Professional Italian association football club

football golf club
Associazione Sportiva Roma ( BIT : ASR, LSE : 0MT1 ; Rome Sport Association ), normally referred to as Roma ( italian pronunciation : [ ˈroːma ] ), is an italian master football club based in Rome. Founded by a amalgamation in 1927, Roma have participated in the top-tier of italian football for all of their universe except for the 1951–52 season. Roma have won Serie A three times, in 1941–42, 1982–83 and 2000–01, american samoa well as nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles. In european competitions, Roma has won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960–61 and were runners-up in the 1983–84 european Cup and the 1990–91 UEFA Cup.

Reading: A.S. Roma

fifteen players have won the FIFA World Cup while playing at Roma : Ferraris, Guaita and Masetti ( 1934 ) ; Donati, Monzeglio and Serantoni ( 1938 ) ; Bruno Conti ( 1982 ) ; Rudi Voller and Berthold ( 1990 ) ; Aldair ( 1994 ) ; Candela ( 1998 ) ; Cafu ( 2002 ) ; Daniele De Rossi, Simone Perrotta and Francesco Totti ( 2006 ). Since 1953, Roma have played their home plate matches at the Stadio Olimpico, a venue they partake with city rivals Lazio. With a capacity of over 72,000, it is the second-largest of its kind in Italy, with only the San Siro able to seat more. The baseball club design to move to a new stadium, though it is however to start construction. Having a firm local competition, Roma and Lazio contest Derby della Capitale. The club ‘s home colours are cardinal red and golden chicken, which gives Roma their nickname “ I Giallorossi “ ( “ The Yellow and Reds ” ). These colours have much been combined with egg white shorts. Their cabaret badge features a she-wolf, an allusion to the founding myth of Rome .

history

A.S. Roma was founded in the spring of 1927 when Italo Foschi [ 2 ] initiated the amalgamation of three older italian Football Championship clubs from the city of Rome : Roman FC, SS Alba-Audace and Fortitudo-Pro Roma SGS. [ 2 ] Italo Foschi was an crucial Roman representative of the ruling National Fascist Party. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The aim of the fusion was to give the italian capital a solid clubhouse to rival that of the more dominant Northern Italian club of the time. [ 2 ] The alone major Roman club to resist the fusion was Lazio because of the treatment of the united states army General Vaccaro, a member of the baseball club and executive of italian Football Federation. All three founding clubs were relegated, but the fascist-aligned FIGC stake over the capacity of the fresh team to give a stronger representation to the capital of Italy, and they were awarded a rampantly card for the Divisione Nazionale, the Serie A harbinger. The club played its earliest seasons at the Motovelodromo Appio stadium, [ 5 ] before settling in the propertyless streets of Testaccio, where it built an all-wooden establish Campo Testaccio ; this was opened in November 1929. [ 6 ] An early temper in which Roma made a large score was the 1930–31 championship, where the cabaret finished as runner-up behind Juventus. [ 7 ] Captain Attilio Ferraris, along with Guido Masetti, Fulvio Bernardini and Rodolfo Volk, were highly important players during this period. [ 8 ]

first style victory and refuse

The Roma of the foremost scudetto in 1942 After a slump in league form and the deviation of senior high school winder players, Roma finally rebuilt their squad adding goalscorers such as the Argentine Enrique Guaita. [ 9 ] Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman cabaret came conclude to their beginning title in 1935–36, finishing fair one decimal point behind champions Bologna. [ 10 ] Roma returned to form after being inconsistent for much of the late 1930s. Roma recorded an unexpected title prevail in the 1941–42 season by winning their first Scudetto title. [ 11 ] The 18 goals scored by local player Amedeo Amadei were substantive to the Alfréd Schaffer -coached Roma side winning the title. At the time, Italy was involved in World War II and Roma were playing at the Stadio del Partito Nazionale Fascista. [ 12 ] In the years precisely after the war, Roma were unable to recapture their league stature from the early 1940s. Roma finished in the lower half of Serie A for five seasons in a row, before finally succumbing to their only ever relegation to Serie B at the conclusion of the 1950–51 season, [ 7 ] [ 13 ] around a decade after their championship victory. Under future Italy national team director Giuseppe Viani, promotion straight back up was achieved. [ 14 ] After returning to the Serie A, Roma managed to stabilise themselves as a top-half club again with players such as Egisto Pandolfini, Dino Da Costa and Dane Helge Bronée. [ 7 ] Their best stopping point of this period was under the management of Englishman Jesse Carver, when in 1954–55, they finished as runner-up after Udinese, who primitively finished second were relegated for corruption. [ 7 ] Although Roma were unable to break into the peak four during the succeed ten, they did achieve some measure of cup success. Their first honor outside of Italy was recorded in 1960–61 when Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup by defeating Birmingham City 4–2 in the finals. [ 15 ] A few years late, Roma won their first Coppa Italia trophy in 1963–64 after defeating Torino 1–0. [ 16 ] Their lowest point came during the 1964–65 temper, when director Juan Carlos Lorenzo announced the club could not pay its players and was improbable to be able to afford to travel to Vicenza to fulfil its adjacent fastness. Supporters kept the golf club going with a fundraiser at the Sistine Theatre and bankruptcy was avoided with the election of a new club president Franco Evangelisti. Their second Coppa Italia trophy was won in 1968–69, when it competed in a small, league-like organization. [ 16 ] Giacomo Losi set a Roma appearance commemorate in 1969 with 450 appearances in all competitions, a record that would last 38 years. [ 17 ]

