lead tier of association football in Turkey
This article is about the league in Turkey. For the league in Northern Cyprus, see KTFF Süper Lig Football league
The Süper Lig ( turkish pronunciation : [ ˈsypæɾ liɟ ], Super League ) is a turkish master league for association football clubs. It is the top-flight of the Turkish football league arrangement and is run by the Turkish Football Federation. Twenty clubs compete annually, where a champion is decided and three clubs are promoted and relegated from, and to, the 1. Lig. The season runs from August to May, with each cabaret playing 38 matches. Matches are played Friday through Monday.

The rival was initially established as the Millî Lig ( National League ) in 1959 – the first professional nationally league competition held in Turkey. [ 3 ] The league succeeded the turkish Football Championship and the National Division, both being early top-level home competitions. The Süper Lig is presently 13th in the UEFA coefficient rank of leagues based on club performances in european competitions over the last five years. [ citation needed ] A sum of 73 clubs have competed in the Süper Lig, but only six have won the title to date : Galatasaray ( 22 ), Fenerbahçe ( 19 ), Beşiktaş ( 16 ), Trabzonspor ( 6 ), Bursaspor ( 1 ) and İstanbul Başakşehir ( 1 ) .

history [edit ]

football in Turkey stems back to the late nineteenth hundred, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Salonica ( then part of the Ottoman Empire ). [ 4 ] The beginning league competition was the Istanbul Football League, which took place in the 1904–05 season. The league went through several variations until the creation of the Millî Lig ( Süper Lig ) in 1959. Between the universe of the Istanbul League and Millî Lig, several early regional leagues took place : Adana ( 1924 ), Ankara ( 1922 ), Eskişehir ( 1924 ), İzmir ( 1924 ), Bursa ( 1924 ), and Trabzon ( 1922 ), to name a few. The first contest to bring forth a home champion was the former Turkish Football Championship, which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. [ 5 ] The backing format was based on a smasher contest, contested between the winners of each of the country ‘s top regional leagues. [ 6 ] The National Division ( turkish : Millî Küme ) was the beginning national league competition in Turkey. Started in 1937, the National Division consisted of the strongest golf club from the Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir leagues. The championship lasted until 1950. [ 7 ] [ 8 ]
The Federation Cup was established in 1956 to decide a national ace. This ace would go on to participate in the european Cup. The rival was held for two seasons until it was replaced by the Millî Lig. Beşiktaş won both editions and qualified for the european Cup during the biennial span. however, since the TFF failed to register their name for the draw in time, Beşiktaş could not participate in the 1957–58 season after all. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The top clubhouse of Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 Turkish National League. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, alternatively of 1958-59, since the qualify stages took invest in 1958. The 16 clubs who competed in the first season were : Adalet ( Istanbul ), Altay ( İzmir ), Ankaragücü ( Ankara ), Ankara Demirspor ( Ankara ), Beşiktaş ( Istanbul ), Beykoz ( Istanbul ), Karagümrük ( Istanbul ), Fenerbahçe ( Istanbul ), Galatasaray ( Istanbul ), Gençlerbirliği ( Ankara ), Göztepe ( İzmir ), Hacettepe Gençlik ( Ankara ), İstanbulspor, İzmirspor, Karşıyaka ( İzmir ), and Vefa ( Istanbul ). The foremost champions were Fenerbahçe and the first “ Gol Kralı “ ( top scorer ) was Metin Oktay. No clubs were promoted or relegated at the end of the first season. [ 11 ] The 2. Lig ( Second League ) was created at the startle of the 1963–64 season and the Millî Lig became known as the 1.Lig ( First League ). Before the foundation of a second class, the bottom three clubs competed with regional league winners in a contest called the Baraj Games. The top three teams of the group were promoted to the Süper Lig. After the foundation of a new second division in 2001, known as the 1. Lig, the once titled 1. Lig was rebranded as Süper Lig. [ 12 ] The Süper Lig is home of the Fenerbahçe–Galatasaray bowler hat, the most watch football game in Turkey. It is considered to be one of the best and most intense in the universe, being ranked among the greatest football rivalries of all-time by diverse external sources. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ]

