City of Manchester Stadium

Home ground of Manchester City Football Club in England

“ Etihad Stadium ” redirects here. For for the stadium in Melbourne once known as Etihad Stadium, see Docklands Stadium The City of Manchester Stadium ( frequently abbreviated as COMS ) in Manchester, England, besides known as the Etihad Stadium for sponsorship reasons, [ 2 ] is the home of Premier League baseball club Manchester City F.C., with a domestic football capacity of 53,400, [ 1 ] making it the fifth-largest in the Premier League and tenth-largest in the United Kingdom. [ 3 ]

Reading: City of Manchester Stadium

Built to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, [ 4 ] the stadium has since staged the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, [ 5 ] England football internationals, [ 6 ] rugby league matches, [ 7 ] a packing world title fight, [ 5 ] [ 8 ] the England rugby union team ‘s death match of the 2015 Rugby World Cup [ 9 ] and summer music concerts during the football off-season. The stadium, originally proposed as an athletics arena in Manchester ‘s offer for the 2000 Summer Olympics, [ 10 ] was converted after the 2002 Commonwealth Games from a 38,000 capacity sphere to a 48,000 seat football stadium at a cost to the city council of £22 million and to Manchester City of £20 million. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Manchester City F.C. agreed to lease the stadium from Manchester City Council and moved there from Maine Road in the summer of 2003. [ 13 ] The stadium was built by Laing structure at a cost of £112 million [ 14 ] and was designed and engineered by Arup, [ 12 ] whose plan incorporated a cable-stayed roof structure which is separated from the main stadium bowl and suspended entirely by twelve outside masts and bind cables. [ 15 ] The stadium plan has received much praise and many accolades, including an award from the Royal Institute of British Architects in 2004 for its advanced inclusive building purpose and a special prize in 2003 from the Institution of Structural Engineers for its unique structural design. [ 4 ] [ 16 ] In August 2015, a 7,000 seat third base grade on the South Stand was completed, in time for the begin of the 2015–16 football temper. [ 17 ] The expansion was designed to be in keeping with the existing roof purpose .

history [edit ]

background [edit ]

Plans to build a raw stadium in Manchester were formulated earlier 1989 as share of the city ‘s bid to host the 1996 Summer Olympics. Manchester City Council submitted a bid that included a purpose for an 80,000-capacity stadium on a greenfield site west of Manchester city center. The wish failed and Atlanta hosted the Games. Four years former the city council wish to host the 2000 Summer Olympics, but this meter focusing on a brownfield site 1.6 kilometres ( 0.99 security service ) east of the city center on derelict land that was the site of Bradford Colliery, [ 18 ] known colloquially as Eastlands. The council ‘s switch in focus was driven by emerging politics legislation on urban renewal, promising vital support funding for such projects ; the politics became involved in funding the purchase and clearance of the Eastlands site in 1992. [ 19 ] For the February 1993 bid the city council submitted another 80,000-capacity stadium design [ 10 ] produced by design consultants Arup, the firm that helped select the Eastlands site. On 23 September 1993, the games were awarded to Sydney, but the follow year Manchester submitted the same scheme invention to the Millennium Commission as a “ Millennium Stadium ”, alone to have this proposal rejected. Undeterred, Manchester City Council subsequently bid to host the 2002 Commonwealth Games, once again proposing the same site along with downsize stadium plans derived from the 2000 Olympics command, and this time were successful. In 1996, this same planned stadium competed with Wembley Stadium to gain fund to become the fresh national stadium, [ 20 ] but the money was used to redevelop Wembley. After successful athletics events at the Commonwealth Games, conversion into a football venue was criticised by athletics figures such as Jonathan Edwards and Sebastian Coe [ 21 ] as, at the time, the United Kingdom hush lacked plans for a big athletics venue due to the capability of installing an athletics track having been dropped from the designs for a rebuild Wembley Stadium. Had either of the two larger stadium proposals developed by Arup been agreed for financing, then Manchester would have had a venue able of being adapted to hosting large-scale athletics events through the manipulation of movable induct. Sport England wished to avoid creating a white elephant, so they insisted that the City Council agree to undertake and fund extensive knead to convert CoMS from a chase and field sphere to a football stadium, thereby ensuring its long-run fiscal viability. Sport England hoped either Manchester City Council or Manchester City F.C. would provide the extra £50 million required to convert the stadium to a 65,000 seater athletics and footballing venue with movable induct. [ 22 ] however, Manchester City Council did not have the money to facilitate movable seat and Manchester City were lukewarm about the theme. [ 23 ] Stadium architects Arup believed history demonstrated that maintaining a rarely use athletics track often does not work with football – and cited examples such as the Stadio delle Alpi and the Olympic stadium with both Juventus and Bayern Munich moving to new stadiums less than 40 years after inheriting them. [ 24 ]

