lineages in the global. [ 24 ] Those on Honshu died out long ago. The native conifer species in northern Hokkaidō is the Abies sachalinensis ( sakhalin fir ) [ 25 ] The hydrangea hirta species is besides located on the island .

Geologic activity [edit ]

Like many areas of Japan, Hokkaidō is seismically active agent. aside from numerous earthquakes, the succeed volcanoes are considered still active agent ( at least one volcanic eruption since 1850 ) :
In 1993, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 generated a tsunami which devastated Okushiri, killing 202 inhabitants. An earthquake of magnitude 8.3 strike near the island on September 26, 2003. On September 6, 2018, an earthquake of order of magnitude 6.6 strike with its epicenter near the city of Tomakomai, causing a blackout across the unharmed island. [ 27 ] On May 16, 2021, an earthquake measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale struck off Japan ‘s Hokkaidō prefecture. [ 28 ]

Parks [edit ]

* designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 2005-07-14 .

Subprefectures [edit ]

Map of Hokkaido showing the subprefectures and the primary coil cities

1
a
2
3
b
4
c
5
d
6
7
8
9
e
(disputed)
(disputed)
Subprefecture

Japanese

Main City

Largest Municipality

Pop.
(2009)

Area
(km2)

Municipalities

Sorachi

空知総合振興局

Iwamizawa

338,485

5,791.19

10 cities
14 towns

↳ Ishikari

石狩振興局

Sapporo

2,324,878

3,539.86

6 cities
1 town
1 village

Shiribeshi

後志総合振興局

Kutchan
Otaru

234,984

4,305.83

1 city
13 towns
6 villages

Iburi

胆振総合振興局

Muroran
Tomakomai

419,115

3,698.00

4 cities
7 towns

↳ Hidaka

日高振興局

Urakawa
Shinhidaka

76,084

4,811.97

7 towns

Oshima

渡島総合振興局

Hakodate

433,475

3,936.46

2 cities
9 towns

↳ Hiyama

檜山振興局

Esashi
Setana

43,210

2,629.94

7 towns

Kamikawa

上川総合振興局

Asahikawa

527,575

10,619.20

4 cities
17 towns
2 villages

↳ Rumoi

留萌振興局

Rumoi

53,916

3,445.75

1 city
6 towns
1 village

Sōya

宗谷総合振興局

Wakkanai

71,423

4,625.09

1 city
8 towns
1 village

Okhotsk

オホーツク総合振興局

Abashiri
Kitami

309,487

10,690.62

3 cities
14 towns
1 village

Tokachi

十勝総合振興局

Obihiro

353,291

10,831.24

1 city
16 towns
2 villages

Kushiro

釧路総合振興局

Kushiro

252,571

5,997.38

1 city
6 towns
1 village

↳ Nemuro

根室振興局

Nemuro

84,035

3,406.23

1 city
4 towns
*

* Japan claims the southern part of Kuril Islands (Northern Territories), currently administered by Russia,
belong to Nemuro Subprefecture divided into six villages. However, the table above excludes these islands’ data.

As of April 2010, Hokkaidō has 9 General Subprefectural Bureaus ( 総合振興局 ) and 5 Subprefectural Bureaus ( 振興局 ). Hokkaidō is one of eight prefectures in Japan that have subprefectures ( 支庁 shichō ). however, it is the alone one of the eight to have such offices covering the whole of its territory outside the main cities ( rather than having them just for outlying islands or remote areas ). This is largely because of its great size ; many parts of the prefecture are simply besides far away to be effectively administered by Sapporo. Subprefectural offices in Hokkaidō carry out many of the duties that prefectural offices fulfill elsewhere in Japan .

Municipalities [edit ]

Hokkaidō is divided into 179 municipalities .

Government Ordinance Designated City

City

Town

village Map of Hokkaido as seen by municipalities

Cities [edit ]

There are 35 cities in Hokkaidō :

Towns and villages [edit ]

These are the towns and villages in Hokkaido prefecture :

climate [edit ]