meter of assorted fortunes

Roma were able to add another cup to their collection in 1972, with a 3–1 victory over Blackpool in the Anglo-Italian Cup. [ 18 ] During much of the 1970s, Roma ‘s appearance in the top half of Serie A was sporadic. The best put the club were able to achieve during the ten was third in 1974–75. [ 7 ] celebrated players who turned out for the baseball club during this period included midfielders Giancarlo De Sisti and Francesco Rocca. The dawn of a newly successful era in Roma ‘s footballing history was brought in with another Coppa Italia victory, they defeated Torino on penalties to win the 1979–80 edition. [ 16 ] Roma would reach heights in the league which they had not touched since the 1940s by narrowly and controversially finish up as runner-up to Juventus in 1980–81. [ 19 ] Former Milan actor Nils Liedholm was the coach at the time, with players such as Bruno Conti, Agostino Di Bartolomei, Roberto Pruzzo and Falcão. [ 20 ]
Scudetto in 1983 The Roma of the secondin 1983 The second Scudetto did not elude Roma for much longer. In 1982–83, the Roman club won the championship for the first time in 41 years, amidst celebrations in the capital. [ 21 ] The following season, Roma finished as runner-up in Italy [ 7 ] and collected a Coppa Italia title, [ 16 ] they besides finished as runner-up in the european Cup final of 1984. [ 22 ] The european Cup final examination with Liverpool ended in a 1–1 draw with a goal from Pruzzo, but Roma finally lost in the penalty shoot-out. [ 22 ] Roma ‘s successful run in the 1980s would finish with a runner-up spot in 1985–86 [ 7 ] and a Coppa Italia victory, beating out Sampdoria 3–2. [ 16 ] After, a relative decline began in the league, one of the few league highs from the follow period being a third-place finish in 1987–88. [ 7 ] At the originate of the 1990s, the club was involved in an all-Italian UEFA Cup final, where they lost 2–1 to Internazionale in 1991. [ 23 ] The lapp season, the club won its one-seventh Coppa Italia [ 16 ] and ended runner-up to Sampdoria in the Supercoppa Italiana. away from finishing runner-up to Torino in a Coppa Italia final examination, [ 16 ] the rest of the decade was largely sub-par in the history of Roma, particularly in the league, where the highest they could manage was fourthly in 1997–98. [ 7 ] The early 1990s besides saw the emergence of homegrown hitter Francesco Totti, who would go on to be an significant member of the team and the club ‘s iconic captain .

In the new millennium

2000–2010

17 June 2001 – Roma-Parma 3–1 : Roma won their third italian backing in its history. Fans of the Curva Sud are overjoyed Roma returned to form in the 2000s, beginning the decade in great style by winning their third Serie A title in 2000–01. The Scudetto was won on the final sidereal day of the temper after defeating Parma 3–1, edging Juventus by two points. [ 7 ] The club ‘s captain, Francesco Totti, was a large argue for the championship victory and he would become one of the main heroes in the golf club ‘s history, [ 20 ] going on to break respective club records. [ 20 ] other significant players during this menstruation included Aldair, Cafu, Gabriel Batistuta and Vincenzo Montella. [ 24 ] The club attempted to defend the title in the be season but ended as runner-up to Juventus by one steer. [ 7 ] This would be the originate of Roma finishing as runner-up several times in both Serie A and Coppa Italia during the 2000s – they lost out 4–2 to Milan in the Coppa Italia final examination of 2003 [ 16 ] and lost to Milan again by finishing second in Serie A for the 2003–04 season. [ 7 ] The baseball club besides re-capitalized several time in 2003–04 season. In November 2003, €37.5 million was injected by “ Roma 2000 ” to cover the half-year personnel casualty and loss carried from previous year. [ 25 ] and again on 30 June for €44.57 million. [ 26 ] Through neckcloth marketplace, a foster €19.850 million of new shares issued, and at the class goal, the share das kapital was €19.878 million, [ 27 ] which was unaltered as of 2011. The following season besides saw the deviation of Walter Samuel for €25 million and Emerson for €28 million, which decreased the military capability of the team. The Giallorossi therefore finished in eighth place, one of the worst of recent seasons .
On 9 July 2006, Roma ‘s Francesco Totti, Daniele De Rossi and Simone Perrotta were part of the Italy national team which defeated France in the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final. [ 28 ] A Serie A scandal was revealed during 2006 ; Roma were not one of the teams involved. After punishments were issued, Roma was re-classified as runner-up for 2005–06, [ 29 ] the same season they finished second in the Coppa Italia losing to Internazionale. [ 16 ] In the two following seasons, 2006–07 and 2007–08, Roma finished as Serie A runner-up, meaning that in the 2000s, Roma have finished in the top two positions more than any other decade in their history. [ 30 ] interim, in the UEFA Champions League during both of these seasons, they reached the quarter-finals before going out to Manchester United. Despite the sloppy start in the 2008–09 Champions League, Roma managed to reach the knockout phase ahead of Chelsea in their group, frankincense finishing for the first clock time in their history as winners of the group phase. however, the Giallorossi, would lose to Arsenal in the knockout phase on penalty kicks, ending their Champions League campaign. After a disappointing start to the 2009–10 season, Claudio Ranieri replaced Luciano Spalletti as steer coach. At the meter of the switch, Roma lay buttocks of the Serie A table after losses to Juventus and Genoa. Despite this reverse, Roma would late embark on an incredible unbeaten streak of 24 matches in the league – with the last of the 24 being a 2–1 win over rivals Lazio, whereby Roma came from 1–0 devour at half-time to defeat their city rivals after Ranieri bravely substituted both Totti and De Rossi at the interval. [ 31 ] The Giallorossi were on top of the board at one period, before a loss to Sampdoria late in the season. Roma would finish runner-up to Internazionale yet again in both Serie A and the Coppa Italia. This rounded out a highly successful decade in Roma ‘s history, following reasonably mediocre results of the 1990s. During the 2000s, Roma had ultimately recaptured the Scudetto, two Coppa Italia trophies, and their foremost two Supercoppa Italiana titles. other luminary contributions to the club ‘s history have included a tax return to the Champions League quarter-finals ( in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 editions ) since 1984, six runners up positions in the league, four Coppa Italia finals and three Supercoppa finals – marking Roma ‘s greatest always ten .

