Wikipedia

This article is about the city in England. For early uses, see Leeds ( disambiguation ) City in West Yorkshire, England

City in England

Leeds is the largest city in the county of West Yorkshire, England. Leeds is to the east of Bradford, north of Sheffield, southwest of York, and northeast of Manchester. The city forms the core of the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, which besides includes the towns of Horsforth, Morley, Otley, Pudsey, Rothwell and Wetherby. [ 6 ] Leeds was a small manorial borough in the thirteenth century, becoming a major center for the production and deal of wool in the 17th and 18th centuries, then a major mill town during the Industrial Revolution ; wool was however the dominant diligence, but flax, engineering, cast-iron foundries, print, and early industries were besides significant. [ 7 ] From being a commercialize town in the valley of the River Aire in the sixteenth century, Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban center by the mid-20th hundred. Leeds attained City status in 1893. Leeds ( with a 474,632 population ) is the largest section of the West Yorkshire Built-up Area ( 2011 census classification ) and the Yorkshire and Humber region ‘s most populous. West Yorkshire BUA is the UK ‘s fourth-most populous urban area with a reported population of 1.8 million in 2013. The metropolitan borough governed from the city had a population of 793,139, the 2nd most populous zone in England. [ 8 ]

history [edit ]

toponymy [edit ]

The name derives from the old Brythonic news Ladenses mean “ people of the fast-flowing river ”, in citation to the River Aire that flows through the city. [ 9 ] This name originally referred to the forested area covering most of the Brythonic kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the fifth hundred into the early seventh century. [ 10 ] Bede states in the fourteenth chapter of his Ecclesiastical History, in a discussion of an altar surviving from a church erected by Edwin of Northumbria, that it is located in …regione quae vocatur Loidis ( Latin, “ the area which is called Loidis ” ). An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, a bible of unsealed origin. [ 11 ] The term Leodensian is besides used, from the city ‘s Latin name. The name has besides been explained as a derivative of Welsh lloed, meaning plainly “ a place ”. [ 12 ]

Economic exploitation [edit ]

Leeds developed as a market township in the Middle Ages as contribution of the local agricultural economy. Before the Industrial Revolution, it became a co-ordination center for the industry of woolen fabric, and white broadcloth was traded at its White Cloth Hall. [ 13 ] Leeds handled one sixth of England ‘s export craft in 1770. [ 14 ] Growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the creation of the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 ( with major extra works in the eighteenth century ) and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816. [ 15 ] In the late Georgian earned run average, William Lupton was one of a number of central Leeds landowners, some of whom, like him, were besides textile manufacturers. At the time of his death in 1828, Lupton occupied the enclosed fields of the manor of Leeds, his estate including a mill, reservoir, substantial house and outbuildings. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Mechanical technology, initially to supply tools and machinery for the textile sector, quickly became a divers industry. [ 18 ] The railroad track network constructed around Leeds, starting with the Leeds and Selby Railway in 1834, provided better communications with national markets and, significantly for its development, an east–west association with Manchester and the ports of Liverpool and Hull giving better access to international markets. [ 19 ] Alongside technical advances and industrial expansion, Leeds retained an concern in trade in agricultural commodities, with the Corn Exchange unfold in 1864 .
Leeds from the Meadows by Joseph Rhodes, 1825. by Joseph Rhodes, 1825. Marshall ‘s Mill was one of the beginning of many factories constructed in Leeds from around 1790 when the most significant were woollen complete and flax mills. [ 20 ] Manufacturing diversified by 1914 to printing, technology, chemicals and clothing manufacture. [ 21 ] Decline in manufacturing during the 1930s was temporarily reversed by a switch to producing military uniforms and munitions during the second gear World War. however, by the 1970s, the invest industry was in irreversible refuse, facing bum foreign rival. [ 22 ] The contemporary economy has been shaped by Leeds City Council ‘s imagination of building a ’24-hour european city ‘ and ‘capital of the union ‘. [ 23 ] The city has developed from the decay of the post-industrial era to become a telephone banking center, connected to the electronic infrastructure of the modern ball-shaped economy. [ 23 ] There has been growth in the corporate and legal sectors, [ 24 ] and increased local affluence has led to an expanding retail sector, including the lavishness goods marketplace. [ 25 ] Leeds City Region Enterprise Zone was launched in April 2012 to promote development in four sites along the A63 East Leeds Link Road. [ 26 ]

local government [edit ]

