This article is about the men ‘s football golf club. For the women ‘s team, see West Ham United F.C. Women
Football club
Reading: West Ham United F.C. – Wikipedia
West Ham United Football Club is an english master football club based in Stratford, East London that compete in the Premier League, the top tier of English football. The club plays at the London Stadium, having moved from their former home, the Boleyn Ground, in 2016. The club was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks and reformed in 1900 as West Ham United. They moved to the Boleyn Ground in 1904, which remained their home ground for more than a hundred. The team initially competed in the Southern League and Western League before joining the Football League in 1919. They were promoted to the top flight in 1923, when they were besides losing finalists in the first FA Cup Final held at Wembley. In 1940, the club won the inaugural address Football League War Cup. West Ham have been winners of the FA Cup three times ; in 1964, 1975 and 1980, and have besides been runner-up doubly ; in 1923 and 2006. The club have reached two major european finals, winning the european Cup Winners ‘ Cup in 1965 and finishing runner-up in the lapp contest in 1976. West Ham besides won the Intertoto Cup in 1999. They are one of eight clubs never to have fallen below the second grade of English football, spending 63 of 95 league seasons in the lead flight, up to and including the 2020–21 season. The club ‘s highest league side to date came in 1985–86, when they achieved one-third place in the then First Division. Three West Ham players were members of the 1966 World Cup final-winning England team : captain Bobby Moore and goalscorers Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters. The cabaret has a long-standing competition with Millwall, and the fixture between the two teams has gained notoriety for frequent incidents of football vandalism. West Ham adopted their claret and sky amobarbital sodium coloring material schema in the early 1900s, with the most common iteration of a claret shirt and sky blue sky sleeves first base emerging in 1904. [ 3 ]
history
Origins
Earliest club shoot, during its establish year as Thames Ironworks in 1895 The earliest generally accepted incarnation of West Ham United was founded in 1895 as Thames Ironworks F.C., the works team of the largest and end exist shipbuilder on the Thames, Thames Ironworks and Shipbuilding Company, by foreman and local anesthetic league referee Dave Taylor and owner Arnold Hills [ 4 ] and was announced in the Thames Ironworks Gazette of June 1895. Thames Ironworks was based in Leamouth Wharf in Blackwall and Canning Town on both banks of the River Lea, where the Lea meets the Thames. Thames Ironworks built many ships and other structures, the most celebrated being HMS Warrior. The death transport built there was the dreadnought HMS Thunderer in 1912 and the yard closed soon after. The compensate yard of the Castle Shipping Line was a very near neighbor and their exercise team, initially known as the Castle Swifts, would colloquially merge with the Thames Ironworks own team. The team played on a strictly amateur basis for 1895 at least, with a team featuring a number of works employees. Thomas Freeman was a embark fireman and Walter Parks, a clerk. Johnny Stewart, Walter Tranter and James Lindsay were all boilermakers. other employees included William Chapman, George Sage and Fred Chamberlain, arsenic well as apprentice riveting machine Charlie Dove, who was to have a great influence on the club ‘s future at a late go steady. [ 5 ]
      [6] 1895–96 : foremost kit |
Thames Ironworks won the West Ham Charity Cup, contested by clubs in the West Ham vicinity, in 1895, then won the London League in 1897. They turned professional in 1898 upon entering the Southern League Second Division, and were promoted to the First Division at the first gear undertake. [ 7 ] The follow year they came second from bottom, but had established themselves as a in full fledged competitive team. They well fended off the challenge of local rivals Fulham in a delegating play-off, 5–1 in late April 1900 and retained their inaugural Division status. [ 7 ] The team initially played in full dark blue kits, as inspired by Mr. Hills, who had been an Oxford University “ Blue, ” but changed the following season by adopting the sky blue shirts and white shorts combination worn from 1897 to 1899. Following growing disputes over the scat and finance of the club, in June 1900 Thames Ironworks F.C. was disbanded, then about immediately relaunched as West Ham United F.C. — reflecting the West Ham, London zone where they played — on 5 July 1900 with Syd King as their coach and future director Charlie Paynter as his adjunct. Because of the original “ works team ” roots and links ( still represented upon the club badge ), they are inactive known as “ the Irons ” or “ the Hammers ” amongst fans and the media. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
birth of West Ham United ( 1901–1961 )
West Ham United joined the Western League for the 1901 season [ 10 ] while besides continuing to play in the Southern Division 1. In 1907, West Ham were crowned the Western League Division 1B Champions, and then defeated 1A champions Fulham 1–0 to become the western League Overall Champions. [ 10 ] The born-again club continued to play their games at the Memorial Grounds in Plaistow ( funded by Arnold Hills ) but moved to a cant in the Upton Park sphere in the guise of the Boleyn Ground stadium in 1904. West Ham ‘s foremost bet on in their newly home plate was against fierce rivals Millwall ( themselves an Ironworks team, albeit for a rival caller ) drawing a herd of 10,000 and with West Ham running out 3–0 winners, [ 11 ] and as the Daily Mirror wrote on 2 September 1904, “ Favoured by the weather turning very well after fleshy rains of the dawn, West Ham United began their season most auspiciously yesterday evening ; when they beat Millwall by 3 goals to 0 on their modern enclosure at Upton Park. ”
Billie the White Horse, saviour of the 1923 the White Horse, savior of the 1923 FA Cup Final In 1919, even under King ‘s leadership, West Ham gained entrance to the Football League Second Division, their first game being a 1–1 string with Lincoln City, and were promoted to Division One in 1923, besides making it to the first ever FA Cup Final to be held at the old Wembley stadium. Their opponents were Bolton Wanderers. This was besides known as the White Horse Final, then named because an estimate 200,000 people came to see the match ; spilling out on to the flip, which had to be cleared prior to kick-off, by “ Billie, ” a elephantine white horse ( actually grey ) being ridden by personal computer George Scorey. The Cup Final match itself ended 2–0 to Bolton. The team enjoyed blend success in Division 1 but retained their status for ten years and reached the FA Cup semi-final in 1933. [ 12 ] In 1932, the clubhouse was relegated to Division Two [ 13 ] and hanker terminus custodian Syd King was sacked after serving the club in the character of coach for 32 years, and as a player from 1899 to 1903. Following relegation, King had mental health problems. He appeared drunk at a board meet and soon after committed suicide. [ 14 ] He was replaced with his adjunct director Charlie Paynter, who himself had been with West Ham in a total of roles since 1897 and who went on to serve the team in this role until 1950 for a entire of 480 games. The club spend most of the following 30 years in this division, first base under Paynter and then late under the leadership of former player Ted Fenton. Fenton succeeded in getting the clubhouse once again promoted to the top degree of English football in 1958. With the considerable input signal of player Malcolm Allison, Fenton helped develop both the initial batch of future West Ham stars and West Ham ‘s set about to the game. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ]