Season naming [edit ]

Since 2014-15 season, Turkish Football Federation names seasons in memory of respective personalities, chiefly football-related. The logo presented for these seasons besides feature the portrayal of the person the season is named after. This practice besides created a curse, in this case the team associated with the person the season is named after showed a bad operation during the season. The practice is introduced after erstwhile president of Beşiktaş JK, Süleyman Seba died in 13 August 2014. [ 16 ] [ 17 ]

competition format [edit ]

current design of the Süper Lig Trophy, in consumption since 2015 There has been 18 clubs in the Süper Lig until 2020. 21 Clubs are competing in the Süper Lig starting from 2020. During the course of the season ( from August to May ) each club plays the others twice ( a double orotund robin system ), once at their dwelling stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a sum of 40 games. Teams receive three points for a succeed and one compass point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by full points, then neck and neck record, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each temper, the baseball club with the most points is crown ace. If points are equal, the neck and neck record and then goal deviation determine the winner. The three lowest placed teams are relegated to the 1. Lig and the top two teams from the 1. Lig, together with the winner of play-offs involving the one-third to sixth station 1. Lig clubs are promoted in their place. [ 19 ]

qualification for european competitions [edit ]

qualification for european competitions is as follows : champions qualify for the group stage of the Champions League, runner-up qualify for the second base modification attack of the Champions League, third stead qualifies for the third gear qualifying polish of the Europa League, and fourthly space qualifies for the second passing round off of the like contest. A one-fifth topographic point is given to the achiever of the turkish Cup, who qualify for the play-off round of the Europa League. If the turkish Cup winner has already qualified for european competition through their league coating, the next highest placed baseball club in the league takes their rate .

UEFA ranking [edit ]

As of 6 May 2021

Ranking Member association Coefficient
2021 2020 Mvmt 2016–17 2017–18 2018–19 2019–20 2020–21 Total
12 9 -3 -3 UkraineUkraine 5.500 8.000 5.600 7.200 6.800 33.100
13 11 -2 -2 TurkeyTurkey 9.700 6.800 5.500 5.000 3.100 30.100
14 13 -2 -2 DenmarkDenmark 8.500 5.250 4.875 5.125 4.125 27.875

Clubs [edit ]

a establish penis of the Süper Lig
b Never been relegated from the Süper Lig

Champions [edit ]

In sum, fifteen different clubs have won the turkish backing title, including titles won before the Süper Lig ‘s origin, namely in the former Turkish Football Championship and Turkish National Division, [ 3 ] which are denied and not counted by the Turkish Football Federation, flush though they were official championships by the TFF itself. Fenerbahçe is the team which has the most national championships, with 28 titles in sum.

entirely six clubs have been champions since the begin of the Süper Lig earned run average in 1959 : Galatasaray 22 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 16 times ( see eminence below ), Trabzonspor 6 times, and Bursaspor and İstanbul Başakşehir once each .
1 Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 editions of the turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish Professional First Division championships to the Turkish Football Federation. The Cup was established in 1956 to find a national ace to represent Turkey, after UEFA decided that merely national champions could participate in the european Cup. [ 3 ] Beşiktaş had consequently earned the correct to represent Turkey in the european Cup in the 1957–58 and 1958–59 seasons. [ 21 ] The regnant on this matter was announced in a press acquittance on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Federation Cup would be counted as national league championships .

Star rat system [edit ]

The honor of Golden Stars was introduced in football to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of aureate stars on their team badges and jerseys. In Turkey, clubs are permitted to place a golden asterisk above their crest for every five national championships won. As of the 2020-21 season Galatasaray are permitted four fortunate stars, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one aureate headliner to be placed above their peak on their jerseys .

League engagement [edit ]

As of 2021, 73 clubs have participated. note : The tallies below include up to the 2021–22 season. Teams denoted in boldface are stream participants .

player records [edit ]

  • Bold denotes players still active in the league.
  • All players are Turkish unless otherwise indicated.

‡ Galatasaray was one of the final eight teams of the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League group stage, however, UEFA does not consider this a quarter-final engagement .

See besides [edit ]

References and notes [edit ]