The “ AS Roma SPV LLC ” era

In the summer of 2010, the Sensi family agreed to relinquish their control of Roma as part of a debt-settlement agreement. This brought an end to the presidential reign of the Sensi family, who had presided over the cabaret since 1993. Until a fresh owner was appointed, Rosella Sensi would continue her directorial function of the club. The 2010–11 season had once again seen Roma start off with shuffle fortunes on both a domestic and european tied. These admit losses against Cagliari, Brescia and a 2–0 kill against Bayern Munich in the group stages of the Champions League, a meet which saw coach Claudio Ranieri openly criticized by his players. however, these were accompanied by victories against Inter and a sensational victory against Bayern Munich in the render fastness, which saw Roma fight back from 0–2 down at half-time to emerge as 3–2 winners. Following a series of poor results that saw Roma betroth in a winless-streak of five back-to-back matches, Ranieri resigned as head coach in February 2011, and former striker Vincenzo Montella was appointed as caretaker director until the end of the season. It was besides during this season that Roma icon Francesco Totti scored his two-hundredth Serie A goal against Fiorentina in March 2011, becoming only the sixth musician to achieve such a feat .
On 16 April 2011, the coup d’etat compress was closed with an american investment group led by Thomas R. DiBenedetto, with James Pallotta, Michael Ruane and Richard D’Amore as partners. DiBenedetto became the 22nd president of the united states of the club, serving from 27 September 2011 to 27 August 2012 and was succeeded by Pallotta. [ 32 ] The new intercede holding company, NEEP Roma Holding, was 60 % owned by American ‘s “ AS Roma SPV, LLC ” and the rest ( 40 % ) was retained by the creditor of Sensi, UniCredit. In sour, NEEP owned all shares held previously by Sensi ( about 67 % ) with the respite free float in the stock marketplace. UniCredit later disinvested NEEP Roma Holding to sell to “ AS Roma SPV, LLC ” and Pallotta. The raw ownership immediately went into effect by making significant changes in the club, hiring Walter Sabatini as director of football and former Spanish international and Barcelona B coach Luis Enrique as coach. The beginning high-profile player signings from the couple were attacking midfielder Erik Lamela from River Plate, forward Bojan from Barcelona, goalkeeper Maarten Stekelenburg from Ajax and free-swimming defender Gabriel Heinze. The club besides sold and released defender John Arne Riise, goalkeeper Doni and forwards Jérémy Ménez and Mirko Vučinić. At the fiscal level, the company had recapitalised for more than €100 million, the last recapitalisation occurring in the early 2000s. Roma, however, was eliminated from 2011–12 UEFA Europa League play-off orotund. After the dinner dress takeover on 18 August, Roma bought fore Dani Osvaldo, midfielders Miralem Pjanić and Fernando Gago and defender Simon Kjær, equally well as child Fabio Borini, which cost the cabaret more than €40 million. In 2012, Pallotta became the fresh president. The 2012–13 pre-season started with the June hire of erstwhile director Zdeněk Zeman. Zeman replaced Luis Enrique who resigned at the end of the 2011–12 season. Luis Enrique ‘s alone season predominate had seen the disappoint loss to Slovan Bratislava in the UEFA Europa League, ampere well as the inability to qualify for external competitions for the 2012–13 season. Roma finally finished seventh, losing the Europa League chase to rivals Lazio, Napoli and Internazionale. Zeman brought back his high-scoring 4–3–3 formation and his hard solve ethic which successfully guided former team Pescara to the Serie A. however, he was sacked on 2 February 2013. He was replaced by caretaker director Aurelio Andreazzoli, whose reign saw the good continuation of a disappoint season, with the team ending up in one-sixth position in Serie A, while besides losing 1–0 to rivals Lazio in the Coppa Italia final. As a result, Roma missed out on european competition for the second-straight season .
Spalletti with Roma in 2009 On 12 June 2013, Pallotta announced that Rudi Garcia had been appointed the modern director of Roma. [ 33 ] He enjoyed a antic start to his Roma career, winning his inaugural ten-spot matches ( an all-time Serie A record ) including a 2–0 bowler hat succeed against Lazio, a 0–3 victory away to Internazionale and a 2–0 home gain over claim rivals Napoli. [ 34 ] During this operate, Roma scored 24 times while conceding barely once, away to Parma. The 2013–14 season saw one of Roma ‘s best in Serie A, the club tallying an impressive 85 points and finishing second gear to Juventus, who won the league with a record-breaking 102 points. Roma ‘s defensive structure was importantly better than in previous seasons, with only 25 goals conceded and a total of 21 clean sheets, including nine in their beginning ten matches. In 2014–15, Roma finished moment behind Juventus for the second consecutive season after a poor people scat of shape in 2015. At the end of season, the club was sanctioned for loss make and breaking UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations. On 12 August 2015, and after months of speculation during the 2015 summer transfer marketplace, Roma acquired Bosnia international, Edin Džeko, from Manchester City on a €4 million lend with an €11 million option to buy clause, [ 35 ] [ 36 ] which is activated on 1 October 2015, making a asterisk striker permanent summation to the club. [ 37 ] Džeko made his Serie A debut ten days former, playing the entirety of a 1–1 draw at Hellas Verona, [ 38 ] and scored his first finish for the cabaret in his second appearance on 30 August, the winning goal in the 79th hour to defeat reigning champions Juventus 2–1 at the Stadio Olimpico. [ 39 ] On 13 January 2016, Garcia was sacked after a run of one gain in seven Serie A matches. [ 40 ] Luciano Spalletti was subsequently appointed director of Roma for his second spell. [ 41 ] On 21 February, Totti publicly criticised Spalletti due to his own miss of playing-time since returning from wound. consequently, Totti was subsequently dropped by Spalletti for Roma ‘s 5–0 gain over Palermo, with the decisiveness causing an tumult among the fans and in the media. [ 42 ] After their initial disagreements, Spalletti began to use Totti as an contiguous impact