Leeds (parish) population

1881

160,109

1891

177,523

1901

177,920

1911

259,394

1921

269,665

1931

482,809

1941

war*

1951

505,219

1961

510,676

*no census was held due to war

source: UK census[27]
Leeds was a manor and township in the big ancient parish of Leeds St Peter, in the Skyrack wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire. [ 28 ] The Borough of Leeds was created in 1207, when Maurice Paynel, lord of the manor, granted a charter to a small area of the manor, close to the river intersect, in what is now the city center. King James I granted the borough to his wife, Anne of Denmark, and in 1612, she ordered a survey of the borough ; in 1615 she was petitioned to remove the rigid Calvinist preacher Alexander Cooke as vicar of Leeds, but she refused. [ 29 ] The inhabitants petitioned Charles I for a lease of incorporation, which was granted in 1626. The new rent incorporated the entire parish, including all eleven townships, as the Borough of Leeds and withdrew the earlier rent. improvement commissioners were set up in 1755 for paving, lighting, and ablutionary of the main streets, including Briggate and far powers were added in 1790 to improve the water supply. [ 30 ]
A crowd gathers outside Leeds Town Hall during the 1880 general elections. The borough corporation was reformed under the provisions of Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Leeds Borough Police wedge was formed in 1836, and Leeds Town Hall was completed by the pot in 1858. In 1866, Leeds and each of the other townships in the borough became civil parishes. The borough became a county borough in 1889, giving it independence from the newly formed West Riding County Council and it gained city condition in 1893. In 1904 the Leeds parish absorbed Beeston, Chapel Allerton, Farnley, Headingley semen Burley and Potternewton from within the borough. In the twentieth hundred the county borough initiated a series of significant territorial expansions, growing from 21,593 acres ( 87.38 km2 ) in 1911 to 40,612 acres ( 164.35 km2 ) in 1961. [ 31 ] In 1912 the parish and county borough of Leeds absorbed Leeds Rural District, consisting of the parishes of Roundhay and Seacroft ; and Shadwell, which had been part of Wetherby Rural District. On 1 April 1925, the parish of Leeds was expanded to cover the unharmed borough. [ 28 ] The county borough was abolished on 1 April 1974, and its early area was combined with that of the municipal borough of Morley and Pudsey ; the urban districts of Aireborough, Horsforth, Otley, Garforth and Rothwell ; and parts of the rural districts of Tadcaster, Wetherby, and Wharfedale. [ 32 ] This sphere formed a metropolitan district in the county of West Yorkshire. It gained both borough and city condition and is known as the City of Leeds. Initially, local anesthetic government services were provided by Leeds City Council and West Yorkshire County Council. When the county council was abolished in 1986, the city council absorbed its functions, and some powers passed to organisations such as the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Authority. From 1988 two run-down and abandoned ship areas close to the city center were designated for positive feedback and became the province of Leeds Development Corporation, outside the plan remit of the city council. [ 33 ] Planning powers were restored to the local agency in 1995 when the exploitation pot was wound up .

suburban growth [edit ]

1866 function of Leeds In 1801, 42 % of the population of Leeds lived outside the township, in the broad borough. Cholera outbreaks in 1832 and 1849 caused the authorities to address the problems of drain, sanitation, and water supply. Water was pumped from the River Wharfe, but by 1860 it was excessively heavily polluted to be functional. Following the Leeds Waterworks Act of 1867 three reservoirs were built at Lindley Wood, Swinsty, and Fewston in the Washburn Valley union of Leeds. [ 34 ] residential growth occurred in Holbeck and Hunslet from 1801 to 1851, but, as these townships became industrialize fresh areas were favoured for middle class housing. [ 35 ] Land south of the river was developed chiefly for diligence and secondarily for back-to-back workers ‘ dwellings. The Leeds Improvement Act 1866 sought to improve the quality of working class house by restricting the count of homes that could be built in a single terrace. [ 36 ] Holbeck and Leeds formed a continuous built-up area by 1858, with Hunslet closely meeting them. [ 37 ] In the latter one-half of the nineteenth hundred, population increase in Hunslet, Armley, and Wortley outstripped that of Leeds. When pollution became a problem, the wealthier residents left the industrial conurbation to live in Headingley, Potternewton and Chapel Allerton which led to a 50 % increase in the population of Headingley and Burley from 1851 to 1861. The middle-class flight from the industrial areas led to development beyond the borough at Roundhay and Adel. [ 37 ] The insertion of the electric tramway led to intensification of development in Headingley and Potternewton and expansion outside the borough into Roundhay. [ 38 ] Two secret gas add companies were taken over by the corporation in 1870, and the municipal issue provided street light up and cheaper gas to homes. From the early 1880s, the Yorkshire House-to-House Electricity Company supplied electricity to Leeds until it was purchased by Leeds Corporation and became a municipal provision. [ 39 ] Slum headroom and rebuilding began in Leeds during the interwar period when over 18,000 houses were built by the council on 24 estates in Cross Gates, Middleton, Gipton, Belle Isle and Halton Moor. The slums of Quarry Hill were replaced by the innovative Quarry Hill flats, which were demolished in 1975. Another 36,000 houses were built by private sector builders, creating suburbs in Gledhow, Moortown, Alwoodley, Roundhay, Colton, Whitkirk, Oakwood, Weetwood, and Adel. After 1949 a further 30,000 sub-standard houses were demolished by the council and replaced by 151 medium-rise and high-rise blocks of council flats in estates at Seacroft, Armley Heights, Tinshill, and Brackenwood. [ 40 ] Leeds has seen bang-up consumption on regenerating the city, attracting in investments and flagship projects, [ 41 ] as found in Leeds city center. many developments boasting deluxe penthouse apartments have been built close to the city centre .