2002 Commonwealth Games [edit ]

Model of 80,000-seat stadium used in 2000 Olympic Bid. The proposed stadium was a larger design of CoMS, with more access ramps and masts. The stadium ‘s foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister Tony Blair in December 1999, [ 25 ] and structure began in January 2000. [ 26 ] The stadium was designed by Arup and constructed by Laing construction at a monetary value of approximately £112 million, [ 12 ] [ 14 ] £77 million of which was provided by Sport England, with the end funded by Manchester City Council. [ 27 ] For the Commonwealth Games, the stadium featured a one lower tier of seating running about three sides of the athletics track, and second tiers to the two sides, with an alfresco irregular digest at the northerly end ; initially providing a seating capacity for the Games of 38,000, subsequently extended to 41,000 through the facility of extra irregular trackside seating along the east and south stands. [ 28 ] The first public consequence at the stadium was the opening ceremony of the 2002 Commonwealth Games on 25 July 2002. Among the dignitaries stage was Queen Elizabeth II who made a speech, delivered to her in an electronic baton, and ‘declared the Commonwealth Games capable ‘. [ 29 ] During the follow ten-spot days of competition, the stadium hosted the racetrack and field events and all the rugby sevens matches. Sixteen new Commonwealth Games track and field [ 30 ] records ( six men ‘s and ten-spot women ‘s ) were set in the stadium, [ 31 ] eight of which ( three men ‘s and five women ‘s records ) are distillery extant after three subsequent series of Games in 2006, 2010 and 2014. Prior to the 2012 Summer Olympics held in London, the 2002 Games was the largest multi-sport event ever to be staged in the United Kingdom, eclipsing the earlier London 1948 Summer Olympics in numbers of teams and competing athletes ( 3,679 ), [ 32 ] and it was the world ‘s first multi-sport tournament to include a restrict number of full decoration events for elect athletes with a disability ( EAD ). [ 33 ] [ 34 ] In terms of count of participating nations, it is calm the largest democracy Games in history, featuring 72 nations competing in 281 events across seventeen ( fourteen individual and three team ) sports. [ 32 ]

stadium conversion [edit ]

The Commonwealth Games configuration had two tiers of seats During conversion, the athletics lead was excavated and the stadium pitch level reduced to create a third gear tier Sections of the track were removed and relaid at early athletics venues, [ 35 ] and the internal ground level was lowered to make way for an extra tier of seat, on terracing already constructed then buried for the original shape. The three irregular stands with a entire capacity of 16,000 were dismantled, and replaced with a permanent structure of similar design to the existing one at the southern end. This work took closely a year to complete [ 36 ] and added 23,000 permanent seats, increasing the capacity of the converted stadium by 7,000 [ 37 ] to approximately 48,000. [ 11 ] Manchester City F.C. moved to the ground in time for the originate of the 2003–04 season. [ 13 ] The entire cost of this conversion was in excess of £40 million, with the track, gear and seating conversion being funded by the city council at a price of £22 million ; [ 12 ] [ 14 ] and the facility of bars, restaurants and corporate entertainment areas throughout the stadium being funded by the football club at a cost of £20 million. [ 12 ] [ 14 ] The Games had made a small manoeuver excess, and Sport England agreed that this could be reinvested in converting the athletics warm-up cut adjacent to the main stadium into the 6,000 seat Manchester Regional Arena at a cost of £3.5 million .

stadium expansion [edit ]

