White castle
Black castle The rook ( ; ♖, ♜ ) is a piece in the plot of chess resembling a castle. once the objet d’art ( from Persian رخ rokh / rukh, meaning chariot ) was alternatively called the tower, marquess, rector, and comes ( count or earl ) ( Sunnucks 1970 ). The term castle is considered to be informal, incorrect, or antique. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Reading: Rook (chess) – Wikipedia
Each musician starts the game with two rooks, one on each of the recess squares on their own side of the board .
| This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. |
placement and motion [edit ]
The white rooks start on squares a1 and h1, while the black castle originate on a8 and h8. The rook moves horizontally or vertically, through any total of unoccupied squares ( see diagram ). The victimize can not jump over pieces. As with captures by other pieces, the rook captures by occupying the square on which the enemy musical composition sits. The castle besides participates, with the king, in a special move called castle .
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Starting positions of the rooks
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The white victimize can move to any square marked with a white acid. The black rook can move to squares with a black dot, or it can capture the white pawn on e7 .
scheme [edit ]
relative value [edit ]
The rook is worth about 5 pawns. In general, rooks are stronger than bishops or knights ( which are called minor pieces ) and are considered greater in respect than either of those pieces by about two pawns but less valuable than two minor pieces by approximately a pawn. Two rooks are broadly considered to be worth slightly more than a queen ( see chess man relative measure ). [ 3 ] Winning a castle for a bishop or knight is referred to as winning the exchange. Rooks and queens are called heavy pieces or major pieces, as opposed to bishops and knights, the minor pieces. [ 4 ]
Development [edit ]
In the open, the rooks are blocked in by other pieces and can not immediately participate in the game, so it is normally desirable to connect one ‘s castle on the first rank by castling and then clearing all pieces except the king and rook from the first rank. In that place, the rooks support each other and can more easily move to occupy and control the most friendly files. A coarse strategic goal is to develop a victimize on the first rate of an assailable file ( i.e., one unobstructed by pawns of either musician ) or a half-open file ( i.e., one unobstructed by friendly pawns ). From this position, the rook is relatively unexposed to risk but can exert control condition on every squarely on the charge. If one charge is particularly important, a player might advance one castle on it, then position the other castle behind— doubling the rooks. A rook on the seventh rank ( the opposition ‘s second membership ) is typically very mighty, as it threatens the opposition ‘s unadvanced pawns and hems in the enemy king. A castle on the seventh crying is often considered sufficient compensation for a pawn ( Fine & Benko 2003 :586 ). In the diagram position from a game between Lev Polugaevsky and Larry Evans, [ 5 ] the castle on the one-seventh absolute enables White to draw, despite being a pawn down ( griffith 1992 :102–3 ). Two rooks on the one-seventh absolute are frequently enough to force victory by the blind swine match, or at least a trace by ceaseless check. [ 6 ]
A white castle on the 7th social station
Polugaevsky vs. Evans, 1970
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White to move, trace Connected black rooks on the 7th rank
Chigorin vs. Steinitz, Havana 1892
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black to move, 32 … Rxh2+ and White resigns, seeing that 33.Kg1 Rdg2 #
endgame [edit ]
Rooks are most brawny towards the end of a game ( i.e., the endgame ), when they can move unobstructed by pawns and control big numbers of squares. They are slightly gawky at restraining enemy pawns from advancing towards promotion, unless they can occupy the file behind the advancing pawn. As well, a rook best supports a friendly pawn towards forwarding from behind it on the same file ( see Tarrasch rule ). In a position with a castle and one or two minor pieces versus two rooks, by and large in accession to pawns, and possibly other pieces – Lev Alburt advises that the player with the single castle should avoid exchanging the victimize for one of his opponent ‘s rooks ( Alburt 2009 :44 ). The rook is a identical potent piece to deliver checkmate. Below are a few examples of castle checkmates that are comfortable to force .