substitute, which proved to be an effective decision, as the Roma number 10 rediscovered his form and contributed with four goals and one help after coming off the bench in five straight Serie A matches. [ 43 ] [ 44 ] As a result, Spalletti was able to lead Roma from a mid-table blemish to a third-place finish in Serie A, clinching the UEFA Champions League play-off spot. [ 45 ] During the summer of 2016, Roma lost asterisk midfielder Miralem Pjanić to rivals Juventus to improve its fiscal position. [ 46 ] On 27 April 2017, Roma appointed Sevilla FC ‘s Sporting director Monchi as their new sporting director. [ 47 ] On 28 May 2017, on the last day of the 2016–17 season, Francesco Totti made his 786th and final appearance for Roma before retiring in a 3–2 home acquire against Genoa, coming on as a stand-in for Mohamed Salah in the 54th moment and received a standing ovation from the fans. [ 48 ] The winnings saw Roma finish up second in Serie A behind Juventus. Following Totti ‘s retirement, Daniele De Rossi became club master and signed a new biennial contract. [ 49 ]
On 13 June 2017, erstwhile Roma player Eusebio Di Francesco was appointed as the golf club ‘s new coach, replacing Spalletti, who had left the cabaret to take charge of Internazionale. [ 50 ] Roma again lost a key player during the summer transfer window, with Mohamed Salah joining Liverpool F.C. for a fee of 39m euro ( £34m ). [ 51 ] several new players joined the club, including a club-record deal for Sampdoria striker Patrik Schick [ 52 ] and Aleksandar Kolarov in a €5m ( £4.4m ) move from Manchester City [ 53 ] Di Francesco besides brought in Gregoire Defrel from his former club Sassuolo in an €18 million softwood. [ 54 ] On 5 December 2017 the Stadio della Roma plan, after experiencing five years worth of delays due to conflicting interests from assorted parties in the Roman city politics, was given the enterprise to begin construction. It is slated to open in time for the 2020–21 season and will replace the Stadio Olimpico as Roma ‘s establish. [ 55 ] In the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League group stage, Roma were drawn in a tough Group C with Chelsea, Atletico Madrid and Qarabag. [ 56 ] however, after performing powerfully in the group degree, including a 3–0 home victory against Chelsea, Roma progressed to the knockout stages as Group C winners after Diego Perotti ‘s alone goal in a 1–0 gain over Qarabag. [ 57 ] After progressing past Shakhtar Donetsk in the Round of 16, Roma were drawn against FC Barcelona in the quarter-finals. On 4 April 2018, Roma were defeated 4–1 away to Barcelona at the Camp Nou in the beginning peg, after own goals from Daniele De Rossi and Kostas Manolas, although Edin Džeko provided a late gleam of hope by scoring an off finish. [ 58 ] On 10 April, Roma pulled off a arresting second-leg comeback at the Stadio Olimpico to beat Barcelona 3-0 and reach the Champions League semi-finals on away goals. An early finish from Edin Džeko and a 58th-minute penalty from De Rossi had left the Giallorossi needing to score one more goal to progress before Manolas scored the crucial third finish, heading in at the dear military post with eight minutes remaining. By doing sol, Roma became only the one-third team in Champions League history to overturn a first-leg kill of three goals or more and reached the final four of the competition for the first time since 1984. [ 59 ] Roma were subsequently drawn against Liverpool, the team that had defeated them in the 1984 european Cup Final, in the semi-finals. [ 60 ] Liverpool would go on to win the link 7–6 on aggregate. [ 61 ] Roma ended the 2017–2018 season in 3rd place on 77 points, qualifying for the succeed seasons Champions League. In the summer of 2018, Roma were interfering in the transfer market, in big parts thanks to the €83 million they received from reaching the Champions League semifinal finals, a well as selling Alisson for a world record €72 million including bonuses to Liverpool. [ 62 ] In a very interfering window, Roma spent €150 million to sign the likes of Shick, Nzonzi, Pastore, Kluivert, Defrel and more, while selling their 2 starting midfielders from the former season, Nainggolan and Strootman. The 2018-2019 Serie A season was a disappointment for Roma as they spent the beginning half of the season bouncing between 6th and tenth place. This was compounded by the fact that many of the new signings failed to make an impact. After Roma were eliminated against Porto 4–3 on aggregate in the Champions League round of 16, Di Francesco was sacked and replaced by Claudio Ranieri who served as caretaker director. [ 63 ] The follow day, sporting film director Monchi stepped down. He stated : “ I left Roma for a simple argue : I realized that the owners ’ ideas were different to mine. The President thought it was better to go to the right, I thought it was better to go to the forget ”. [ 64 ] James Pallotta hit back saying “ I gave him [ Monchi ] 100 percentage control to appoint the coach he wanted, to employ the assistant coaches and the performance staff, to manage the scouting and to bring in the players he wanted. If you look at our results and our performances, it ‘s clear that this has n’t worked. He asked me to trust him and let him do it his means. We gave him complete restraint and now we have more injuries than we ’ ve always had and are in danger of missing out on finishing in the top 3 for the inaugural time since 2014. ” [ 65 ] In Monchi ‘s 2 years at the club, he spent £208 million on 21 signings, however within 2 years, entirely 12 of his signings remained at the club. [ 66 ] Under Ranieri results improved, however Roma failed to qualify for the Champions League, finishing in 6th place on 66 points. On 11 June 2019, Roma appointed Paulo Fonseca as their modern director. [ 67 ] In December 2019, AS Roma SPV LLC was in final negotiations to sell the team for $ 872 million, to American businessman Dan Friedkin, however negotiations stalled during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ 68 ] [ 69 ] On 6 August 2020, Friedkin signed the preliminary contract to agree to pay $ 591 million to Pallotta, the main stockholder of Roma. [ 70 ] On May 4, 2021, the club announced that Fonseca would leave at the end of the 2020–21 season. The lapp day, Jose Mourinho was announced as Fonseca ‘s surrogate on a 3-year narrow set to begin in the 2021–22 season. [ 71 ]