geography [edit ]

River Aire in Leeds Leeds is located 169 miles ( 272 kilometer ) north-northwest of London, [ 42 ] on the valley of the River Aire in the easterly foothills of the Pennines. The city center lies in a pin down section of the Aire Valley at about 206 feet ( 63 thousand ) above sea grade ; while the zone ranges from 1,115 feet ( 340 thousand ) in the far west on the slopes of Ilkley Moor to about 33 feet ( 10 megabyte ) where the rivers Aire and Wharfe cross the eastern boundary. There are besides meaning variations in elevation within the city itself. For exemplar, kingdom rises to 198 megabyte ( 650 foot ) in Cookridge, just 6 miles ( 9.7 kilometer ) from the city concentrate. The center of Leeds is function of a endlessly built-up area extending to Pudsey, Bramley, Horsforth, Alwoodley, Seacroft, Middleton and Morley. [ 43 ] Leeds has the second-highest population of any local authority zone in the UK ( after Birmingham ), and the second-greatest area of any english metropolitan district ( after Doncaster ), extending 15 miles ( 24 kilometer ) from east to west, and 13 miles ( 21 kilometer ) from north to south. The northerly boundary follows the River Wharfe for several miles ( several kilometres ), but it crosses the river to include the function of Otley which lies north of the river. The city center is less than twenty miles ( 32 kilometer ) ) from the Yorkshire Dales National Park, [ 44 ] which has some of the most outstanding scenery and countryside in the UK. [ 45 ] Inner and southerly areas of Leeds lie on a layer of coal bill sandstones forming the Yorkshire Coalfield. To the north parts are built on older sandstone and gritstones and to the east it extends into the magnesian limestone belt. [ 20 ] [ 46 ] [ 47 ] The land use in the cardinal areas of Leeds is overwhelmingly urban. [ 43 ] Attempts to define the claim geographic mean of Leeds lead to a variety show of concepts of its extent, varying by context include the area of the city center, the urban conurbation, the administrative boundaries, and the functional region. [ 48 ]

Leeds is much more a generalize concept identify appoint in turn back comma, it is the city, but it is besides the commuter villages and the region equally well .Brian Thompson, A History of Modern Leeds[48]

Leeds city kernel is contained within the Leeds Inner Ring Road, formed from parts of the A58 road, A61 road, A64 road, A643 road and the M621 expressway. Briggate, the chief north–south shopping street, is pedestrianised and Queen Victoria Street, a part of the Victoria Quarter, is enclosed under a glaze roof. Millennium Square is a significant urban focal point. The Leeds zip code area covers most of the City of Leeds [ 49 ] and is about entirely made up of the Leeds mail township. [ 50 ] Otley, Wetherby, Tadcaster, Pudsey and Ilkley are separate position towns within the zip code sphere. [ 50 ] away from the built up sphere of Leeds itself, there are a issue of suburbs and exurbs within the district .

Watercourses [edit ]

In addition to the rivers Aire and Wharfe, other watercourses ( broadly known as becks ) include :

climate [edit ]

Leeds has a climate that is oceanic ( Köppen : Cfb ), and influenced by the Pennines. Summers are normally mild, with centrist rain, while winters are chilly, cloudy with periodic bamboozle and frost. The nearest official weather recording station is at Bingley, some twenty kilometres away at a higher elevation. [ 60 ] July is the warmest month, with a hateful temperature of 16 °C ( 61 °F ), while the coldest month is January, with a entail temperature of 3 °C ( 37 °F ). Temperatures above 30 °C ( 86 °F ) and below −10 °C ( 14 °F ) are not very common but can happen occasionally. Temperatures at Leeds Bradford Airport fell to −12.6 °C ( 9.3 °F ) in December 2010 [ 61 ] and reached 31.8 °C ( 89 °F ) at Leeds city center in August 2003. [ 62 ] The record temperature for Leeds is 34.4 °C ( 94 °F ) during the early on August 1990 heatwave. It is potential this was exceeded during the heatwave of July 2019 where many early areas broke their all time records. however Leeds weather center closed in the 2000s. As is typical for many sprawling cities in areas of varying topography, temperatures can change depending on localization. average July and August day highs exceed 22 °C ( 72 °F ) ( a value comparable to South East England ) in a small area just to the south east of the city center, [ 63 ] [ 64 ] where the elevation declines to under 20 metres ( 66 feet ). This is 2 °C ( 3.6 °F ) meek than the typical summer temperature at Leeds Bradford airport weather station ( shown in the chart below ), at an elevation of 208 metres ( 682 feet ). Situated on the eastern side of the Pennines, Leeds is among the driest cities in the United Kingdom, with an annual rain of 660 millimeter ( 25.98 in ). Though extreme weather in Leeds is relatively rare, thunderstorms, blizzards, gale-force winds and even tornadoes have struck the city. The concluding reported tornado occurred on 14 September 2006, causing trees to uproot and bespeak failures at Leeds City railway station. [ 65 ]

Climate data for Leeds Bradford

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Average high °C (°F)