glory years ( 1961–1978 )
Ron Greenwood was appointed as Fenton ‘s successor in 1961 and soon led the club to two major trophies, winning the 1964 FA Cup Final. The team was led by the young Bobby Moore. West Ham besides won the european Cup Winners ‘ Cup. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] During the 1966 FIFA World Cup, key members of the tournament winners England were West Ham players, including the master, Bobby Moore ; Martin Peters ( who scored in the final ) ; and Geoff Hurst, who scored the first, and entirely, hat-trick in a men ‘s World Cup final. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] All three players had come through the young team at West Ham. [ 22 ] 
Champions statue on Barking Road There is a “ Champions ” statue in Barking Road, opposite The Boleyn Tavern, commemorating West Ham ‘s “ three sons ” who helped win the 1966 World Cup : Bobby Moore, Geoff Hurst and Martin Peters. besides included on the statue is Everton ‘s Ray Wilson. [ 23 ]
They besides won the FA Cup in 1975 by defeating Fulham 2–0. The Fulham team had former England captains Alan Mullery and West Ham legend Bobby Moore. [ 24 ] After a unmanageable startle to the 1974–75 season, Greenwood moved himself “ upstairs ” to become general coach and, without informing the board, appointed his adjunct John Lyall as team coach. [ 25 ] The result was clamant success – the team scored 20 goals in their first four games combined and won the FA Cup, becoming the last team to win the FA Cup with an all-English side when they beat Fulham 2–0 in the 1975 final. [ 26 ] Lyall then guided West Ham to another european Cup Winners ‘ Cup concluding in 1976, though the team lost the peer 4–2 to belgian side Anderlecht. [ 27 ] Greenwood ‘s tenure as general coach lasted less than three years, as he was appointed to manage England in the wake of Don Revie ‘s resignation in 1977. [ 28 ]
Ups and downs ( 1978–2005 )
In 1978, West Ham were again relegated to Division Two, but Lyall was retained as director and led the team to an FA Cup Final succeed against Arsenal in 1980, their survive major respect. They reached the final examination by defeating Everton in the semi-final. [ 29 ] The Hammers won 1–0, with a goal scored from a header by Trevor Brooking in the 13th infinitesimal. [ 30 ] This is luminary as no team outside the top class has won the trophy since. West Ham were promoted to Division One in 1981, and finished in the top ten-spot of the foremost division for the future three seasons before achieving their highest-ever league stopping point of third base in 1985–86 ; a group of players which came to be known as The Boys of 86. however, they suffered relegation again in 1989, which resulted in Lyall ‘s sacking. [ 31 ] He was awarded an ex gratia payment of £100,000 but left the club in what Lyall described as “ upset ” circumstances, meriting only 73 words in a crisp recognition of his service in the club program. Lyall left West Ham after 34 years service. [ 32 ]
annual performance of West Ham since joining the Football League After Lyall, Lou Macari concisely led the team, though he resigned after less than a single season in order to clear his name of allegations of illegal betting while director of Swindon Town. [ 33 ] He was replaced by former actor Billy Bonds. [ 34 ] In Bonds ‘ inaugural full season, 1990–91, West Ham again secured promotion to Division One. now back in the top flight, Bonds saw West Ham through one of their most controversial seasons. With the baseball club plan to introduce a alliance outline, there was push unrest. West Ham finished final and were relegated back to Division Two after entirely one season. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] [ 38 ] however, they rebounded strongly in 1992–93. With Trevor Morley and Clive Allen scoring 40 goals, they guaranteed themselves second place on the last day of the temper with a 2–0 base win against Cambridge United, and with it forwarding to the Premier League. [ 39 ] [ 40 ]
With the team in the Premier League, there was a want to rebuild the team. Oxford United player Joey Beauchamp was recruited for a fee of £1.2 million. shortly after arriving at the club, however, he became infelicitous, citing homesickness from his native Oxford as the reason. Bonds in particular found this attitude unvoiced to understand compared to his own perpetrate, indomitable approach ; providing for Bonds ‘ foster evidence of the decay in the modern bet on and modern musician. [ 41 ] Fifty-eight days subsequently, Beauchamp was signed by Swindon Town for a club-record blend tip of £800,000 which included defender Adrian Whitbread going in the reverse focus. Whitbread was valued at £750,000 in the deal. [ 42 ] Assistant director Harry Redknapp was besides now taking a bigger function in the transfer of players, with the club ‘s approval. With rumor of his old club AFC Bournemouth being prepared to offer him a place, [ 43 ] the West Ham board and their wangle director, Peter Storrie, made a controversial go. The board were anxious not to lose Redknapp ‘s services and offered Bonds a topographic point away from the daily affairs of the club—on the West Ham board. This would have allowed them to appoint Redknapp as director. Bonds refused the post offered and walked away from the club. [ 44 ] His accusations of fraudulence and manipulation by the board and by Redknapp have continued to cause ill-feeling. [ 44 ] Peter Storrie claimed that they had handled the situation correctly, saying, “ If Harry had gone to Bournemouth, there was a full probability Bill would have resigned anyhow, so we were in a no-win position. We ‘re deplorable that Bill is going, and it ‘s a big blow but it ‘s clock time to move on and we have appointed a capital coach. ” [ 45 ] Redknapp became coach on 10 August 1994. [ 46 ] Redknapp ‘s time at West Ham was luminary for the turnover of players during his tenure and for the level of attractive football and success which had not been seen since the managership of John Lyall. Over 134 players passed through the golf club while he was director, producing a final transfer fee deficit of £16 million, despite the £18 million sale of Rio Ferdinand to Leeds United. [ 47 ] Some were notably successful, such as the signings of Stuart Pearce, [ 48 ] Trevor Sinclair, [ 48 ] Paolo Di Canio, [ 48 ] John Hartson, [ 48 ] Eyal Berkovic [ 48 ] and Ian Wright. [ 49 ] meanwhile, some were expensive, international players who failed at West Ham, such as Florin Raducioiu ; [ 48 ] Davor Šuker, who earned angstrom a lot in wages as the gross gained from one integral stand and yet made only eight appearances ; [ 47 ] Christian Bassila, who cost £720,000 and played only 86 minutes of football ; [ 47 ] Titi Camara ; Gary Charles, whose wages amounted to £4.4 million but made only three starts for the club ; [ 47 ] Rigobert Song ; Paulo Futre ; [ 48 ] and Marco Boogers, [ 48 ] a musician often quoted as one of the biggest failures in the Premier League. [ 50 ] His first season in cathexis saw West Ham fighting the threat of relegation until the last few weeks, [ 51 ] while his third temper would besides see another relegation struggle. Always uncoerced to enter the transfer market, Redknapp bought in the winter transfer window John Hartson and Paul Kitson who added the drift needed at the season ‘s end. [ 52 ] In 1999, West Ham finished fifth, their highest position in the clear flight since 1986. [ 48 ] They besides won the Intertoto Cup beating french club Metz to qualify for the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup. [ 48 ] [ 53 ] Things began to falter for Redknapp with the sale for £18 million to Leeds of Rio Ferdinand in November 2000. Redknapp used the transfer money ailing with purchases such as Ragnvald Soma, who cost £800,000 and played merely seven league games, Camara, and Song. Redknapp felt he needed more funds with which to deal in the transfer grocery store. [ 54 ] Chairman Brown lost patience with Redknapp due to his demands for foster transfer funds. In June 2001, called to a meet with Brown expecting to discuss contracts, he was fired. [ 54 ] His assistant Frank Lampard left excessively, making the sale of his son Frank Lampard Jr., inevitable ; [ 54 ] in the summer of 2001, he joined Chelsea for £11 million. [ 55 ] With respective names, such as early player Alan Curbishley, now linked with the job, Chairman Brown recruited from within the club, [ 54 ] appointing reserve team coach Glenn Roeder as director on 9 May 2001. [ 46 ] He had already failed in management with Gillingham, where he lost 22 of the 35 games he managed, and Watford. [ 56 ] His inaugural big signings were the return of Don Hutchison for £5 million [ 57 ] and Czech centre back Tomáš Řepka. [ 58 ] Finishing one-seventh in his first season [ 59 ] Roeder, in his office at Upton Park, suffered a barricade blood vessel in his mind. [ 56 ] [ 60 ] As Roeder needed medical help and convalescence, former loyalist Trevor Brooking stood in as caretaker coach. [ 60 ] Despite not losing another bet on, the Hammers were relegated on the survive day of the season at Birmingham City with a record for a relegate club of 42 points from a 38-game season. Ten seasons of top-tier football were over. [ 61 ] many lead players including Joe Cole, Di Canio and Kanouté all left the clubhouse. The following season, now in the second grade, Roeder resumed his stretch as director. Results were inactive poor, however, and after an away frustration to Rotherham United, he was sacked on 24 August 2003. [ 56 ] Brooking again took over as caretaker. [ 62 ] He lost alone one game, a 2–0 aside get the better of to Gillingham [ 63 ] and is known as “ the best director West Ham never had. ” [ 64 ] Former Crystal Palace musician and coach of Reading Alan Pardew was lined up to be the future workbench knob. Reading and their chair, John Madejski, however, were loath to let him leave. [ 65 ] After serving a period of detect and garden leave, and with West Ham paying Reading £380,000 in recompense, he was appointed director on 18 October 2003, their tenth coach. [ 66 ] Pardew set out to rebuild the side delivery in Nigel Reo-Coker, [ 67 ] Marlon Harewood [ 68 ] and Brian Deane. [ 69 ] In his first season in charge, they made the playoff final examination only to lose to Crystal Palace. [ 70 ] His signings of Bobby Zamora, Matthew Etherington and veterans Chris Powell and Teddy Sheringham saw West Ham finishing one-sixth and subsequently beat Preston North End 1–0 thanks to a Zamora goal in the 2005 playoff final examination, securing a return to the Premier League. [ 71 ] After ensuring forwarding, Pardew said, “ It ‘s a team attempt. We defended well and we ‘re back where we belong. ” [ 72 ]
final examination years at the Boleyn ( 2005–2016 )
On their return to the top division, West Ham finished in one-ninth rate, [ 73 ] The foreground of the 2005–06 temper, however, was reaching the FA Cup final and taking favourites Liverpool to a penalty gunfight after a 3–3 draw. West Ham lost the gunfight, but however gained entry to the following season ‘s UEFA Cup as Liverpool had already qualified for the Champions League. In August 2006, West Ham completed a major coup d’etat on the last day of the transplant window after completing the signings of Carlos Tevez and Javier Mascherano. [ 74 ] The club was finally bought by an Icelandic consortium, led by Eggert Magnússon, in November 2006. [ 75 ] Manager Alan Pardew was sacked after poor form during the temper [ 76 ] and was replaced by erstwhile Charlton Athletic coach Alan Curbishley. [ 77 ] The signings of Mascherano and Tevez were investigated by the Premier League, who were concerned that details of the transfers had been omitted from official records. The club was found guilty and fined £5.5 million in April 2007. [ 78 ] however, West Ham avoided a points deduction which ultimately became critical in their avoidance of relegation at the end of the 2006–07 season. Following on from this event, Wigan Athletic president Dave Whelan, supported by other sides facing possible relegation, including Fulham and Sheffield United, threatened legal military action. [ 79 ] West Ham escaped delegating by winning seven of their last nine games, including a 1–0 winnings over Arsenal, and on the last day of the season defeated newly crowned League Champions Manchester United 1–0 with a goal by Tevez to finish 15th. [ 80 ] In the 2007–08 season, West Ham remained sanely systematically in the lead half of the league table, with Freddie Ljungberg in the team, despite a murder of injuries ; new signing Craig Bellamy missed most of the political campaign, while Kieron Dyer was out from August 2007. [ 81 ] [ 82 ] The death bet on of the temper, at the Boleyn Ground, saw West Ham draw 2–2 against Aston Villa, ensuring a tenth-place stopping point three points ahead of rivals Tottenham Hotspur. It was a five-place improvement on the previous season, and most importantly West Ham were never under any naturalistic threat of relegation. After a course with the board over the sale of defenders Anton Ferdinand and George McCartney to Sunderland, director Alan Curbishley resigned on 3 September 2008. [ 83 ] His successor was former Chelsea striker Gianfranco Zola, who took over on 11 September 2008 to become the club ‘s first non-British coach. [ 84 ] In the 2008–09 season, West Ham finished ninth, a single stead improvement .