Colours, kits, crests and nicknames

Roma ‘s color of carmine red with a golden yellow shipshape represents the traditional coloring material of Rome, the official seal of the Comune di Roma features the like color. [ 72 ] The aureate and the purple-red defend Roman imperial dignity. [ 73 ] White shorts and black socks are normally worn with the loss shirt. however, in particularly high gear key matches, the shorts and socks are the lapp coloring material as the home shirt. [ 74 ] The kit itself was in the first place worn by Roman Football Club ; one of the three clubs who merged to form the current incarnation in 1927. [ 75 ] Because of the color they wear, Roma are often dub i giallorossi meaning the yellow-reds. [ 76 ] Roma ‘s off kit is traditionally white, with a third kit changing color from time to clock. [ citation needed ] A popular nickname for the club is “ i lupi “ ( “ the wolves ” ) – the animal has always featured on the club ‘s badge in different forms throughout their history. The emblem of the team is presently the one which was used when the club was first founded. It portrays the female wolf with the two baby brothers Romulus and Remus, illustrating the myth of the establish of Rome, [ 77 ] superimposed on a bipartite fortunate yellow over a maroon red shield. [ 78 ] In the myth from which the golf club takes their nickname and logo, the twins ( sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia ) are thrown into the river Tiber by their uncle Amulius. A she-wolf then saved the twins and looked after them. [ 77 ] Eventually, the two twins took revenge on Amulius before falling-out themselves – Romulus killed Remus and was thus made king of a new city named in his honor, Rome. [ 77 ]

Facilities

Stadiums

The inaugural frolic facility Roma used was the Motovelodromo Appio, previously used by Alba-Audace. Roma only played the 1927–28 temper there until they moved to Campo Testaccio the identical future season. Campo Testaccio was used through 1929 to 1940. The team moved former to the Stadio Nazionale del PNF, where they spent 13 years before moving once again. In the 1953–54 season, Roma moved to the Olympic arena, Stadio Olimpico, which it shares with Lazio. The stadium has undergo several changes over the years. The most significant exchange took target in the nineties when Stadio Olimpico was demolished and then reconstructed for the 1990 FIFA World Cup, held in Italy. Roma have played about every season since 1953–54, with exception of the 1989–90 seasons due to the reconstruction of Stadio Olimpico. That year, Roma played its home matches at Stadio Flaminio. On 30 December 2012, Roma club president of the united states James Pallotta announced the construction of a new stadium in the Tor di Valle area of Rome. The modern stadium, Stadio della Roma, will have a capacity of 52,500 spectators. [ 84 ] On 2 February 2017, the Region of Lazio and the mayor of Rome rejected the proposal to build a new stadium. [ 85 ] however, it was late approved on 24 February after final review of the stadium ‘s plan adjustments. [ 86 ] In August 2017, the stadium suffered another delay, [ 87 ] forcing Roma to renew their lease with the Stadio Olimpico until 2020. [ 88 ] It is presently uncertain when the stadium will open. [ 89 ] On 5 December 2017 the Stadio della Roma project, after experiencing five years worth of delays due to conflicting interests from diverse parties in the Roman city government, was given the enterprise to begin construction, with the stadium expected to be ready to open for the 2020–21 season. [ 55 ] On 26 February 2021, it was announced that the stadium project was halted. [ 90 ]

list of stadiums used by the club

  • 1927–1928 Motovelodromo Appio
  • 1929–1940 Campo Testaccio
  • 1940–1953 Stadio Nazionale del PNF
  • 1953– Stadio Olimpico (1989–1990 Stadio Flaminio due to renovations on Olimpico)

Trigoria

A sports center located in Trigoria at kilometer 3600 in southeast of Rome was purchased on 22 July 1977 by then club president of the united states Gaetano Anzalone. It was opened on 23 July 1979 as Anzalone ‘s final act as president. [ 91 ] The complex had its first expansion in 1984 when the club was handled by Dino Viola and another in 1998 under the chairmanship of Franco Sensi. [ 92 ] The center ‘s official diagnose is the Fulvio Bernardini di Trigoria, named after club picture Fulvio Bernardini. On 4 September 2019, the Trigoria train ground began to serve besides as a secret school named ‘Liceo Scientifico Sportivo A.S. Roma ‘ entirely educating only the team ‘s young players in a refurbish construct on the train background premises. [ 93 ] 80 students are presently enrolled in the school which features its own cafeteria and gymnasium. The center is besides known for hosting the Argentina national team during the 1990 FIFA World Cup, held in Italy .