South Stand after expansion in 2015 The stadium is owned by Manchester City Council and leased by the football club on a ‘fully repairing ‘ basis. All operate, sustenance and future capital costs are borne by the baseball club ; who consequently receive all revenues from stadium users. The 2008 coup d’etat made the football club one of the wealthiest in the world, [ 38 ] prompting suggestions that it could consider buying the stadium outright. [ 39 ] Manchester City signed an agreement with Manchester City Council in March 2010 to allow a £1 billion renovation led by architect Rafael Viñoly. [ 40 ] During the 2010 closed season the football gear and cordial reception areas were renovated, with a £1 million investment being made in the acting surface so that it is better able to tolerate concerts and early events without damage. [ 41 ] In October 2010, Manchester City renegotiated the stadium lease, obtaining the naming rights to the stadium in return for agreeing to now pay the City Council an annual cook summarize of £3 million where previously it had entirely paid half of the ticket sales gross from match attendances exceeding 35,000. [ 42 ] This newly agreement occurred as part of a standard five-year review of the original lease and it amounts to an estimate £1 million annual increase in council revenues from the stadium. [ 42 ] During 2011–14, the club sold all 36,000 of its allocated season tickets each season [ 43 ] and experienced an average match attendance that is identical close to its maximum seat capacity ( see table in previous section ). consequently, during the 2014–15 temper, an expansion of the stadium was undertaken. The South Stand was extended with the addition of a one-third tier which, in conjunction with an extra three rows of lurch side seat, increased stadium capacity to approximately 55,000. [ 44 ] Construction commenced on the South Stand in April 2014 and was completed for the start of the 2015–16 season. [ 45 ] A concluding phase of expansion, which received planning approval at the lapp time as the others but remains unscheduled, would have added a coordinated third tier of seats to the North Stand. In November 2018 the club consulted with season tag holders on possible alternative configurations for this expansion ; including proposals for a still larger two-tier North Stand without executive boxes or bodied cordial reception lounges, and possibly with areas convertible to safe standing. The full length of the second tiers in the East and West stands would then be reconfigured as premium seating associated with raw cordial reception stripe areas. Depending on the prefer design option, this concluding phase could bring the stadium ‘s sum seat capacity up to approximately 63,000, making the Etihad Stadium the nation ‘s third largest capacity club crunch. Behind Old Trafford and ( potentially ) the London Stadium, but marginally greater than Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. [ 46 ]

architecture [edit ]

It ‘s the roller-coaster ceiling, visible from miles round, that is the big giveaway. It has a similar lightweight canopy that swoops up and down over the stands in one about continuous wave. Held up by nothing more than thread-like cables, this is structural gymnastics of the most exhilarating kind, vastly superscript to the gawky sword trusses that conventionally support stadium roof .

Martin Spring, Building magazine ( 2002 ) [ 47 ]

The stadium ’ sulfur roof, with its masts and cable stays, gives the stadium a strike appearance. apart from the innovative roof purpose, which made economic use of materials, the stadium is luminary for its attention to such details as push consolation, relief of entree ( via those eight great spirals that flank the stadium ), and provision for a diverse audience

Sir John Armitt, Civil Engineer ( 2016 ) [ 48 ]
buttocks view of the South Stand in 2015. Two sets of masts and sword cabling suspend individually the new South Stand roof and the catenary cable supporting roofs on the early three sides When planning the growth, Manchester City Council required a sustainable “ landmark ” structure that would be an “ icon ” for the regeneration of the once heavily industrialised site surrounding Bradford Colliery, arsenic well as providing spectators with thoroughly sightlines in an “ atmospheric ” stadium. [ 36 ] Arup designed the stadium to be “ an intimate, even intimidating, gladiatorial arena embodying the atmosphere of a football club ” with the cant six metres below land level, a have of Roman gladiatorial arenas and amphitheatres. [ 36 ] The attention to detail, much absent in stadium design, has been remarked upon, including the fusiform roof supports with blue lighting beacons, sculpted rain gutters, poly-carbonate perimeter roof edging and openable louvres to aid pitch grass growth with similarities besides made to high-tech architecture. [ 28 ]

Roof blueprint [edit ]

The toroidal -shaped stadium roof is held together by a tensioned system, which has been described as “ ground-breaking ” by New Steel Construction magazine. [ 15 ] The stadium ‘s architectural focal detail is the sweep roof and support masts which are separate from the concrete bowl. [ 15 ] A catenary cable is situated around the inner perimeter of the ceiling structure which is tied to the masts via forestay cables. Backstay cables and corner ties from the masts are connected to the ground to support the structure. [ 15 ] With the expansion of the South Stand in 2015 to accommodate a third base grade of seat, the original south end roof was dismantled ; but with the southerly masts and corner ties remaining, therefore as to continue to tie the catenary cable which now runs below the new roof. The new higher South Stand roof is a classify social organization, with its own set of stimulate masts and cables ; and it is expected that a counterpart agreement will be adopted for the proposed North Stand expansion. Cables are attached to the twelve masts circling the stadium with rafters and purlins for extra inflexible digest. [ 15 ] The fusiform masts doubling as ocular features, with the highest at 70 metres ( 230 foot ). [ 49 ] Access to the upper tiers of seats is provided by eight circular ramps with conic roof resembling turrets above which eight of the twelve masts rise astir providing the support structure for the roof. [ 16 ] The roof of the south, east and west stands built for the athletics stadium configuration was supported by the cable final system. The impermanent open base at the north end was built around the masts and tie down cables that would ultimately support the ceiling of the North Stand. [ 15 ] After the games the track and field were excavated. The temp bleachers at the union end were removed and the North Stand and lower tier of seats constructed on the train excavation. The North Stand roof was completed by adding rafters, purlins and cladding. [ 15 ]