In the 2009–10 season, West Ham started strongly with a 2–0 gain over newly promoted Wolverhampton Wanderers with goals from Mark Noble and newly appointed captain Matthew Upson. [ 85 ] A League Cup peer against old rivals Millwall brought about violent riots outside the ground american samoa good as cant invasions and push trouble inside Upton Park. [ 86 ] In August 2009, the fiscal concerns of Icelandic owners parent companies left the stream owners ineffective to provide any funds until a new owner was found. The club ‘s shirt patron SBOBET provided the club with aid to purchase a much needed striker, the italian Alessandro Diamanti. [ 87 ] West Ham had a inadequate temper which involved a drawn-out battle against relegation. [ 88 ] They finally secured their survival with two games remaining by defeating Wigan 3–2. [ 89 ] The club managed to take 35 points from 38 games, seven fewer than the sum they had when relegated seven years prior. [ 88 ] On 11 May 2010, two days after the end of the 2009–10 season, West Ham announced the termination of Zola ‘s contract with immediate effect. [ 90 ] On 3 June 2010, Avram Grant signed a four-year deal to become the adjacent director of West Ham subject to a work let. [ 91 ] West Ham ‘s form continued to be poor with the team rarely outside the relegation zone, [ 92 ] placing Grant ‘s future as director under serious doubt. [ 93 ] A 4–0 Football League Cup quarter-final win over Manchester United was an differently bright spot in a disappointing season. [ 94 ] West Ham ‘s shape in the Premier League did not affect their form in the two domestic cups. The Hammers reached the semi-final of the League Cup before being eliminated by eventual winners Birmingham City a well as the quarter final of the FA cup before a 2–1 frustration at Stoke City. [ 95 ] [ 96 ] On 15 May 2011, West Ham ‘s delegating to the Championship was confirmed after a rejoinder from Wigan at the DW Stadium. With West Ham leading 0–2 at half-time through two Demba Ba goals, Wigan battled rear to win 3–2 thanks to an added-time strike from Charles N’Zogbia. Following the loss, West Ham announced the displace of director Avram Grant just one season into his tenure. [ 97 ] On 1 June 2011, Sam Allardyce was appointed vitamin a coach as Grant ‘s surrogate. [ 98 ] The club finished third in the 2011–12 Football League Championship with 86 points and took partially in the play-offs. They beat cardiff City in the play-off semi-final 5–0 on aggregate to reach the final examination against Blackpool at Wembley on 19 May 2012. Carlton Cole opened the score, and although Blackpool equalised early in the second half, Ricardo Vaz Tê scored the winner for West Ham in the 87th minute. [ 99 ] West Ham, on their hark back to the Premier League, signed early players James Colllins and George McCartney on permanent deals, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as record sign Matt Jarvis and Andy Carroll on loanword. [ 100 ] [ 101 ] [ 102 ] [ 103 ] They won their first base game of the season, on 18 August 2012, 1–0 against Aston Villa thanks to a Kevin Nolan goal. [ 104 ] The highlight of the first half of the season was a 3–1 home acquire against reigning european champions Chelsea on 1 December 2012 which saw them in one-eighth military position [ 105 ] and 12th at the end of the class. [ 106 ] On 22 March 2013, West Ham secured a 99-year lease share on the Olympic Stadium, with it planned to be used as their base grind from the 2016–17 season. [ 107 ] Tenth place was secured at the end of the season with nine home wins and only three away from family. only 11 away goals were scored, the lowest of the stallion league. [ 108 ] In 2013–14, West Ham finished 13th in the Premier League. [ 109 ] They besides reached the semi-finals of the League Cup before losing 9–0 on aggregate to eventual cup-winners Manchester City. [ 110 ] A feature of the season were the criticisms of coach Sam Allardyce by supporters relating to his perceived veto act tactics. [ 111 ] [ 112 ] [ 113 ] West Ham finished 12th in the 2014–15 Premier League, one place higher than the former season. Minutes after the last bet on of the season, on 24 May 2015, the club announced that Allardyce ‘s condense would not be renewed and that they were seeking a new coach. [ 114 ] By winning the Premier League Fair Play table for 2014–15, West Ham qualified for the 2015–16 UEFA Europa League, entering at the foremost qualify round. [ 115 ] On 9 June 2015, early West Ham musician Slaven Bilić was appointed as coach on a three-year contract. [ 116 ] In Bilić ‘s fourth game in charge, the team won at Anfield for the first time in 52 years, beating Liverpool 0–3, with goals from Manuel Lanzini, Mark Noble and Diafra Sakho. [ 117 ] At the end of the season, West Ham finished 7th in the Premier League. The team broke respective records for the club in the Premier League era, including the highest number of points ( 62 ), the highest total of goals in a temper ( 65 ), the fewest games lost in a season ( 8 ) and the lowest phone number of away defeats ( 5 ). [ 118 ] The season besides marked the death season where the team played at the Boleyn Ground, with them moving to the London stadium from adjacent season – ending their 112-year stay at the stadium .
motion to London Stadium and holocene years ( 2016– )
Following Manchester United ‘s win in the 2016 FA Cup Final, West Ham took their Europa League place and qualified for the third qualifying turn of the 2016–17 edition. [ 119 ] At the end of the baffling first season at the London Stadium, the team finished 11th, along with having to deal with the departure of ace man Dimitri Payet. [ 120 ] however, the team suffered a poor start to the following season, taking lone two wins in their opening 11 games. Following a 4–1 defeat to Liverpool at home and with the team threatened by relegation, Bilić was sacked on 6 November 2017. He was replaced by early Sunderland boss David Moyes on a contract till the end of the temper. The team battled discrepant shape for the rest of the temper but managed to avoid relegation and stopping point 13th. Moyes was not offered a modern contract and left the golf club on the termination of it on 16 May 2018. [ 121 ] On 22 May 2018, the golf club appointed early Manchester City knob Manuel Pellegrini as the newfangled director on a three-year softwood compress. [ 122 ] In his first season in accusation, the Hammers finished 10th, once again suffering from inconsistent form. however, after a poor first half to the following season, Pellegrini was sacked in December 2019 with the team only one point above the relegation partition. His last game in charge was a 2–1 home loss to Leicester City. [ 123 ] He was replaced by David Moyes, who returned for a second go in charge a day later. [ 124 ] On 22 July 2020, the club secured their Premier League condition for another season, following a 1–1 draw away to Manchester United. [ 125 ] Ahead of the 2020–21 season, West Ham ‘s ownership attracted criticism, including from clubhouse captain Mark Noble who publicly criticized the sale of academy alumnus Grady Diangana. [ 126 ] Despite losing the opening two games of the season, West Ham ‘s phase improved and by the end of November, the golf club sat in fifth space. [ 127 ] The baseball club would not drop out of a european spot for the rest of the temper and went on to qualify for the 2021–22 UEFA Europa League group stages after finishing in 6th – exceeding many expectations. [ 128 ] Moyes signed a new 3-year contract on 12 June 2021. [ 129 ]
crest
Club crown ( 1987–1998 )
Club crown ( 1998–2016 )
Thames Ironworks FC
The Thames Ironworks Team ( 1895–1900 ) used the Union Flag as its badge .