5.8
(42.4)

5.9
(42.6)

8.7
(47.7)

11.3
(52.3)

15
(59)

18.2
(64.8)

19.9
(67.8)

19.9
(67.8)

17.3
(63.1)

13.4
(56.1)

8.8
(47.8)

6.7
(44.1)

12.6
(54.6)

Average low °C (°F)

0.3
(32.5)

0.2
(32.4)

1.6
(34.9)

3.1
(37.6)

5.5
(41.9)

8.5
(47.3)

10.4
(50.7)

10.5
(50.9)

8.7
(47.7)

6.3
(43.3)

2.9
(37.2)

1.2
(34.2)

4.9
(40.9)

Average precipitation mm (inches)

61
(2.4)

45
(1.8)

52
(2.0)

48
(1.9)

54
(2.1)

54
(2.1)

51
(2.0)

65
(2.6)

57
(2.2)

55
(2.2)

57
(2.2)

61
(2.4)

660
(25.9)

Average precipitation days

17.5

14.2

14.8

13.5

13.7

12.2

11.7

13.2

12.9

15.1

16.5

17.0

172.3

Source: [66][67]

fleeceable knock [edit ]

Leeds is within a green swath region that extends into the wide surrounding counties and is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the settlements in the West Yorkshire conurbation from far convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield recycle, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate growth within the indicate areas, and imposing rigorous conditions on permit build. [ 68 ] Over 60 % of the Leeds district is green belt land and it surrounds the village, preventing far conurbation towards nearby communities. Larger outlying towns and villages are exempt from the green belt area. however, smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas are ‘washed over ‘ by the appellation. The green belt was beginning adopted in 1960, [ 68 ] and the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to some 33,970 hectares ( 339.7 km2 ; 131.2 sq myocardial infarction ). [ 69 ] A subsidiary company calculate of the green belt is to encourage refreshment and leisure interests, [ 68 ] with rural landscape features, greenfield areas and facilities including Temple Newsam Park and House with golf course, Rothwell Country Park, Middleton Park, Kirkstall Abbey ruins and surrounding park, Bedquilts refreshment grounds, Waterloo lake, Roundhay palace and park, and Morwick, Cobble and Elmete Halls .

Demographics [edit ]

In January 2011, Leeds was named as one of five “ cities to watch ” in a report published by Centre for Cities. [ 70 ] The composition shows that the average nonmigratory in Leeds earns £471 per workweek, [ 71 ] seventeenth nationally and 30.9 % of Leeds residents had NVQ4+ high-level qualifications, [ 72 ] fifteenth nationally. use in Leeds was 68.8 % in the period June 2012 to June 2013, which was lower than the national average, whilst unemployment was higher than the national average at 9.6 % over the same time period. [ 73 ] It besides shows that Leeds will be the least affect major city by benefit cuts in 2014/2015, with wellbeing cuts of £125 per head predicted, compared to £192 in Liverpool and £175 in Glasgow. [ 74 ] Leeds is overall less deprived than other large UK cities and average income is above regional averages. [ 75 ]

urban subdivision [edit ]

At the prison term of the United Kingdom Census 2001, the Leeds urban subdivision occupied an area of 109 square kilometres ( 42 sq secret intelligence service ) and had a population of 443,247 ; making it the fourth-most populous urban subdivision within England and the fifth largest within the United Kingdom. The population density was 4,066 inhabitants per hearty kilometer ( 10,530/sq mile ), slightly higher than the stay of the West Yorkshire Urban Area. It accounts for 20 % of the area and 62 % of the population of the City of Leeds. The population of the urban section had a 100 to 93.1 female–male proportion. [ 78 ] Of those over 16 years old, 39.4 % were single ( never married ) and 35.4 % married for the first time. [ 79 ] The urban subsection ‘s 188,890 households included 35 % one-man, 27.9 % marital couples living in concert, 8.8 % were co-habiting couples, and 5.7 % single parents with their children. Leeds is the largest component of the West Yorkshire Urban Area [ 43 ] and is counted by Eurostat as part of the Leeds-Bradford larger urban zone. The Leeds travel to work area in 2001 included all of the City of Leeds, a northerly strip of the City of Bradford, the eastern share of Kirklees, and a part of southern North Yorkshire ; it occupies 751 square kilometres ( 290 sq mi ) .
Historical populationYearPop.±%180194,421—    1811108,459+14.9%1821137,476+26.8%1831183,015+33.1%1841222,189+21.4%1851249,992+12.5%1861311,197+24.5%1871372,402+19.7%1881433,607+16.4%1891503,493+16.1%1901552,479+9.7%1911606,250+9.7%1921625,854+3.2%1931646,119+3.2%1941668,667+3.5%1951692,003+3.5%1961715,260+3.4%1971739,401+3.4%1981696,732−5.8%1991716,760+2.9%2001715,404−0.2%2011751,500+5.0%Source: Vision of Britain[80]
In 2011, the Leeds USD had a population of 474,632 and had an area of 112 straight kilometres ( 43 sq mi ) with a population density of 4,238 inhabitants per square kilometer ( 10,980/sq michigan ). [ 81 ] It is bounded by, and physically attached to, the early towns of Garforth to the east, Morley to the southwest and Pudsey to the west, all being within the wide borough. 63 % of the borough ‘s population of 751,485 live in the USD, while it takes up entirely 21 % of its total area of 552 km2 .