Facilities and pitch [edit ]

The stadium has facilities for players and match officials in a basement area below the west stand, which besides contains a kitchen providing meals for up to 6,000 people on pit days, press rooms, grind staff memory, and a prison cell. [ 36 ] The stadium besides has league facilities and is licensed for marriage ceremonies. [ 50 ] Fitting out of the cordial reception suites, kitchens, offices, and multitude concessions was accomplished by KSS Architects, and included the installation of the communications cable and automatic access operate system. [ 36 ] The stadium ‘s interior comprises a continuous egg-shaped bowl, with three tiers of seating at the sides, and two tiers at each goal. entry by patrons is gained by contactless ache card quite than traditional man turnstiles. The system can admit up to 1,200 people per minute through all entrances. [ 51 ] A service burrow under the stadium provides access for hand brake vehicles and the visit team ‘s coach to enter the stadium directly. Once inside the stadium patrons have access to six theme restaurants, two of which have views of the deliver, and there are 70 executive boxes [ 52 ] above the irregular tier of seating in the north, west and east stands. The stadium is equipped with stand-by generators should there be an electric mains failure. These are capable of keeping the stadium electrics running ampere well as the floodlights at 800 lux, the minimum horizontal surface stipulated by FIFA to continue to broadcast alive football. [ 53 ] To create the optimum eatage playing surface in the stadium bowl, the roof was designed to maximise sunlight by using a ten-metre ring of translucent polycarbonate at its periphery. [ 54 ] Additionally, each of the corners of the stadium without seating have perforated walls with movable louvres that can be adjusted to provide ventilation of the supergrass and general airflow through the stadium. [ 55 ] Drainage and under-pitch heating system were installed to provide optimum growing conditions for the grass. [ 36 ] The sales talk has a UEFA standard property of 105 by 68 metres ( 115 by 74 yd ). [ 52 ] and is covered with lifelike grass reinforced by artificial fibres made by Desso. [ 56 ] The field of play is lit by 218 2000-watt floodlights, consuming a total of 436,000 watts. [ 57 ] The grass play surface is recognised as being one of the best in English football, and has been nominated five times in the last nine seasons for best Premier League cant, an award it won in 2010–11 [ 58 ] among early awards. [ 59 ]

Names [edit ]

Panorama of north end of stadium as viewed from southern approach along Joe Mercer Way The stadium was named the City of Manchester Stadium by Manchester City Council before construction began in December 1999, [ 25 ] but has a number of normally used alternatives. City of Manchester Stadium is abbreviated to CoMS [ pronunciation? ] when written and spoken. Eastlands refers to the site and the stadium before they were named SportCity and CoMS respectively, and remains in common custom [ 2 ] for both the stadium and the hale complex, as does SportCity but with less frequency. [ 60 ] The stadium was besides formally referred to as Manchester City Stadium for the 2015 Rugby World Cup. [ 61 ] The football cabaret, under its newfangled possession, renegotiated its 250-year lease with the city council in October 2010, gaining the name rights [ 12 ] in rejoinder for a substantial increase in rent. [ 14 ] [ 42 ] The stadium was renamed the Etihad Stadium by the club in July 2011 as function of a ten-year agreement with the team kit out sponsors Etihad Airways. [ 2 ] The agreement encompasses sponsorship of the stadium ‘s name, extends the team kit sponsorship for ten-spot years, [ 63 ] and relocated the club ‘s youth academy and train facilities to the City Football Academy [ 64 ] onto the Etihad Campus development across the road from the stadium. [ 65 ]
Main entrance to Colin Bell Stand on west side of stadium Despite being a continuous ellipse bowl, each side of the stadium is named in the manner of a traditional football grind. All sides were initially named by compass direction ( north Stand and South Stand for the ends, East Stand and West Stand for the sides ). [ 66 ] In February 2004, after a right to vote by fans, the West Stand was renamed the Colin Bell Stand in award of the early musician. [ 67 ] The vote was about cancelled ( and the stand alternatively named after Joe Mercer ) due to suspicions it had been hijacked by equal fans who wished to dub the rename stand The Bell End. however, core supporters of the club made it clear they still wished the stand named after their hero. [ 67 ] The East Stand is unofficially known by fans as the Kippax as a protection to the very vocal east stall at the club ‘s Maine Road ground. [ 66 ] The North Stand is the alone part of the stadium built after the Commonwealth Games, during the stadium ‘s conversion. The impermanent unroofed north stand it replaced had been dubbed the New Gene Kelly Stand by supporters, a citation to the unroofed corner between the Kippax and the North Stand at the club ‘s erstwhile Maine Road home, because, being exposed to the elements, they frequently found themselves “ singing in the rain “. [ 68 ] Commencing season 2010–11, seating in the North Stand has been restricted to merely supporters accompanied by children, resulting in this end of the prime now being normally referred to as the Family Stand. Although the North Stand has never been officially renamed and is hush frequently referenced that way, [ 69 ] most external ticket offices and stadium guides, [ 70 ] in addition to the baseball club itself, [ 71 ] immediately preferentially tag and refer to this segment of the ground as the Family Stand when discussing seat and ticket sales. Supporters initially dubbed the South Stand the Scoreboard End ( the former name of the North Stand at Maine Road ), and it houses the majority of City ‘s more outspoken fans. Supporters of visiting teams are besides normally allocated seats in this resist, as it has ready access from the visitor garter coach park. [ 72 ] From 2003 to 2006, the South Stand was renamed the Key 103 Stand for sponsorship reasons, though this was largely ignored by regular patrons. The November 2018 reference exercise on further expansion options envisages the North Stand then becoming the Home End, with no corporate cordial reception areas, a greatly extend moment tier, “ low-cost ” ticket prices and potential areas able of conversion to safe stand. The cantabile sphere would then be in the North Stand, and the Family Stand would be relocated elsewhere in the Stadium .