Rivet Hammers
The star element of the badge is the cross pair of rivet hammers, tools that were used in the shipbuilding industry. The Blackwall and Canning Town neighbourhoods surrounding the Thames Ironworks echoed to the legal of hammers ; steam hammers, sled hammers and rivet hammers. [ 130 ] seven bombastic mechanical steamer hammers would punch small holes near the edges of the iron plates which would be joined to build the ships. The plates would be put in place and fixed together with rivets by teams of five, three inside the emerging vessel and two away. Inside the embark one penis of the team would heat the rivets till they were white hot and, using Iron Fingers ( blacksmith ‘s tongs ), throw them to a second base person known as a ‘catch-boy ‘ or ‘putter-in ‘ who would pick the stud up and place it the hole, besides using tongs. The third person was known as the ‘holder-on ‘ and he would then smash the rivet home with a sixteen-pound maul forge and then use his maul to hold the rivet in space while the men on the other side flattened the other end of the stud. Outside the transport, exposed to the elements, two men with stud hammers – one dextrorotary, one levorotary – would hammer the jutting and hush glowing rivet flat, so securing one of the many points necessity to link each of the ship ‘s boastfully plates. The cross hammers were besides incorporated into the coat of arms of the County Borough of West Ham and those of its successor, the modern London Borough of Newham. [ 131 ] The Thames Ironworks lay partially within what is nowadays the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, however the blacksmith tongs in that Borough ‘s coat of arms represent the local enshrine, Dunstan, the patron enshrine of Stepney and metalworkers, [ 132 ] quite than the Ironworks .
loom
A yellow or white tower was added, intermittently, from the 1950s onwards. [ 133 ] The primary rationality for this seems to be to represent Anne Boleyn’s Tower, the most celebrated feature of speech of Green Street House, an primitively Tudor group of buildings which stood adjacent to the Boleyn Ground until demolished in 1955. green Street House was besides known as Boleyn Castle through an association with Anne Boleyn. The manor was reputedly one of the sites at which Henry VIII courted his second queen, though there is no documentary testify to support the custom. [ 134 ] There are a total of other factors which may have influenced the inclusion body of the stylize palace feature, for case :
harbor
A carapace has been used in many iterations of the clubhouse badge, and the form of the 2016 interpretation matches the cross-section on the hull of HMS Warrior, the most celebrated ship built by the Thames Ironworks. [ 139 ] however examining draftsman ‘s diagrams [ 140 ] of the ship casts doubt on the resemblance between the shield and the transport .
Iterations
The cap was redesigned and updated in the late 1990s, featuring a broad jaundiced castle with fewer cruciate “ windows ” along with the ailing roof being removed ; the tops of the towers had previously made the castle appear more akin to Disneyland ‘s Sleeping Beauty ‘s Castle than a function fortress. The architect besides altered other details to give a more substantial feel to the iconography. [ 141 ] When the golf club rebuilt the west stall of the Boleyn Ground ( construction finished 2001–02 ) the “ palace ” from the redesigned badge was incorporated into the structure at the main entrance to the ground. A pair of towers were outstanding features of the grind ‘s appearance, both bearing boastfully club badges. [ 142 ] A new badge was introduced following the goal of the 2015–16 season, when the golf club moved into the Olympic Stadium. [ 143 ] It removes the Boleyn Castle due to the club moving away, leaving barely the cross hammers, which the club says is inspired by the peak before and during the career of Bobby Moore. The word “ London ” was introduced below to “ establish the club hard on the international stagecoach ”, and the more minimalist access is to give a “ strong statement that is immediately West Ham United ”. The shape of the peak is that of the hull of HMS Warrior, the first ironclad warship in the Royal Navy, which was built by Thames Ironworks. [ 144 ]
Colours
The master color of the team were dark aristocratic, due to Thames Ironworks president Arnold Hills being a former scholar of Oxford University ( see Oxford gloomy ). however, the team used a variety of kits including the claret and flip blue house colors of Thames Ironworks, adenine well as flip blue or white kit. [ 145 ] [ 146 ] The Irons permanently adopted claret and amobarbital sodium for home colours in 1903. [ 147 ] One narrative suggests that Thames Ironworks right-half Charlie Dove received the Aston Villa kit from William Belton, who was a professional sprinter of national think of, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as being involved with the coaching at Thames Ironworks. Belton had been at a fair in Birmingham, close to Villa Park, the home anchor of Aston Villa and was challenged to a subspecies against four villa players, who wagered money that one of them would win. Belton defeated them and, when they were ineffective to pay the bet, one of the Villa players who was creditworthy for washing the team ‘s kit out offered a dispatch team ‘s “ football kits ” to Belton in requital. The Aston Villa musician subsequently reported to his club that the kit was “ missing. ” This, however, is frequently disputed. [ 149 ] Thames Ironworks, and late West Ham United, retained the claret yoke/blue sleeves design, but besides continued to use their previously favoured colours for their aside kits .
Supporters, vandalism and rivalries
Supporters
I ‘m constantly blowing bubbles ,
Pretty bubbles in the air.
They fly so high, nearly reach the sky,
Then like my dreams they fade and die.
Fortune’s always hiding,
I’ve looked everywhere …
I’m forever blowing bubbles,
pretty bubbles in the air.original lyrics to “Bubbles”, from John Helliar[150]
The team ‘s supporters are celebrated for their rendition of the chorus of their team ‘s anthem, “ I ‘m forever Blowing Bubbles “ introduced to the baseball club by early director Charlie Paynter in the late 1920s. A Pears soap commercial featuring the curly haired child in the Millais ‘ “ Bubbles “ was well known at the time. The child resembled a musician, Billy J. “ Bubbles ” Murray, from local schoolboy team, Park School, where the headmaster was Cornelius Beal. Beal was known locally for his music and rhyme and wrote particular words to the tune of “ I ‘m forever Blowing Bubbles ” whenever any player was having a good game. [ 151 ] Beal was a ally of Paynter, while Murray was a West Ham trialist and played football at schoolboy level with a number of West Ham players such as Jim Barrett. Through this contrivance of association the club ‘s fans took it upon themselves to begin singing the popular music manor hall tune before home games, sometimes reinforced by the presence of a house band requested to play the refrain by Charlie Paynter. [ 150 ] The 1975 FA Cup version – which contains the original lyrics, and features vocals from the team ‘s then-current players – is constantly played before base games, with the home crowd connect in and carrying the song on after the music stops at the verse line “ Fortune ‘s constantly obscure ”. [ 152 ] Bubbles was published as a walk-in whereas during the game the herd sing it in common meter. [ 152 ] [ 153 ] Since the 1950s, fans have besides sung the East London public house song Knees Up Mother Brown. The birdcall title is besides the list of an internet forum related to the cabaret. [ 154 ] Like early teams, the team besides have a history of adopting or adapting popular songs of the day to fit particular events, themes, players or personas. These have included unplayful renditions of dramaturgy and movie classics such as “ The Bells are Ringing, ” along with more pun -laden or humorous efforts, such as chanting former musician Paolo Di Canio ‘s name to the canzone “ La donna è mobile “ by Giuseppe Verdi, [ 155 ] or D.I. Canio to the tune of Ottawan ‘s “ D.I.S.C.O. “, or the chant of “ Who Let The Potts Out ? ” to the tune of Baha Men ‘s “ Who Let the Dogs Out ? “ when Steve Potts could be seen warming up to come on as substitute belated on in his career, or “ That ‘s Zamora ” to the tune of Dean Martin ‘s 1953 “ That ‘s Amore “ in honor of early striker Bobby Zamora. other former players to be serenaded include Christian Dailly with vastly-altered lyrics to Frankie Valli ‘s “ Ca n’t Take My Eyes Off You “, [ 156 ] Joe Cole and Carlton Cole with Spandau Ballet ‘s “ Gold “ song championship sing as “ Cole ” [ 157 ] and Luděk Mikloško. ampere song for West Ham darling Bobby Moore, “ Viva Bobby Moore ”, is besides sung based on The Business ‘s “ Oi ! “ rendition of the song, based on The Equals ‘ 1969 spill “ Viva Bobby Joe ”. [ 158 ] In 2016, supporters adapted the lyrics of Billy Ray Cyrus ‘ “ Achy Breaky Heart “ in respect of Dimitri Payet. [ 159 ]