Leeds compared
Leeds USD
Leeds City

White British
73.9%
81.1%

Asian
10.7%
7.7%

Black
5.2%
3.5%

[ 82 ] [ 83 ] In 2011, the Leeds USD ( Urban Subdivision ) had a total ‘White ‘ population of 79.1 % [ 81 ] with this share including people from places such as mainland Europe and Ireland. Leeds is one of many UK cities that has a bombastic amount of countryside within the borough ‘s limits. Others include Sheffield, Bradford and York .

Metropolitan district [edit ]

At the time of the 2011 UK Census, the district had a total population of 751,500, representing a 5 % emergence since the former census ten years early. [ 75 ] According to the 2001 UK Census, there were 301,614 households in Leeds ; 33.3 % were married couples living together, 31.6 % were single-person households, 9.0 % were co-habiting couples and 9.8 % were single parents, following a similar drift to the rest of England. [ 84 ] The population concentration was 1,967/km2 ( 5,090/sq secret intelligence service ) [ 84 ] and for every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. Leeds is a divers city with over 75 cultural groups, and with ethnic minorities representing precisely under 11.6 % of the total population. [ 75 ] According to figures from the 2011 UK Census, 85.0 % of the population was White ( 81.1 % White British, 0.9 % White Irish, 0.1 % Gypsy or Irish Traveller, 2.9 % other White ), 2.7 % of blend raceway ( 1.2 % White and Black Caribbean, 0.3 % White and Black African, 0.7 % White and Asian, 0.5 % other Mixed ), 7.7 % Asian ( 2.1 % indian, 3.0 % Pakistani, 0.6 % Bangladeshi, 0.8 % Chinese, 1.2 % other Asian ), 3.5 % Black ( 2.0 % African, 0.9 % Caribbean, 0.6 % other Black ), 0.5 % Arab and 0.6 % of other heathen inheritance. Leeds has seen many new unlike countries of parentage as of the UK Census including Zimbabwe, Iran, India and Nigeria all included in the top ten-spot countries of birth in the city. large Pakistani communities can be seen in wards such as Gipton and Harehills. Chapel Allerton is known for having a large Caribbean community. [ 85 ] The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian. [ 86 ] The proportion of Muslims ( 3.0 % of the population ) is average for the country. [ 86 ] Leeds has the third-largest community of Jews in the United Kingdom, after those of London and Manchester. The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain ample jewish communities. [ 87 ] 16.8 % of Leeds residents in the 2001 census declared themselves as having “ No Religion ”, which is broadly in line with the visualize for the whole of the UK ( besides 8.1 % “ religion not stated ” ). The crime rate in Leeds is well above the national average, like many other english major cities. [ 88 ] [ 89 ] In July 2006, the think tank Reform calculated rates of crime for different offences and has related this to populations of major urban areas ( defined as towns over 100,000 population ). Leeds was 11th in this rate ( excluding London boroughs, 23rd including London borough ). [ 90 ] Total recorded crime in Leeds fell by 45 % between 2002/03 and 2011/12. [ 75 ]

government [edit ]

Map of Leeds in West yorkshire The City of Leeds is the local government zone covering Leeds, and the local authority is Leeds City Council. The council is composed of 99 councillors, three for each of the zone ‘s wards. Elections are held three years out of four, on the first Thursday of May. One third of the councillors are elected, for a four-year term, in each election. The council is presently controlled by Labour. West yorkshire does not have a county council, so Leeds City Council is the primary supplier of local government services for the city. The zone is in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. Most of the zone is an unparished area. In the unparished sphere, there is no lower tier of politics. Outside the unparished area, there are 31 civil parishes, represented by parish councils. These are the lowest tier of local government [ 91 ] and absorb some limited functions from Leeds City Council in their areas. The district is represented by eight MPs, for the constituencies of Elmet and Rothwell ( Alec Shelbrooke, Conservative ) ; Leeds Central ( Hilary Benn, Labour ) ; Leeds East ( Richard Burgon, Labour ) ; Leeds North East ( fabian Hamilton, Labour ) ; Leeds North West ( Alex Sobel, Labour ) ; Leeds West ( Rachel Reeves, Labour ) ; Morley and Outwood ( constituency shared with City of Wakefield ) ( Andrea Jenkyns, Conservative ) ; and Pudsey ( Stuart Andrew, Conservative ) .

economy [edit ]