SportCity [edit ]

The stadium is the centerpiece of SportCity, which includes several other nationally significant sporting venues. Adjacent to the stadium is the Manchester Regional Arena, which served as a warm-up track during the Commonwealth Games and is now a 6,178-capacity venue that hosts national athletics trials, [ 73 ] but has previously besides hosted the home games of both the Manchester City women ‘s team and the club ‘s under-21 reserve team. The Regional Arena has regularly hosted the AAA Championships and Paralympic World Cup, and is presently the home background of amateur rugby league slope Manchester Rangers. [ 74 ] The National Squash Centre and the National Cycling Centre, which includes both the Manchester Velodrome and the National Indoor BMX Arena, are all a short distance from the stadium. The Squash Centre, which has hosted the british National Squash Championships since 2003 was added to the SportCity complex for the Commonwealth Games along with CoMS. The Velodrome, another collector’s item venue used to stage all the track cycle events for the Games, was already in place and had been home to British Cycling, the governing soundbox for cycling in Britain, since it was built in 1994, [ 75 ] as separate of Manchester ’ mho abortive 2000 Olympics bid. [ 76 ] Prior to the completion of the Lee Valley VeloPark for the 2012 Summer Olympics, the Velodrome had been the merely indoor Olympic-standard cut in the United Kingdom. [ 76 ] The collocate BMX Arena houses the United Kingdom ’ s only permanent indoor BMX track and provides seating for up two thousand spectators. [ 75 ] It was added to the National Cycling Centre at SportCity in 2011. other major sporting and sport-related venues located in SportCity in the immediate vicinity of the Etihad Stadium, all legacies of the 2002 Commonwealth Games are the English Institute of Sport, west of the stadium, adjacent to the southwest corner of the Regional Arena ; [ 77 ] the Manchester Regional Tennis Centre, adjacent to the north end of the stadium ; [ 78 ] and the Manchester Tennis & Football Centre, besides adjacent to the stadium, which is operated and administered by the Manchester Sport and Leisure Trust. [ 79 ]

public sculpture [edit ]

The Runner, at SportCity Colin Spofforth ‘s giant bronze sculpture, , at SportCity between 11 March ( Commonwealth Day ) and 10 August 2002, as separate of the preparations for the approaching Commonwealth Games and to celebrate Her Majesty the Queen ‘s Golden Jubilee, a national Spirit of Friendship Festival was organised. [ 80 ] On 9 July, a few weeks before the Games began, a sculpture outside the newfangled home headquarters of the English Institute of Sport at SportCity was unveiled by the middle-distance runner Steve Cram. [ 81 ] This sculpt, commissioned in late 2001, was created in a little over eight weeks by Altrincham-based artist, Colin Spofforth, who had submitted to Manchester City Council his theme for a heroic-sized sculpt of a sprinter as a mean of celebrating the smasher, power and determination of the competing athletes. [ 82 ] Reaching thirty feet high, weighing seven tonnes, and titled The Runner, this alone epic tan statue of a male sprinter surmounting a bronze ball was, at the time, the United Kingdom ‘s largest sporting sculpture. [ 83 ] It depicts the identical moment the runner leaves the blocks once the newcomer ‘s gunman has fired. From 2005 to 2009 a Thomas Heatherwick sculpt, B of the Bang, was situated to the southeast of the stadium at the junction of Ashton New Road and Alan Turing Way. Built after the Commonwealth Games to commemorate them, it was the tallest sculpt in the United Kingdom. however, numerous geomorphologic problems led to the 184 ft. sculpture being dismantled in 2009 for base hit reasons. [ 84 ] In 2014, money recovered by the Manchester City Council as a result of drawn-out legal battles attendant to this debacle was used to fund a fresh £341,000 public sculpt a few hundred yards further south. [ 85 ]