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A two-rook checkmate aka the Ladder Checkmate
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A king and castle checkmate. The baron and victimize sour together to force the foe king to the edge of the display panel, where it can be checkmated .
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back rank checkmate
history [edit ]
In the medieval shatranj, the victimize symbolized a chariot. The irani word rukh means “ chariot ” ( Davidson 1949 :10 ), and the match nibble in the original indian version, chaturanga, has the name ratha ( meaning “ chariot ” ). In mod times it is by and large known as हाथी ( elephant ) to Hindi -speaking players, while east-Asian chess games such as xiangqi and shogi have names besides meaning chariot ( 車 ) for the lapp piece. [ 7 ]
Antique Indian Mughal Chess Elephant made from Sandalwood representing the Rook .
19th-century example of a siege tower, which the victimize may be intended to represent
The berserker used as a castle in the Lewis chessmen iranian war-chariots were heavily armored, carrying a driver and at least one ranged-weapon pallbearer, such as an sagittarius. The sides of the chariot were built to resemble fortified rock work, giving the depression of small, mobile buildings, causing terror on the battlefield. [ citation needed ] In Europe the castle or loom appears for the foremost time in the sixteenth hundred in Vida ‘s 1550 Ludus Scacchia, and then as a column on the back of an elephant. In time, the elephant disappeared and merely the column was used as the piece. [ 8 ] In the West, the victimize is about universally represented as a crenel gun enclosure. The piece is called torre ( “ tower ” ) in italian, portuguese, Catalan and Spanish ; tour in French ; toren in Dutch ; Turm in German ; torn in Swedish ; and torni in Finnish. In hungarian it is bástya ( “ bastion “ ) and in Hebrew speech it is called צריח ( pronounced “ Tzariach ”, meaning “ fortified tower ” ). In the british Museum ‘s collection of the chivalric Lewis chess pieces the rooks appear as buttocks warders, or quixotic Berserker warriors. Rooks normally are exchangeable in appearance to small castles, and as a leave a castle is sometimes called a “ castle ” ( Hooper & Whyld 1996 ). advanced chess literature rarely, if ever, uses this term. [ 9 ] In some languages the castle is called a embark : Thai เรือ ( reūa ), armenian Նավակ ( navak ), russian ладья ( ladya ), javanese ꦥꦿꦲꦸ ( prahu ). This may be because of the function of an Arabic manner V-shaped castle objet d’art, which some may have mistaken for a ship. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] It is potential that the rendition comes from Sanskrit roka ( ship ) ; however, no chaturanga pieces were ever called a roka. Murray argued that the Javanese could not visualize a chariot moving through the jungles in sweep manner as the rook. The merely vehicle that moved in directly fashion was transport, thus they replaced it with prahu. Murray, however, did not give an explanation of why the Russians call the nibble a “ ship ”. [ 13 ] Peter Tyson suggests that there ‘s a correlation between the name of the piece and the discussion rukh, a fabulous elephantine boo of prey from irani mythology. [ 14 ] In Bulgarian, it is called the cannon ( Топ, romanize top ). In Kannada, it is known as ಆನೆ ( āāne ), meaning “ elephant ”. [ 15 ] This is unusual, as the term for elephant is in many other languages applied to the bishop. [ 16 ]
name translations [edit ]
heraldry [edit ]
Arms of the English family of Rookwood, featuring chess rooks as a cant on the name Chess rooks frequently occur as heraldic charges. Heraldic rooks are normally shown as they looked in medieval chess-sets, with the usual battlements replaced by two outward-curving horns. They occur in arms from around the thirteenth hundred onwards. In canadian heraldry, the chess rook is the cadence check of a fifth daughter .
Unicode [edit ]
Unicode defines two codepoints for castle : ♖ U+2656 White Chess Rook ( HTML ♖ ) ♜ U+265C Black Chess Rook ( HTML ♜ )
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
References [edit ]
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