Supporters

rome fans at the Stadio Olimpico Roma is the fifth-most supported football club in Italy – behind Juventus, Internazionale, A.C. Milan and Napoli – with approximately 7 % of italian football fans supporting the golf club, according to the Doxa Institute-L’Espresso ‘s research of April 2006. [ 94 ] Historically, the largest section of Roma supporters in the city of Rome have come from the inner-city, particularly Testaccio. [ 6 ] The traditional ultras group of the club was Commando Ultrà Curva Sud [ 95 ] normally abbreviated as CUCS. This group was founded by the fusion of many smaller groups and was considered one of the most historic in the history of european football. [ 95 ] however, by the mid-1990s, CUCS had been usurped by equal factions and ultimately broke up. Since that time, the Curva Sud of the Stadio Olimpico has been controlled by more rightist groups, [ 95 ] including A.S. Roma Ultras, Boys and Giovinezza, among others. however, the oldest group, Fedayn, is apolitical, and politics is not the main identity of Roma, just a part of their overall identity. Besides ultras groups, it is believed Roma fans support the leftover as opposed to Lazio supporters, which are notoriously gallant of their rightist affiliation. [ 96 ] In November 2015, Roma ‘s ultras and their Lazio counterparts boycotted Roma ‘s 1–0 victory in the Derby della Capitale in protest at newfangled base hit measures imposed at the Stadio Olimpico. The measures – imposed by Rome ‘s prefect, Franco Gabrielli – had involved plastic glass dividing walls being installed in both the Curva Sud and Curva Nord, splitting the sections behind each goal in two. [ 97 ] Both sets of ultras continued their protests for the rest of the season, including during Roma ‘s 4–1 victory in the return regular. Lazio ‘s ultras returned to the Curva Nord for Roma ‘s 1–4 victory in December 2016, but the Roma ultras continue to boycott matches. [ 98 ]
The most know club hymn is “ Roma ( non-si discute, ti ama ) ”, besides known as “ Roma Roma ”, [ 99 ] [ 100 ] by singer Antonello Venditti. The deed roughly means, “ Roma is not to be questioned, it is to be loved, ” and it is sung before each match. The birdcall “ Grazie Roma ”, by the same singer, is played at the end of triumphant home matches. recently, the chief flick of The White Stripes ‘ song “ seven-spot state Army “ has besides become widely popular at matches. [ 101 ]

Rivalries

In italian football, Roma is a club with many rivalries ; first and first is their competition with Lazio, the club with whom they share the Stadio Olimpico. The bowler hat between the two is called the Derby della Capitale, it is amongst the most heat and aroused footballing rivalries in the world. The repair has seen some periodic instances of ferocity in the past, including the death of Lazio winnow Vincenzo Paparelli in 1979–80 as a resultant role of an emergency flare fired from the Curva Sud, [ 102 ] and the abandonment of a couple in March 2004 following baseless rumours of a fatality which led to violence outside the stadium. [ 103 ] Against Napoli, Roma besides compete in the Derby del Sole, meaning the “ Derby of the Sun ”. [ 104 ] Nowadays, fans besides consider other Juventus ( a competition born specially in the 1980s ), Milan, Atalanta ( since 1984, when friendly relations between the two clubs ‘ ultras deteriorated ), [ 105 ] and Internazionale ( increased in recent years ) among their rivals, as they are often competitors for the crown four spots in the league table and qualification for the UEFA Champions League. [ 95 ]

vandalism

Rivalries with other teams have escalated into serious violence. A group of ultras who label themselves the Fedayn — ‘the devotees ‘ — after a group of long-forgotten iranian guerrilla fighters are regarded to be creditworthy for the organize vandalism. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] [ 108 ] In 2014 Daniele De Santis, a Roma extremist, was convicted of shooting Ciro Esposito and two others during clashes with Napoli fans who were in Rome for their club ‘s Coppa Italia final examination against Fiorentina. Esposito died of his wounds. De Santis was sentenced to 26 years in prison, subsequently reduced to 16 years on appeal. Roma ultras have displayed banners celebrating De Santis. [ 109 ] There have been multiple instances of Roma ultras attacking supporters of foreign clubs when playing in Rome. These attacks have regularly featured the Roma ultras using knives, poles, flares, bottles and stones on unarmed foreign supporters, resulting in multiple hospitalisations. Home games against Liverpool in 1984 and 2001, [ 110 ] [ 111 ] Middlesbrough in 2006, [ 112 ] Manchester United in 2007, [ 113 ] [ 114 ] Arsenal in 2009, [ 111 ] [ 115 ] Tottenham Hotspur in 2012, [ 116 ] [ 117 ] and Chelsea in 2017 [ 118 ] have all resulted in multiple stabbings and other injuries to alien supporters. In 2018 Roma ultras travelling to an away game at Liverpool attacked home supporters, resulting in a home patron being critically injured. [ 119 ] [ 120 ]

Players

current squad

As of 21 November 2021.[121]

eminence : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

other players under narrow

note : Flags indicate home team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

Primavera police squad

note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

Out on lend

note : Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality .

management staff

Chairmen history

Roma have had numerous chairmen ( italian : presidenti, unhorse. ‘presidents ‘ or italian : presidenti del consiglio di amministrazione, illuminated. ‘chairmen of the board of directors ‘ ) over the course of their history, some of which have been the owners and co-owners of the club, some of them were nominated by the owners. [ 122 ] Franco Sensi was the chair until his death in 2008, with his daughter, Roma CEO Rosella Sensi taking his place as president. [ 123 ] [ 124 ] here is a complete list of Roma chairmen from 1927 until the present day. [ 124 ]

 