stadium firsts [edit ]

The first public football match at the stadium was a friendly between Manchester City and Barcelona on 10 August 2003. Manchester City won the game 2–1, with Nicolas Anelka scoring the first always goal in the stadium. [ 86 ] [ 87 ] The beginning competitive catch followed four days late, a UEFA Cup match between Manchester City and Welsh Premier League side The New Saints, which City won 5–0 with Trevor Sinclair scoring the first competitive finish in the stadium. [ 88 ] Having started the Premier League season with an away equal, Manchester City ‘s first home league fastness in the new stadium was on 23 August, [ 89 ] a game draw 1–1 with Portsmouth, with Pompey ‘s Yakubu scoring the first league goal in the stadium. [ 90 ] 2011–12 saw the Etihad Stadium play host to the adjust of a number of newfangled club and Premier League footballing records, such as the club becoming the first ever team to win eleven of its opening twelve games in a Premier League season, [ 91 ] and going on to remain unbeaten at the Etihad Stadium in all nineteen of the Premier League games played there. The golf club ‘s phonograph record of 55 home points out of a possible 57 at the stadium is a joint best Premier League commemorate, [ 92 ] and the club ‘s record of twenty dollar bill consecutive base wins at the stadium ( going back to the end of the previous temper ) besides set a new Premier League record in March 2012. [ 93 ]
The phonograph record football attendance at the stadium not involving its master of ceremonies team Manchester City is 43,878, [ 94 ] which was set at the 2008 UEFA Cup Final plot between Zenit Saint Petersburg and Rangers on 14 May 2008. [ 95 ] As is accustomed for such games, the then 47,715 utmost forcible capability [ 96 ] of the stadium had been reduced by UEFA to around 44,000 for this final. [ 97 ] however, neither restrict would have been able to accommodate the huge number of supporters of the scots club, estimated to be in excess of 130,000, [ 98 ] that travelled down from Glasgow to Manchester on the day of the game, despite the golf club ‘s official ticket allotment being fair 13,000 and police requests for fans without tickets to stay home. This decree of magnitude mismatch between the numbers of travelling fans and those holding tickets ultimately led to a serious populace disorder incident in the concentrate of the city now inextricably associated with this final, despite the fact that the 44,000 or so push who watched the game inside the stadium were perfectly well-behaved. [ 98 ]

reception [edit ]

The 2002 Commonwealth Games were deemed a achiever [ 112 ] and the stadium gained critical applaud for its standard atmosphere and architectural design. [ 113 ] It has won a number of blueprint awards, including the 2004 Royal Institute of British Architects Inclusive Design Award for inclusive build up design, [ 114 ] the 2003 Institution of Structural Engineers Structural Special Award, [ 16 ] and in 2002 a BCI Major Project high citation was awarded by the british construction Industry. [ 16 ] In July 2014, the stadium was declared one of the United Kingdom ‘s five most iconic structures by the Construction Industry Training Board. [ 115 ]

Etihad Campus [edit ]

Etihad Stadium, viewed in March 2015 from the newly SuisseGas Bridge

Etihad Campus and CFA [edit ]