Satellite picture of Hokkaidō in winter As Japan ‘s coldest region, Hokkaidō has relatively cool summers and icy/snowy winters. Most of the island falls in the humid continental climate partition with Köppen climate classification Dfb ( hemiboreal ) in most areas but Dfa ( hot summer humid continental ) in some inland lowlands. The average August temperature ranges from 17 to 22 °C ( 62.6 to 71.6 °F ), while the modal January temperature ranges from −12 to −4 °C ( 10.4 to 24.8 °F ), in both cases depending on aggrandizement and distance from the ocean, though temperatures on the western slope of the island tend to be a small warmer than on the eastern. The highest temperature always recorded is 39.5 °C ( 103.1 °F ) on 26 May 2019. [ 31 ] The northern part of Hokkaidō falls into the taiga biome [ 32 ] with significant snow. Snowfall varies wide from a much as 11 metres ( 400 in ) on the mountains adjacent to the Sea of Japan down to around 1.8 metres ( 71 in ) on the Pacific coast. The island tends to have isolated snowstorms that develop durable snowbanks. entire precipitation varies from 1,600 millimetres ( 63 in ) on the mountains of the Sea of Japan coast to around 800 millimetres ( 31 in ) ( the lowest in Japan ) on the Sea of Okhotsk slide and inner lowlands and up to around 1,100 millimetres ( 43 in ) on the Pacific side. The broadly high quality of powder snow and numerous mountains in Hokkaidō make it a popular region for snow sports. The snow normally commences in businesslike in November and ski resorts ( such as those at Niseko, Furano, Teine and Rusutsu ) normally operate between December and April. Hokkaidō celebrates its winter upwind at the Sapporo Snow Festival. During the winter, passage through the Sea of Okhotsk is frequently complicated by big floes of stray ice. Combined with high winds that occur during winter, this frequently brings publicize travel and nautical action to a halt beyond the northern coast of Hokkaidō. Ports on the assailable Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan are generally ice-free year round, though most rivers freeze during the winter. Unlike the other major islands of Japan, Hokkaidō is normally not affected by the June–July showery season and the relative miss of humidity and typically warm, rather than hot, summer weather makes its climate an attraction for tourists from other parts of Japan .

major cities and towns [edit ]

Sapporo, Hokkaidō ‘s largest city. Hokkaidō ‘s largest city is the capital, Sapporo, which is a delegate city. The island has two core cities : Hakodate in the south and Asahikawa in the central region. other important population centers include Rumoi, Iwamizawa, Kushiro, Obihiro, Kitami, Abashiri, Wakkanai, and Nemuro .

gallery [edit ]

economy [edit ]

boastfully farm of Tokachi plain Although there is some light diligence ( most notably newspaper mill and beer brewing ) most of the population is employed by the service sector. In 2001, the service sector and other tertiary industries generated more than three-quarters of the gross domestic product. [ 33 ] farming and other elementary industries play a large function in Hokkaidō ‘s economy. Hokkaidō has closely one fourth of Japan ‘s full arable country. It ranks beginning in the nation in the output of a host of agricultural products, including wheat, soybeans, potatoes, sugar beets, onions, pumpkins, corn whiskey, crude milk, and beef. Hokkaidō besides accounts for 22 % of Japan ‘s forests with a goodly lumber industry. The prefecture is first in the state in production of marine products and aquaculture. [ 33 ] The median farm size in Hokkaidō is 26 hectares per farmer in 2013, which is about 11 times bigger than the national average of 2.4 hectares. [ 34 ]
tourism is an important diligence, specially during the cool summer when visitors are attracted to Hokkaidō ‘s open spaces from hot and more humid parts of Japan and other asian countries. During the winter, ski and other winter sports bring other tourists, and increasingly external ones, to the island. [ 35 ] Coal mining played an important function in the industrial development of Hokkaidō, with the Ishikari coalfield. Cities such as Muroran were chiefly developed to supply the rest of the archipelago with ember. [ 12 ]

department of transportation [edit ]

Hokkaidō ‘s only land link to the rest of Japan is the Seikan Tunnel. Most travellers travel to the island by air : the chief airport is New Chitose Airport at Chitose, just confederacy of Sapporo. Tokyo–Chitose is in the circus tent 10 of the universe ‘s busiest air out routes, handling more than 40 widebody attack trips on several airlines each day. One of the airlines, Air Do was named after Hokkaidō. Hokkaidō can be reached by ferry from Sendai, Niigata and some other cities, with the ferries from Tokyo dealing lone in cargo. The Hokkaido Shinkansen takes passengers from Tokyo to near Hakodate in slenderly over four hours. [ 36 ] There is a fairly well-developed railway network, but many cities can merely be accessed by road. The char railways were constructed around Sapporo and Horonai during the late nineteenth hundred, as advised by American engineer Joseph Crawford. [ 12 ] Hokkaidō is home to one of Japan ‘s Melody Roads, which is made from grooves cut into the ground, which when drive over causes a tactile shaking and audible rumble transmitted through the wheels into the car body. [ 37 ] [ 38 ]

education [edit ]