Name

Years

Italo Foschi

1927–1928

Renato Sacerdoti

1928–1935

Vittorio Scialoja

1935–1936

Igino Betti

1936–1941

Edgardo Bazzini

1941–1944

Pietro Baldassarre

1944–1949

Pier Carlo Restagno

1949–1952

Romolo Vaselli

1952

Renato Sacerdoti

1952–1958

Anacleto Gianni

1958–1962

Francesco Marini-Dettina

1962–1965

Franco Evangelisti

1965–1968

Francesco Ranucci

1968–1969

 

Name

Years

Alvaro Marchini

1969–1971

Gaetano Anzalone

1971–1979

Dino Viola

1979–1991

Flora Viola

1991

Giuseppe Ciarrapico

1991–1993

Ciro Di Martino

1993

Franco Sensi

1993–2008

Rosella Sensi

2008–2011

Roberto Cappelli[122]

2011

Thomas R. DiBenedetto

2011–2012

James Pallotta

2012–2020

Dan Friedkin

2020–

managerial history

Roma have had many managers and trainers running the team during their history, here is a chronological list of them from 1927 onwards. [ 14 ]

Honours

Roma fans celebrating the Scudetto in 2001 at the Circus Maximus

National titles

Serie A
Coppa Italia
Supercoppa Italiana

  • Winners (2): 2001, 2007

Serie B

european titles

Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

hall of fame

On 7 October 2012, the AS Roma Hall of Fame was announced. [ 125 ] The Hall of Fame players were voted via the baseball club ‘s official web site and a special Hall of Fame panel. In 2013 four players were voted in. In 2014, the third base class of AS Roma Hall of Fame four more players were voted in. [ 126 ] [ 127 ] [ 128 ]

cabaret records and statistics

historic A.S. Roma positions in Serie A Francesco Totti presently holds Roma ‘s official appearance record, having made 786 appearances in all competitions, over the course of 25 seasons from 1993 until 2017. [ 129 ] He besides holds the record for Serie A appearances with 619, as he passed Giacomo Losi on 1 March 2008 during a home peer against Parma. [ 130 ] Including all competitions, Totti is the all-time ahead goalscorer for Roma with 307 goals since joining the club, 250 of which were scored in Serie A ( another Roma commemorate ). [ 129 ] Roberto Pruzzo, who was the all-time topscorer since 1988, comes in second gear in all competitions with 138. In 1930–31, Rodolfo Volk scored 29 goals in Serie A over the course of a single season. not merely was Volk the league ‘s lead scorer that year, he besides set a Roma record for most goals scored in a season which would late be matched by Edin Džeko in 2016–17. Its major founders Fortitudo and Alba having been relegated at the end of 1926–27 campaign, new-founded Roma had to take part to Southern First Division backing ( Serie B ) for its inaugural season. Nevertheless, the FIGC decided on a special enlargement of first charge division re-admitting AS Roma and SSC Napoli. The beginning always official matches participated in by Roma was in the National Division, the harbinger of Serie A, of 1927–28, against Livorno, a 2–0 Roma gain. [ 131 ] The biggest always victory recorded by Roma was 9–0 against Cremonese during the 1929–30 Serie A season. [ 129 ] The heaviest frustration Roma have ever suffered is 1–7, which has occurred five times ; against Juventus in 1931–32, Torino in 1947–48, Manchester United in 2006–07, Bayern Munich in 2014–15 and Fiorentina in 2018–19. [ 129 ]

divisional movements

Series
Years
Last
Promotions
Relegations

A
89
2021–22
42 times to Europe
Decrease 1 (1951)

B
1
1951–52
Increase 1 (1952)
never

90 years of professional football in Italy since 1929

UEFA club coefficient ranking

As of 31 May 2021[132]