Bow Bells are ringing, for the Claret and Blue,
Bow Bells are ringing, for the Claret and Blue,
When the Hammers are scoring, and the South Bank are roaring,
And the money is pouring, for the Claret and Blue,
Claret and Blue,
No relegation for the Claret and Blue,
Just celebration for the Claret and Blue,
One day we’ll win a cup or two, or three,
Or four or more, for West Ham and the Claret and Blue.Supporters song to the tune of ‘The Bells are Ringing’, circa 1960[160]
When the players come onto the gear, and at other times of celebration, as the sung I’m forever blowing bubbles is being sing, around 60 house of cards machines produce ample bubbles that rise senior high school into the stadium. [ 161 ] Fans gained national attention after giving a ardent meter to David Beckham in his first base away match of 1998–99 the season after the England midfielder was sent off for a cranky pollute on Diego Simeone. [ 162 ] Coinciding with the game, there were claims ( and an persona taken ) that fans, organised by a hard-core, had hung an effigy of the player outside a local public house. Although it was late revealed that the public house was in South-East London, the heartland of West Ham ‘s greatest rivals Millwall. The West Ham fans did, however, boo Beckham ‘s every touch of the ball during the game. [ 163 ] They have besides displayed a particular zeal when it comes to abusing former players particularly those who are perceived to have abandoned the club, or performed some disservice. excellently Paul Ince, [ 164 ] [ 165 ] Frank Lampard, [ 166 ] Jermain Defoe, [ 167 ] and Nigel Reo-Coker [ 168 ] have borne the brunt of verbal assaults and a guaranteed hostile reception at Upton Park. however, players such as Joe Cole, Michael Carrick, Rio Ferdinand, Bobby Zamora and Carlos Tevez get applause and even standing ovations in honor of their contributions during their time at the club. Joe Cole subsequently rejoined West Ham from Liverpool midway through the 2012–13 season. [ 169 ]
West Ham fans display their rosettes, scarves and novelty hammers at an FA Cup equal in 1933
vandalism
The origins of West Ham ‘s links with form football-related violence starts in the 1960s with the institution of The Mile End Mob ( named after an area of the East end of London ). [ 170 ] During the 1970s and 1980s ( the main earned run average for unionize football-related violence ), West Ham gained further notoriety for the levels of vandalism in their fan al-qaeda and antagonistic behavior towards both their own and equal fans, and the patrol. During the 1970s in particular, equal groups of West Ham fans from neighbouring areas often did conflict with each early at games, most much groups from the neighbor districts of Barking and Dagenham. [ 171 ] The Inter City Firm were one of the first “ casuals “, so called because they avoided police supervision by not wearing football-related clothing and travelled to away matches on even InterCity trains, quite than on the bum and more tightly policed “ football special ” charter trains. The group were an ill-famed West Ham-aligned gang. As the firm ‘s nickname “ bury city ” suggests violent activities were not confined to local derbies – the hooligans were content to cause trouble at any game, though nearby teams much bore the brunt. [ 171 ] Both the 1989 film The Firm ( starring Gary Oldman ), [ 172 ] and the 2005 film Green Street ( starring Elijah Wood and Charlie Hunnam ) are based upon West Ham bully firms. [ 173 ]
Rivalries
West Ham have potent rivalries with respective other clubs. Most of these are with other London clubs, particularly with Tottenham Hotspur in an East versus North London derby [ 174 ] and with Chelsea in an East versus West London competition. The competition between West Ham and Tottenham has been fuelled by players such as Michael Carrick, Martin Peters, Paul Allen, Jermain Defoe and Scott Parker leaving the Hammers to join Tottenham. The competition deepened with the appointment of former Hammers director Harry Redknapp as Tottenham ‘s director. [ 175 ] Since the 2006–07 Premier League temper, West Ham have developed a potent competition with Yorkshire club Sheffield United due to the dubious circumstances surrounding the transfer of Carlos Tevez, who helped West Ham avoid delegating at Sheffield United ‘s expense. [ 176 ] [ 177 ]
The oldest and fiercest competition is with Millwall. The two sides are local rivals, having both been founded by employees of local companies, with players living in the lapp localities. The early history of both clubs are intertwined, with West Ham proving to be the more successful in a number of meetings between the two teams at the time, resulting in West Ham being promoted at the expense of Millwall. Millwall later declined to join the fledgling Football League while West Ham went on to the top division and an FA Cup final examination. Later in the 1920s, the competition was intensified during strike action which Isle of Dogs -based companies ( i.e., Millwall fans ) refused to support, breeding ill will between the two camps, the bitterness of this treachery enduring for years. In 1972, a Millwall garter died at New Cross station after falling out of a caravan during a competitiveness with West Ham fans. [ 178 ] The competition between West Ham and Millwall has involved considerable violence and is one of the most ill-famed within the populace of football vandalism. The teams were drawn against each other in the second beat of the 2009–10 League Cup and met on 25 August 2009 at Upton Park. This was the first time in four years that the two clubs had played each other, and the first ever in the League Cup. Clashes between fans occurred outside the grind, resulting in ferocity erupting up to half a nautical mile away from the stadium, with dangerous injuries, including the knife of a Millwall supporter, damage to property and several arrests reported by patrol. There were besides several pitch invasions by West Ham supporters which brought a impermanent arrest to the game. [ 179 ] In January 2010, West Ham were fined after being found guilty of violent, threatening, lewd and provocative behavior and of failing to prevent their fans entering the field of act. Millwall were cleared of all charges. [ 180 ]
Nicknames
The team and supporters are known as The Hammers, in part because of the club ‘s origins as Thames Ironworks. [ 181 ] They are besides known as The Irons [ 181 ] and The Cockney Boys. [ 182 ] other nicknames are The Academy of Football, or just The Academy. [ 183 ]
stadium
West Ham moved into the Olympic Stadium in 2016
Panorama of the interior of the London stadium