Infirmary Street in the heart of Leeds ‘s Financial District cardinal Business District at night Leeds has the most divers economy of all the UK ‘s chief employment centres and has seen the fastest rate of individual sector jobs growth of any UK city and has the highest ratio of public to private sector jobs of all the UK ‘s Core Cities. The city had the third-largest jobs sum by local authority area with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015. [ 92 ] 24.7 % were in populace administration, education and health, 23.9 % were in bank, finance and insurance and 21.4 % were in distribution, hotels and restaurants. It is in the bank, finance and indemnity sectors that Leeds differs most from the fiscal structure of the region and the nation. [ 93 ] There are 130,100 jobs in the city center, accounting for 31 % of all jobs in the broad district. In 2007, 47,500 jobs were in finance and business, 42,300 in public services, and 19,500 in retail and distribution. 43 % of finance sector jobs in the district are contained in Leeds city center and 44 % of those employed in the city centre live more than nine kilometres ( 5.6 miles ) away. [ 94 ] In 2011, the fiscal and services industry in Leeds was worth £2.1 billion, the fifth-largest in the UK, behind London, Edinburgh, Manchester and Birmingham. [ 95 ] Tertiary industries such as retail, call centres, offices and media have contributed to a high rate of economic growth. The city besides hosts the lone auxiliary position of the Bank of England in the UK. In 2012 GVA for the city was recorded at £18.8 billion, [ 96 ] with the entire Leeds City Region generating a £56 billion economy. [ 5 ]
samara sectors include finance, retail, leisure and the visitor economy, construction, fabricate and the creative and digital industries. [ 5 ] It has one of the most divers economies of all the UK ‘s main employment centres and has seen the fastest pace of private-sector jobs growth of any UK city. It besides has the highest ratio of private to populace sector jobs of all the UK ‘s Core Cities, with 77 % of its work force influence in the private sector. Leeds has the third-largest jobs total by local authority area, with 480,000 in use and self-employment at the begin of 2015. [ 5 ] Leeds is ranked as a “ high sufficiency ” level city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. [ 97 ] Today, Leeds has become the largest legal and fiscal center outside London, [ 5 ] [ 98 ] with the fiscal and insurance services industry worth £13 billion to the city ‘s economy. office developments, besides traditionally located in the inner area, have expanded south of the River Aire and total 11,000,000 square feet ( 1,000,000 m2 ) of quad. [ 94 ] In the menstruation from 1999 to 2008 £2.5bn of property development was undertaken in central Leeds ; of which £711m has been offices, £265m retail, £389m leisure and £794m house. The city saw several firsts, including the oldest-surviving film in universe, Roundhay Garden Scene ( 1888 ), and the 1767 invention of pop water. [ 99 ] [ 100 ] major companies based in the city include William Hill, Channel 4, International Personal Finance, Asda, Leeds Building Society and Northern Foods. Capita Group, KPMG, Direct Line, Aviva, Yorkshire Building Society, BT Group, Telefónica Europe ( O2 Ltd ) and TD Waterhouse wholly besides have a considerable presence in the city. [ 101 ] In addition to other national governmental offices, the city is home to a large Department for Work and Pensions office build located in Quarry Hill, celebrated [ according to whom? ] for its distinguished design. [ citation needed ]

finance [edit ]

Leeds is the largest center outside London for fiscal and business services. Over the adjacent ten-spot years, [ when? ] the economy is forecast to grow by 25 % with fiscal and business services set to generate over half of GVA growth over that period with Finance and occupation services accounting for 38 % of sum output signal. The finance and business service sector account for 38 % of sum output signal [ 5 ] [ 102 ] [ 95 ] with more than 30 national and international banks located in the city, including an office of the Bank of England. [ 98 ] Leeds is besides the UK ‘s third-largest manufacture center with around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees ; Leeds fabrication firms account for 8.8 % of total use in the city and is deserving over £7 billion to the local economy. [ 102 ] The largest sub-sectors are technology, printing and print, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology. [ 103 ] Leeds has over 30 national and international banks, many of whose northern or regional offices are based in the city. It is the headquarters for First Direct and Yorkshire Bank, and has boastfully Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds Banking Group, NatWest Group and Santander operations. [ 101 ] The city is besides an significant kernel for equity, venture and risk finance. The venture capital provider, YFM Equity Partners, founded in Leeds, is nowadays the UK ‘s largest supplier of gamble das kapital to minor and medium-sized enterprises. [ 101 ]

law [edit ]

There are round 150 police firms operating in Leeds, employing over 6,700 people. According to The UK Legal 500, “ Leeds has a sophisticate and highly competitive legal marketplace, second only to London. ” [ 104 ] specialist legal expertness to be found in Leeds includes corporate finance, corporate restructure and insolvency, global visualize financing, trade and investment, commercial litigation, contest, construction, Private Finance Initiatives and Public Private Partnerships, tax, derivatives, IT, employment, pensions, cerebral property, fun and entertainment. [ 104 ] The establishment of an administrative Court in Leeds in April 2009 reinforced Leeds ‘s placement as one of the UK ‘s key legal centres. The woo previously sat only in London. [ 104 ]

Manufacturing [edit ]

Leeds is the UK ‘s third-largest manufacture center and 50 % of the UK ‘s fabrication basis is within a two-hour drive of Leeds. With around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees, Leeds fabrication firms account for 8.8 % of full use in the city. The largest sub-sectors are mastermind, print and publish, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology. [ 103 ] manufacture and distribution accounted for £26m of new property development in the period. [ when? ]