As a company

Since 1999, during Franco Sensi ‘s period in bang, Associazione Sportiva Roma has been a listed Società per azioni on Borsa Italiana. From 2004 to 2011, Roma ‘s shares are distributed between ; 67.1 % to Compagnia Italpetroli SpA ( the Sensi family holding ; Banca di Roma late acquired 49 % stake on Italpetroli due to debt restructure ) and 32.9 % to other public shareholders. Along with Lazio and Juventus, Roma is one of only three quotated italian club. According to The Football Money League published by consultants Deloitte, in the 2010–11 season, Roma was the fifteenth highest-earning football club in the world with an calculate tax income of €143.5 million. [ 135 ] In April 2008, after months of speculation, George Soros was confirmed by Rosella Sensi, CEO of Serie A clubhouse A.S. Roma, to be bidding for a takeover. [ 136 ] The coup d’etat bid was successively rejected by the Sensi syndicate, who alternatively preferred to maintain the club ‘s ownership. On 17 August 2008 cabaret chair and owner Franco Sensi died after a long illness ; his place at the chairmanship of the club was successively taken by his daughter Rosella. Since the coup d’etat in 2011, NEEP Roma Holding S.p.A. has owned all shares Sensi previously hold. NEEP, itself a joint venture, was held by DiBenedetto AS Roma LLC ( late renamed to AS Roma SPV, LLC ) and Unicredit in 60–40 ratio from 2011 to 2013, which the erstwhile had four very person shareholders in equal proportion, led by future Roma president Thomas R. DiBenedetto ( 2011–12 ). The coup d’etat besides activated a mandatary invite of shares from the general public, however not all minority shareholders were will to sell their shares. The compulsory bid meant NEEP held 78.038 % of shares of AS Roma ( increased from 67.1 % of the Sensi ). [ 137 ] On 1 August 2013, the president of the united states of Roma adenine well as one of the four american shareholders of AS Roma SPV, LLC, James Pallotta, bought an extra 9 % shares of NEEP Roma Holding from Unicredit ( through Raptor Holdco LLC ), as the trust was not uncoerced to fully participate in the das kapital increase of NEEP from €120,000 to €160,008,905 ( excluding plowshare premium ). [ 138 ] [ 139 ] On 4 April 2014 Starwood Capital Group besides became the one-fifth stockholder of AS Roma SPV, adenine well as forming a strategic partnership with AS Roma SpA to develop real estate around the new stadium. [ 140 ] The individual investment fast was represented by Zsolt Kohalmi in AS Roma SPV, who was appointed on 4 April as a partner and lead of european acquisitions of the firm. [ 141 ] On 11 August 2014, UniCredit sold the stay shares on NEEP ( of 31 % ) for €33 million which mean AS Roma SPV LLC ( 91 % ) and Raptor Holdco LLC ( 9 % ) were the sole intermediate holding company of AS Roma SpA. [ 142 ] Since re-capitalization in 2003–04, Roma had a ephemeral fiscal self-sustainability, until the takeover in 2011. The club had set up a particular amortization store using Articolo 18-bis Legge 91/1981 chiefly for the abnormal signings prior 2002–03 temper, ( such as Davide Bombardini for €11 million account value in June 2002, when the flopped player exchange boosted 2001–02 season consequence ) and the tax requital of 2002–03 was rescheduled. In 2004–05, Roma made a net profit of €10,091,689 and followed by €804,285 in 2005–06. [ 143 ] In 2006–07 season the accounting method acting changed to IFRS, which meant that the 2005–06 consequence was reclassified as internet loss of €4,051,905 and 2006–07 season was net income of €10,135,539 ( €14.011 million as a group ). [ 144 ] furthermore, the particular fund ( €80,189,123 ) was removed from the asset and co-currently for the equity as scheduled, intend Roma group had a negative equity of €8.795 million on 30 June 2007. Nevertheless, the club had sold the trade name to a subordinate which boost the profit in a separate fiscal statement, which La Repubblica described as “ doping ”. [ 145 ] In 2007–08, Roma made a web income of €18,699,219. ( €19 million as a group ) [ 146 ] however, 2008–09 saw the decrease of gate and television receiver income, co-currently with finishing sixth in Serie A, which saw Roma made a net personnel casualty of €1,894,330. ( €1.56 million as a group ) [ 147 ] The gate and television income further slipped in 2009–10 with a final loss of €21,917,292 ( already boosted by the sale of Alberto Aquilani ; €22 million as a group ) despite sporting achiever ( finishing in second place in 2009–10 ). [ 148 ] furthermore, despite a positivist equity as a separate company ( €105,142,589 ), the AS Roma Group had a damaging equity on the consolidated balance sheet, and fell from +€8.8 million to −€13.2 million. In the 2010–11 season, Roma was administrated by UniCredit as the Sensi family failed to repay the depository financial institution and the baseball club was put on the market, [ 149 ] and were expected to have a quiet transfer window. [ 150 ] concurrently with no deal net income on the players, Roma ‘s final loss rose to €30,589,137 ( €30.778 million as a group ) and the fresh owner already planned a re-capitalization after the mandate bid on the shares. On the plus side, television income was increased from €75,150,744 to €78,041,642, and gate income increased from €23,821,218 to €31,017,179. This was because Roma entered 2010–11 Champions League, which counter-weighed the effect of the new corporate agreement of Serie A. In 2011–12, the renewal of police squad and engagement in 2011–12 UEFA Europa League had worsened the fiscal consequence, which the €50 million capital increase ( in advance ) was counter-weighted wholly by the internet loss. In the 2012–13 season, the participation in domestic league lone, was not lone not harmful to the tax income but increase in gate income a well as decrease in wage beak, however Roma still did not yet break even ( €40.130 million net passing in amalgamate accounts ). NEEP Roma besides re-capitalized AS Roma in overture for another €26,550,000 during 2012–13. A propose capital addition by €100 million for Roma was announced on 25 June 2014 ; however, until 22 May 2014, NEEP already injected €108 million into the club, which depends on populace subscription ; more than €8 million would convert to medium-long-term loan from stockholder alternatively of becoming share capital. [ 151 ] Another capital addition was carried in 2018. A roast guess of Roma, which was owned by Roma ( 37.5 % ), S.S. Lazio ( 37.5 % ) and Parma F.C. ( 25 % ), Società Diritti Sportivi S.r.l., was in the serve of extermination since 2005. The company was a joint-venture of four football clubs, including Fiorentina. After the bankruptcy of Fiorentina however, both Roma and Lazio had increased their shares ratio from 25 % to 37.5 %. Another subsidiary company, “ Soccer S.A.S. di Brand Management S.r.l. “, was a special-purpose entity ( SPV ) that Roma sold their trade name to the auxiliary in 2007. In February 2015, another SPV, “ ASR Media and Sponsorship S.r.l ”, [ 152 ] was set up to secure a five-year depository financial institution lend of €175 million from Goldman Sachs, for three-month Euribor ( min. 0.75 % ) + 6.25 % gap ( i.e. min. 7 % interests rate p.a. ). [ 153 ] [ 154 ] In 2015, Inter and Roma were the only two italian clubs that were sanctioned by UEFA for breaking UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, which they signed settlement agreements with UEFA. [ 155 ] It was followed by Milan in 2018. Roma had conformity with the requirements and overall objective of the colony agreement in 2018, which the golf club exited from colony government. [ 156 ] [ 157 ]

Superleague Formula

A.S. Roma had a team in the Superleague Formula race car series where teams were sponsored by football clubs. Roma ‘s driver was ex- IndyCar Series driver Franck Perera. The team had posted three podiums and was operated by Alan Docking Racing .

See besides

References

Read more: S.S. Lazio