West Ham and Domžale enter the flip for first always football plot at London Stadium Until 2016, West Ham were based at the Boleyn Ground, normally known as Upton Park, in Newham, East London. The capability of the Boleyn Ground was 35,016, [ 184 ] and had been West Ham ‘s grind since 1904. Prior to this, in their previous embodiment of Thames Ironworks, they played at Hermit Road in Canning Town and briefly at Browning Road in East Ham, before moving to the Memorial Grounds in Plaistow in 1897. They retained the stadium during their conversion to becoming West Ham United and were there for a further four seasons before moving to the Boleyn Ground in 1904. Former president Eggert Magnússon made clear his ambition for West Ham to move to the Olympic Stadium after the 2012 Summer Olympics, a desire reiterated by current chairmen Gold and Sullivan when they assumed master of the club stating that they felt it was a coherent move for the Government as it was in the borough of Newham. In February 2010, however, the british Olympic Minister stated that West Ham would not get the stadium, and it would alternatively be used for track and field. [ 185 ] On 17 May 2010, West Ham and Newham London Borough Council submitted a courtly plan to the Olympic Park Legacy Company for the use of the Olympic Stadium following the 2012 Summer Olympics. The proposal was for a stadium with a capability of 60,000 which would retain a contest athletics track. The proposal was welcomed by the chair of UK athletics, Ed Warner, who said, “ I think it will feel capital as a football stadium and I speak as a football fan adenine well the president of UK Athletics. I think you ‘d find West Ham would cover the racetrack in the winter season so it would n’t look like you had a lead between you and the pitch. ” [ 186 ] [ 187 ] On 30 September 2010, the club formally submitted its bid for the Olympic Stadium with a presentation at 10 Downing Street, [ 188 ] and on 8 October 2010 the populace ‘s largest know entertainment company, Live Nation, endorsed the club ‘s Olympic Stadium plans. [ 189 ] Three days after alive nation ‘s endorsement, UK Athletics confirmed its conventional support for West Ham United and Newham Council in their joint wish to take over the Olympic Stadium in bequest mode. [ 190 ] In November 2010, West Ham began a search for potential developers for “ informal discussions ” about what would happen to the ground if it were to win its command to take over the Olympic Stadium after the 2012 Games. According to the golf club, the locate could be vacated and open to redevelopment by summer 2014. [ 191 ] On 11 February 2011, the Olympic Park Legacy Committee selected West Ham as the favored club to move into the Olympic Stadium after the 2012 Games. [ 192 ] [ 193 ] The decision in favor of West Ham ‘s bid was solid, [ 194 ] although controversial as local anesthetic rivals Tottenham Hotspur had besides been bidding for the venue. [ 195 ] Hopes of moving to the stadium, however, were since placed under doubt following a legal challenge by Tottenham and Leyton Orient, with Leyton Orient cowardly that having West Ham playing less than a mile aside from their Brisbane Road ground could steal confirm from the club and put them out of commercial enterprise. [ 196 ] Both clubs ‘ entreaty for a judicial review, however, were rejected on 23 June 2011. [ 197 ] On 3 March 2011, West Ham ‘s proposed move to the Olympic Stadium was formally approved by the british government and Mayor of London Boris Johnson. On 8 June 2011, it was confirmed that the Westfield Shopping Centre had been in detail talks with West Ham for naming rights of the new Olympic stadium which could be called the Westfield Stadium. [ 198 ] West Ham announced plans to move from the Boleyn Ground from the 2014–15 season. [ 199 ] In August 2011, an independent investigation initiated by the Olympic Park Legacy Company upheld the decision to award West Ham the Olympic Stadium after the 2012 Games. [ 200 ] On 29 June 2011, however, Tottenham announced that they were returning to the High Court again to fight the decision to award West Ham the stadium, in an oral listen, to try to overturn the original High Court appeal being rejected. [ 201 ] On 25 August 2011, Tottenham and Leyton Orient were in fact granted a judicial review by the high Court into the Olympic Stadium offer process. [ 202 ] On 11 October 2011, the deal to award West Ham the Olympic Stadium collapsed over concerns of legal pressure, with the politics deciding that the stadium will stay in public possession. [ 203 ] Six days late, Tottenham and Leyton Orient announced they had ended their legal challenge after the consider collapsed. [ 204 ] once the original deal collapsed, a newfangled march to select a tenant was begun. West Ham immediately announced plans to become tenants of the stadium. [ 205 ] By March 2012, West Ham was one of the four bidders for the Stadium. With a decision due by the Olympic Park Legacy Company in May 2012, Mayor of London Boris Johnson delayed the final selection of future tenants until completion of the 2012 Summer Olympics, stating that it was “ overwhelmingly likely ” that the tenants would be West Ham. [ 206 ] [ 207 ] It was announced on 22 March 2013 that West Ham had signed a 99-year lease for the Olympic Stadium after the government agreed to put in an supernumerary £1 million towards the costs of converting the web site. The club ‘s design was to move into the stadium anterior to the startle of the 2016–17 season. [ 208 ] Supporters of rival clubs had pressed for an question into the grant of West Ham ‘s occupancy, arguing that West Ham were being given an unfair advantage by the agreement. In September 2015, however, the politics rejected holding such an question. [ 209 ]
“ academy of Football ” The cabaret promotes the popular estimate of West Ham being “ The Academy of Football “, with the nickname adorning the grind ‘s raw stadium façade. The comment predominantly refers to the cabaret ‘s youth exploitation system which was established by director Ted Fenton during the 1950s, that has seen a phone number of international players emerge through the ranks. [ 210 ] Most notably, the club contributed three players to the World Cup-winning England slope of 1966, including club icon Bobby Moore, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as Martin Peters and Geoff Hurst who between them scored all of England ‘s goals in the eventual 4–2 victory. other academy players that have gone on to play for England have included Trevor Brooking, Alvin Martin, Tony Cottee and Paul Ince. Since the late 1990s, Rio Ferdinand, Frank Lampard, Joe Cole, Michael Carrick and Glen Johnson began their careers at West Ham and all went on to play for much bigger clubs. Most recently, the likes of beginning teamers Mark Noble and James Tomkins, ampere well as Welsh international Jack Collison, have emerged through the Academy. Frustratingly for fans and managers alike, [ 211 ] the golf club has struggled to retain many of these players due to ( predominantly ) fiscal reasons. [ 212 ] West Ham, during the 2007–08 season, had an average of 6.61 english players in the originate line up, higher than any early Premier League cabaret, [ 213 ] which cemented their status as one of the few Premier League club left that were recognised to be bringing through young English endowment and were recognised as having “ homegrown players. ” between 2000 and 2011, the club produced eight England players, adenine many as Manchester United and one fewer than Arsenal. [ 214 ] much of the achiever of The Academy has been attributed to Tony Carr, who was West Ham youth coach between 1973 and 2014. [ 215 ]
Players
First-team team
- As of 9 December 2021[216]
note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
Out on loanword
note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .
Under-23s
erstwhile players
retire numbers
cabaret captains
West Ham dream team
In the 2003 book The Official West Ham United Dream Team, 500 fans were quizzed for who would be in their all time Hammers Eleven. The vote was restricted to players from the modern era .