Graphics and gaming [edit ]

There is an install creative industry in the city, peculiarly in the digital gambling sector. A number of large developers have studios in and around the city, including Activision, developers of the mobile versions of the Call of Duty series, [ 105 ] and Rockstar Leeds, developers of the Grand Theft Auto series. In 2009 Leeds was the first city outside London to host the Eurogamer Expo .

leisure and tourism [edit ]

Leeds skyline in 2013 tourism is crucial to the Leeds economy, in 2009 Leeds was the eighth-most visit city in England by UK visitors. [ 106 ] and the 13th-most visit city by oversea visitors. [ 107 ] Research by VisitEngland reported that the day visitor market to Leeds attracts 24.9 million people each year, worth over £654 million to the local economy. [ 108 ] In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveler review of readers, Leeds rated 6th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors. [ 109 ] In 2016, Leeds received 27.29 million leisure tourist visits generating over £1.6bn for the city, according to data from a STEAM sketch. That was a 15.9 % increase in tax income over 2015. A 9.7 % increase in visits had been recorded since 2013. [ 110 ] The diligence supported over 19,000 full-time equivalent jobs in 2016. [ 111 ]

Public sector [edit ]

In Leeds, 108,000 people work in the populace sector—24 % of the work force. The largest employers are Leeds City Council, with 33,000 staff, and the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, with 14,000 staff. [ 112 ] Leeds has become a hub of public-sector health bodies. The Department of Health and Social Care ( DHSC ), NHS England, the Care Quality Commission, NHS Digital, and Public Health England all have large offices in Leeds. Europe ‘s largest teach hospital is besides based in Leeds, and is family to the Yorkshire Cancer Centre, the largest of its kind in Europe. [ 113 ] key government departments and organisations in Leeds include the Department for Work and Pensions, with over 3,000 staff, the DHSC, with over 800 staff, HM Revenue and Customs with over 1,200 staff and the british Library with 1,100 staff. [ 112 ]

Shopping [edit ]

King Edward Street The extensive retail area of Leeds is identified as the principal regional shop center for the whole of the Yorkshire and the Humber region with a catchment of 5.5 million people offering a spend of £1.93 billion annually. [ 114 ] There are a phone number of indoor shopping centres in the concentrate of the city, including the Merrion Centre, St John ‘s Centre, The Core, the Victoria Quarter, The Light, the Corn Exchange, Trinity Leeds, and Victoria Gate. [ 115 ] In full there are well over 1,000 retail stores, with a compound floorspace of 3,660,000 square feet ( 340,000 m2 ). [ 94 ] in Leeds City Centre. The city center has a big pedestrian zone. Briggate is the main shopping street where one can find many well-known british High Street stores, including Marks & Spencer, House of Fraser, Debenhams, Topshop, Costa Coffee and Harvey Nichols. many companies have several stores within Central Leeds and the wide-eyed city .
The Victoria Quarter is luminary for its high-end luxury retailers and impressive computer architecture. 70 stores such as Louis Vuitton, Vivienne Westwood, Paul Smith, Diesel and anchor Harvey Nichols are contained within two iron-wrought victorian arcades, and a raw arcade formed by arcading Queen Victoria Street with the largest area of stain field glass in Britain. [ 116 ] [ 117 ] In the Churwell area of Leeds is the White Rose Shopping Centre. opening in 1997, the center has over 100 senior high school street stores anchored by Debenhams, Marks & Spencer, Primark and Sainsbury ‘s. Some stores have their alone Leeds presence here and do not trade in Central Leeds, such as the Disney Store and Build-A-Bear workshop. Although the kernel is below the average typical size for out of town shop malls like the Trafford Centre or nearby Meadowhall in Sheffield, it remains popular with national and international chains. Of the 40,000 people who work in retail in Leeds 75 % work in places which are not located in the city kernel. There are extra denounce centres located in the many villages that became function of the county borough and in the towns that were incorporated in the City of Leeds in 1974. [ 118 ]
On 21 March 2013, a big shop and leisure complex called Trinity Leeds opened in the city centre. The modern and synergistic retail space covers the old Burton Arcades and the former Leeds Shopping Plaza with its chief entrance from Briggate. [ 119 ]
On 20 October 2016, the newest patronize destination called Victoria Gate opened its doors to the public. The new shopping promenade houses a flagship John Lewis store, the largest outside London. seventy-five per cent of the stores that opened in Victoria Gate were new to Leeds with many of those stores being the first outside of London. [ 120 ] The Springs, located to the east of the city, barely off junction 46 of the M1. [ 121 ]

Markets [edit ]

Leeds is home to one of the largest indoor markets in Europe, [ 122 ] Leeds Kirkgate Market. Leeds besides has respective regular local markets in Otley, Pudsey, and Yeadon. [ 123 ] There is an annual german Christmas Market ( “ Christkindelmarkt ” ) based in Millennium Square, normally running from early November to mid-late December. [ 124 ] The 2020 Christmas Market was cancelled because of the coronavirus pandemic. [ 125 ]