In July 2011, CoMS was renamed the Etihad Stadium, sponsored by Etihad Airways who fought off competition from Ferrostaal and Aabar to gain the stadium naming rights. [ 127 ] The lucrative ten-year sponsorship deal included not just the naming rights to the stadium itself but to the whole £200 million complex of football-related facilities into which it was soon to be incorporated. [ 128 ] In mid-september 2011, development plans were punctually announced for a new state-of-the-art youth academy and trail facility, now known as the City Football Academy ( CFA ) [ 64 ] to be built on derelict land adjacent to the stadium and which would include a 7,000 capacity mini-stadium plus fifteen extra outdoor football pitches, six swim pools and three gymnasium. [ 129 ] The planned CFA facility was not only to become the new home al-qaeda of the Manchester City first team police squad, reserve ( under-21 youth ) team team, and all of the Academy younger age group squads, but besides the new home of the anterior broadly affiliate Manchester City Ladies team [ 130 ] ( which was re-branded in 2012 as Manchester City Women ‘s F.C. and more formally merged into the Manchester City class of affiliated football teams ). [ 131 ] besides amply integrated into the newly CFA facility would be the rear baseball club ‘s worldly concern headquarter. [ 132 ] At the begin of March 2014, the structural framework for a raw pedestrian walkway/footbridge over the junction of Alan Turing Way and Ashton New Road connecting the CFA with the Etihad Stadium was lowered into locate. [ 133 ] With patronize Suisse Power & Gas SA having subsequently secured the appointment rights, [ 134 ] the completed SuisseGas Bridge was officially opened and turned over to Manchester City Council for general public access on 26 November 2014. [ 135 ] Twelve days late, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne, [ 136 ] presided over the official opening of the CFA. [ 137 ]

Community outreach/Urban regeneration [edit ]

As part of Manchester City ‘s commitment to community outreach in their renovation plans for the areas of East Manchester adjacent to the Etihad Stadium, other urban re-formation plans incorporated into the overall Etihad Campus growth stick out include the new £43 million Beswick Community Hub, [ 138 ] that includes Connell Sixth Form College ; [ 139 ] a community leisure centre ( with swimming pool, dance studio, health and fitness gymnasium, rugby pitch, and grass sports pitches ) ; [ 140 ] and a planned Manchester Institute of Health and Performance. [ 141 ] On 26 November 2014, the same day the SuisseGas Bridge was formally opened, a “ globally admired ” group of stainless steel sculptures, [ 142 ] dwell of three towering metallic chess pieces called Dad’s Halo Effect by its internationally acclaimed godhead, Ryan Gander, was similarly unveil to the public. [ 143 ] Commissioned by the Manchester City Council to represent both the past industrial and current frolic inheritance of this area of east Manchester, the public artwork is located in front of the Connell Sixth Form College, close to the central circus of the Beswick Community Hub, [ 144 ] and lone a few hundred yards south from where the area ‘s last public sculpture, B of the Bang, had been situated. [ 145 ]

transport [edit ]

The stadium is 2.5 kilometer east of Manchester city center. Manchester Piccadilly railroad track station, which serves mainline trains, is a twenty-minute walk away along a well-lit signpost road that is supervised by stewards finale to the ground. Piccadilly post besides has a Metrolink tramcar discontinue ( in the undercroft ) ; from which regular trams along the East Manchester Line to Ashton-under-Lyne serve the stadium and Etihad Campus, with enhanced service frequencies and doubled tram units on matchdays. The Etihad Campus tram stop close to Joe Mercer Way to the immediate union of the stadium opened in February 2013, and handles several thousand travellers each matchday ; spectators travelling by tramcar from Manchester city center being able to board services at Piccadilly Gardens, the journey taking approximately 10 minutes. [ 146 ] The Velopark tram hold on besides opened in February 2013 and provides access to the southeastern approach to the stadium, a good as closer access to other areas of SportCity such as the Manchester Velodrome and the City Football Academy. [ 147 ] There are many bus routes from the city concentrate and all other directions which stop at, or close to, SportCity. On equal and consequence days particular bus services from the city center serve the stadium. [ 148 ] The site has 2,000 parking spaces, with another 8,000 spaces in the surrounding area provided by local businesses and schools. [ 149 ]

other uses [edit ]

Side opinion of Take That on degree Boxing ring at Hatton ‘s deed battle Under the terms of its lease, the stadium is able to host non-football events such as concerts, boxing and rugby fixtures at Manchester City ‘s prerogative. [ 152 ] Manchester City applied for a permanent wave entertainment license in 2012 in a bid to expand the phone number of non-footballing events at the stadium. [ 153 ]

Concerts [edit ]