Hammer of the year
The watch is a list of recipients of the ‘Hammer of the Year ‘ award. [ 219 ] The inaugural award, to Andy Malcolm in 1957–58, was nominated by a diarist at The Stratford Express. subsequent recipients would be awarded the claim after a vote by supporters. [ 220 ] Trevor Brooking was the first musician for West Ham United to have been honoured with the championship of Hammer of the Year three times in a row in 1976, 1977 and 1978. Scott Parker repeated this feat between 2009 and 2011. [ 221 ] Brooking has won the award the most times, on five occasions : 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978 and 1984. Bobby Moore, Billy Bonds and julian Dicks have each won it four times. Bobby Moore has been runner-up four times, while Billy Bonds and Tony Cottee have both been runner-up three times. Billy Bonds and Trevor Brooking ‘s wins are noteworthy in the measure of time between first and final Hammer of the Year award. Bonds has 16 years separating his wins whilst Brooking has 12 .
Lifetime Achievement Award
In 2013, West Ham United introduced a modern annual award, the West Ham United Lifetime Achievement Award. The first award was presented to club-record appearance godhead Billy Bonds, who picked up the award on the flip at Upton Park before kick-off against Cardiff City on the possibility day of the 2013–14 season. [ 222 ] The 2014 award was presented to Sir Trevor Brooking, a record five-time winner of the Hammer of the Year award. Brooking received the award before the 2014–15 temper curtain-raiser against Tottenham Hotspur on 16 August 2014. [ 223 ] Brooking had already had the Centenary Stand at the Boleyn ground named after him in 2009. The 2015 award was awarded to Martin Peters. [ 224 ] On 3 May 2016, it was announced via the cabaret ‘s official web site that the fourth recipient of the prize would be Sir Geoff Hurst, the clubhouse ‘s second all-time leading goalscorer, and scorer of a hat-trick in the 1966 World Cup Final. Hurst would be honoured at the club ‘s 2015/16 Player Awards Ceremony. [ 225 ] Ken Brown became the sixth recipient role of the prize, in April 2018. [ 226 ] The 2019 honor was awarded to midfielder Ronnie Boyce who made his debut for West Ham in 1960. [ 227 ]
current staff
- As of 10 November 2021
Staff and directors [ 228 ]
Coaching staff [ 229 ] [ 230 ] [ 231 ]
Managers
West Ham United have had 17 permanent wave managers in their history and an extra three caretaker managers .
ownership and chairmen
In January 2010, David Sullivan and David Gold acquired a 50 % share in West Ham, given them overall functional and commercial control. [ 235 ] At the end of May 2010, Gold and Sullivan purchased a further 10 % bet on in the club at a cost of £8 million. Taking their controlling post to 60 %, they announced that they could open up shares for fans to purchase. [ 236 ] On 9 August 2010, Gold and Sullivan increased their shares up to 30.6 % each with “ minority investors ”, ( which included early owner Terry Brown, purchasing a far 3.8 % of the clubhouse at a price of around −4 million ) leaving Icelandic Straumur Investment Bank owning 35 % of the club. [ 237 ] On 2 July 2013, Sullivan acquired a foster 25 % of shares after restructuring the debt of the club, leaving Straumur Bank with precisely 10 %. [ 238 ] In order to clear golf club debts before a move to the Olympic Stadium in 2016, in December 2014 Sullivan announced the handiness for sale of 20 % of the club. [ 239 ] The clear of club debts, given in July 2013 as £70 million, was given as a pre-condition to a move to the Olympic Stadium. [ 240 ] On 10 November 2021, the club announced Czech billionaire Daniel Křetínský had acquired 27 % of the shares of the club, reducing Gold and Sullivan ‘s shares at the club. [ 241 ]
european phonograph record
Honours
here is the honor the club has always won. [ 242 ]
domestic
wartime
As Thames Ironworks F.C .
european
International
early
Statistics and records
attendance
Transfers
- Biggest Transfer fee paid: £45 million to Eintracht Frankfurt for Sébastien Haller, 17 July 2019[249]
- Biggest Transfer fee received: £25 million from Marseille for Dimitri Payet, 29 January 2017[250]
record results and performances
Victories
Defeats
Club league highs and lows
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|
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Club goal records
- Most league goals in a season:
- 101, Division Two (1957–58)
- Top league scorer in a season:
- Vic Watson (42) Div. One (1929–30)
- Top scorer in a season:
- Vic Watson (50) Div. One (1929–30)
- Most goals in one match:
- Vic Watson (6) v Leeds United (h) 9 February 1929
- Geoff Hurst (6) v Sunderland (h) 19 October 1968
Follow link to Official West Ham United Records Page [ 251 ] | style= ” width:80px ; ” | | valign= ” clear ” |
player records
In popular acculturation
- In a Monty Python sketch four communist thinkers and leaders appear on a news show World Forum, where they are asked football questions. Karl Marx fails to identify the nickname “the Hammers” as the nickname for West Ham.[252]
- For the IT Crowd episode “Are We Not Men” Roy pretends to enjoy football and claims to be a follower of West Ham, thinking he made the team up. Instead, it turns out everyone at the table is a supporter and they invite him to a match.[253]
- In the final episode of season two of Ted Lasso, “Inverting the Pyramid of Success”, former Richmond owner Rupert Mannion buys West Ham and installs Richmond’s former kitman-turned-coach, Nate Shelley, as the head coach.[254]
See besides
References
bibliography
- Belton, Brian (2007). “BROWN OUT”: The Biography of West Ham Chairmen, Terence Brown. Pennant Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906015-11-4.
- Belton, Brian (2006). West Ham United Miscellany. Pennant Books. ISBN 978-0-9550394-4-7.
- Blows, Kirk & Hogg, Tony (2000). The Essential History of West Ham United. Headline. ISBN 978-0-7472-7036-2.
- Hellier, John & Leatherdale, Clive (2000). West Ham United: The Elite Era – A Complete Record. Desert Island. ISBN 978-1-874287-31-5.
- Hogg, Tony (2005). Who’s Who of West Ham United. Profile Sports Media. ISBN 978-1-903135-50-1.
- Kerrigan, Colm (1997). Gatling Gun George Hilsdon. Football Lives. ISBN 978-0-9530718-0-7.
- Korr, Charles (1986). West Ham United: the Making of a Football Club. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-01405-5.
- Nawrat, Chris & Hutchings, Steve (1996). The Sunday Times Illustrated History of Football. Hamlyn. ISBN 978-1-85613-341-8.
- Pickering, David (1994). The Cassell Soccer Companion. Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-34231-0.
- Redknapp, Harry With Derek McGovern (1998). Harry Redknapp – My Autobiography. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-218872-2.
- Ward, Adam & Smith, Dave (2003). The Official West Ham United Dream Team. Hamlyn. ISBN 978-0-600-60835-6.
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