The Hokkaido Prefectural Board of Education oversees public schools ( except colleges and universities ) in Hokkaidō. Public elementary and junior high schools ( except Hokkaido Noboribetsu Akebi Secondary School and schools attached to Hokkaidō University of Education ) are operated by municipalities, and public high schools are operated by either the prefectural board or municipalities. Hokkaidō has 37 universities ( 7 national, 5 local public, and 25 secret universities ), 34 junior colleges, and 5 colleges of engineering ( 4 national and 1 local public colleges ). National universities located in Hokkaidō are :
Hokkaidō government runs Sapporo Medical University, a medical school in Sapporo .

culture [edit ]

Sports [edit ]

The 1972 Winter Olympics were held in Sapporo. The sports teams listed below are based in Hokkaidō .

winter festivals [edit ]

Sapporo Snow Festival
Asahikawa Ice Festival
Sōunkyō Ice Festival
Big Air – snowboarding freestyle competition
Shōwa-Shinzan International Yukigassen – competitive snowballing

International relations [edit ]

Hokkaidō has relationships with several provinces, states, and early entities worldwide. [ 40 ]
As of January 2014, 74 individual municipalities in Hokkaidō have sister city agreements with 114 cities in 21 different countries worldwide. [ 47 ]

Politics [edit ]

governor [edit ]

The current governor of Hokkaido is Naomichi Suzuki. He won the governorship in the gubernatorial election in 2019 as an mugwump. In 1999, Hori was supported by all major non-Communist parties and Itō ran without party support. Before 1983, the governorship had been held by big Democrats Naohiro Dōgakinai and Kingo Machimura for 24 years. In the 1971 election when Machimura retired, the Socialist campaigner Shōhei Tsukada lost to Dōgakinai by only 13,000 votes ; [ 48 ] Tsukada was besides supported by the Communist Party – the leftist cooperation in resistance to the US-Japanese security treaty had brought joint Socialist-Communist candidates to victory in many other prefectural and local anesthetic elections in the 1960s and 1970s. In 1959, Machimura had defeated Yokomichi ‘s father Setsuo in the raceway to succeed Hokkaidō ‘s first elected governor, Socialist Toshibumi Tanaka who retired after three terms. Tanaka had merely won the governorship in 1947 in a run-off election against Democrat Eiji Arima because no candidate had received the necessary vote parcel to win in the first rung as required by law at the clock .

assembly [edit ]

The Hokkaido Legislative Assembly has 100 members from 47 electoral districts. As of April 30, 2015, the LDP caucus holds a majority with 51 seats, the DPJ -led group has 26 members. early groups are the Hokkaidō Yūshikai of New Party Daichi and independents with twelve seats, Kōmeitō with eight, and the Japanese Communist Party with four members. [ 49 ] General elections for the Hokkaido assembly are presently held together with gubernatorial elections in the mix local elections ( last attack : April 2015 ) .
For the lower house of the National Diet, Hokkaidō is divided into twelve single-member electoral districts. In the 2017 election, candidates from the governing coalition of Liberal Democrats and Kōmeitō won seven districts and the chief opposition Constitutional Democrats five. For the proportional election segment, Hokkaidō and Tokyo are the only two prefectures that form a regional “ obstruct ” zone of their own. The Hokkaido proportional representation parry elects eight Representatives. In 2017, the Liberal Democratic Party received 28.8 % of the proportional vote and won three seats, the Constitutional Democratic Party won three ( 26.4 % of the vote ), one seat each went to Kibō no Tō ( 12.3 % ) and Kōmeitō ( 11.0 % ). The japanese Communist Party, who won a seat in 2014, lost their seat in 2017 while receiving 8.5 % of the votes. In the upper house of the National Diet, a major reallotment in the 1990s halved the numeral of Councillors from Hokkaidō per election from four to two. After the elections of 2010 and 2013, the Hokkaido electoral zone – like most two-member districts for the upper berth house – is represented by two liberal Democrats and two Democrats. In the 2016 upper berth house election, the zone magnitude will be raised to three, Hokkaidō will then temporarily be represented by five members and six after the 2019 election .

See besides [edit ]

Notes [edit ]

^[note 1] Source : english version of Sightseeing in Hokkaido, Winter Festival and Events