Outside the football season, the stadium hosts annual summer concerts, and is one of the United Kingdom ‘s largest music venues, having a maximum capacitance of 60,000 for performances. [ 154 ] It was the largest stadium concert venue in England before the new Wembley Stadium was built. [ 154 ] [ 155 ] The first concert was a performance by the Red Hot Chili Peppers supported by James Brown in 2004. [ 151 ] An Oasis concert at the grate was featured on the DVD, Lord Don’t Slow Me Down and the dance band ‘s concert in 2005 set the attendance read of 60,000. [ 5 ] Take That released a DVD of their 2006 performance at the stadium, Take That: The Ultimate Tour. [ 156 ] other artists who have played the stadium are U2, [ 151 ] Beyoncé, Jay-Z, George Michael, [ 150 ] Rod Stewart, [ 151 ] Foo Fighters, [ 151 ] Pet Shop Boys, [ 150 ] Manic Street Preachers, [ 151 ] Bastille, Dizzee Rascal, The Futureheads, the Sugababes, Taylor Swift, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Coldplay, [ 150 ] Bruce Springsteen, [ 150 ] Muse, [ 150 ] Bon Jovi [ 150 ] ( three times ), Robbie Williams, [ 157 ] One Direction, [ 158 ] The Stone Roses, The Best and the Spice Girls. [ 159 ] Concerts and boxing matches finally took their bell on the sales talk. In 2008, late post-concert pitch renovation, combined with an early startle to the football season, led to the pitch not being ready for the first home repair, [ 160 ] causing the baseball club to play its UEFA Cup first gear round qualifying match at Barnsley ‘s Oakwell Stadium [ 161 ] and a moratorium to be imposed on the stag of non-football events at Eastlands. In May 2010, the baseball club invested in a modern pitch [ 41 ] [ 162 ] and summer concerts resumed in 2011 when Take That [ 150 ] played eight nights, with tag sales totalling approximately 400,000 .
CoMS is rated a category 4 stadium [ 163 ] by UEFA and has hosted respective major football matches in addition to Manchester City ‘s home fixtures. It became the fiftieth stadium to host an England international football match when the English and japanese national teams played on 1 June 2004. [ 6 ] In June 2005, the stadium hosted England ‘s possibility game in the UEFA Women ‘s Championship, setting an attendance record of 29,092 for the rival. [ 164 ] The stadium besides hosted the 2008 UEFA Cup Final, [ 5 ] in which Zenit Saint Petersburg defeated Rangers 2–0. In May 2011, the stadium hosted the Conference National play-off final between AFC Wimbledon and Luton Town ; Wimbledon gained promotion to the Football League after beating Luton in a penalty shoot-out. [ 165 ] The stadium was used for the play-offs because the 2011 UEFA Champions League Final was due to take place at Wembley on 28 May 2011 and UEFA regulations stipulate the stadium hosting the Champions League final must not be used for other matches during the former two weeks. [ 166 ]

other sports [edit ]

In October 2004, the stadium played host to a rugby league international match between Great Britain and Australia in the Tri-Nations series in presence of closely 40,000 spectators. [ 167 ] The stadium besides hosted the Magic Weekend for three straight seasons ( 2012–2014 ). [ 7 ] After a read attendance in 2012 – both for a individual day ( 32,953 ) and the aggregate for the whole weekend ( 63,716 ) – the Etihad Stadium became the venue of option for this annual rugby league event, setting another attendance record ( 36,339/64,552 ) for it in May 2014. however, construction exploit involved with the expansion of the South Stand caused it to be relocated to St. James ‘ Park, Newcastle, for summer 2015. [ 168 ] On 24 May 2008, Stockport bear and doubly IBF and IBO light welterweight ace boxer Ricky Hatton defeated Juan Lazcano in a contest billed as “ Hatton ‘s Homecoming “. The fight was held in front of 56,337 fans, [ 8 ] setting a record attendance for a british box event post World War II. [ 169 ] On 10 October 2015, the stadium hosted a 2015 Rugby World Cup Pool A match between hosts nation England and Uruguay. [ 170 ] England won 60–3 with 50,778 in attendance. [ 171 ]

See besides [edit ]

Notes [edit ]

^ Reduced capacity ascribable to South Stand expansion. Construction shape phasing meant the maximal capacity varied over the course of the temper .
^ Increased capacity due to completion of third grade on South Stand .
^ capacity reduced by 80 seats since 2017/18 season
^ As of 20 January 2020
^ Take That were in the first place scheduled to play three concerts at the Manchester Arena on 26, 27 and 28 May 2017. however following the Manchester Arena bombing on 22 May, the Arena temporarily closed for four months. The three concerts were subsumed into one and held at the Etihad Stadium on 18 June .

References [edit ]

Specific
Bibliography

James, Gary (December 2010). Manchester – A Football History (2nd ed.). Halifax: James Ward Books. ISBN 978-0-9558127-3-6.
James, Gary (January 2006). Manchester City – The Complete Record. Derby: Breedon Books Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85983-512-8.

Further reading

The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture – Comprehensive Edition. Phaidon Press. 11 May 2004. ISBN 0-7148-4312-1.
The Phaidon Atlas of Contemporary World Architecture – Travel Edition. Phaidon Press. 2005. ISBN 0-7148-4450-0.

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