Landmarks [edit ]

Leeds displays a diverseness of natural and build up landmarks. lifelike landmarks include such diverse sites as the grit outcrop of Otley Chevin and the Fairburn Ings RSPB reservation. The city ‘s parks at Roundhay and Temple Newsam have long been owned and maintained by the council for the benefit of ratepayers and among the open spaces in the center of Leeds are Millennium Square, City Square, Park Square and Victoria Gardens. This last is the locate of the central city war memorial : there are 42 other war memorials in the suburb, towns and villages in the district. [ 126 ] The built environment embraces edifices of civic pride like Morley Town Hall and the three of buildings in Leeds, Leeds Town Hall, Corn Exchange and Leeds City Museum by the architect Cuthbert Brodrick. The two white buildings on the Leeds skyline are the Parkinson building of Leeds University and the Civic Hall, with golden owl adorning the tops of the latter ‘s twin spires. [ 127 ] Armley Mills, Tower Works, with its campanile-inspired towers, and the Egyptian-style Temple Works hark back to the city ‘s industrial past, while the site and ruins of Kirkstall Abbey display the beauty and nobility of trappist architecture. noteworthy churches are Leeds Minster ( once Leeds Parish Church ), St George ‘s Church and Leeds Cathedral, in the city center, and the Church of St John the Baptist, Adel and Bardsey Parish Church in quiet locations. luminary non-conformist chapels include the Salem Chapel, dating back to 1791 and notably the birthplace of Leeds United Football Club in 1919. [ 128 ] [ 129 ] Leeds is one of only a few UK cities outside of London to have a significant count of high-rise buildings, the 112-metre ( 367 foot ) tugboat of Bridgewater Place, besides known as The Dalek, is part of a major agency and residential development and the region ‘s tallest build ; it can be seen for miles ( kilometres ) around. [ 130 ] Bridgewater Place has been the subject of debate as its erecting in 2007 caused significant weave burrow effects, channeling strong wind instrument currents across Victoria Road. There have been numerous injuries attributed to the inadequate architecture of this build up [ 131 ] and Water Lane is frequently closed when high winds are expected. In 2017 Leeds City Council undertake construction work in an try to deflect the wind from street flat and the build owners of Bridgewater Place agreed to pay to cover the populace money being spent. [ 132 ] [ 133 ] Among other Skyscrapers the 37-storey Sky Plaza to the north of the city center stands on higher crunch so that its 106 metres ( 348 foot ) is higher than Bridgewater Place. Elland Road ( football ) and Headingley Stadium ( cricket and rugby ) are well known to sports enthusiasts [ citation needed ] and the White Rose Centre is a long-familiar retail exit [ citation needed ] .
Leeds city center, viewed from South Leeds at night

transportation [edit ]

Leeds ‘ transportation system is dominated by cars and it is presently the 9th most clog UK city, with congestion costing £1,057 per driver. [ 134 ] There have long been plans for a populace transmit network in Leeds, yet as of 2020, none have come to fruition. In the 1940s, there were plans to build an extensive clandestine system, however these were scuppered by the second World War. [ 135 ] There were plans for a Leeds Supertram in the 1990s and £500 million in fund was to be provided ; however, due to spiralling costs, the plans were cancelled by the Transport Minister Alistair Darling in 2005, even though £40 million had already been spent on the project. Hopes were renewed with the proposal for a £250 million New Generation Transport Trolleybus service in 2007 ; however, after a retentive delay and millions of pounds spent on inquiries, the plans were cancelled in May 2016 citing little measure for money. [ 136 ] In June 2019, as function of his command to become Prime Minister, Boris Johnson stated that it was “ folly ” that Leeds did not have a metro system. [ 137 ] In December 2019, during his first Queen ‘s Speech, Johnson promised to “ remedy the scandal that Leeds is the largest city in Western Europe without light rail or a metro ”. [ 138 ]

Roads [edit ]

M621 lead towards Central Leeds Leeds is the starting point of the A62, A63, A64, A65, A647 and A660 roads, and is besides situated on the A58 and A61. The M1 and M62 intersect to its confederacy and the A1 ( M ) passes to the east. Leeds is one of the principal hub of the northerly expressway network. additionally, there is an urban expressway network ; the radial M621 takes traffic into central Leeds from the M62 and M1. There is an Inner Ring Road with separate expressway status and an Outer Ring Road. Part of the city center [ 139 ] is pedestrianised, and is encircled by the clockwise-only Loop Road. construction of a major new road in the north east of the city, the East Leeds Orbital Route ( ELOR ), commenced in summer 2019 with completion due by the end of 2021. [ 140 ] During the design and construction of the new road, the project partners, Leeds City Council, West Yorkshire Combined Authority and the Highways Agency, [ 141 ] are aiming to secure extra social value benefits including aiming for a minimum of 75 % of the costs being spent with local anesthetic suppliers and SME, 2 % with local sociable enterprises spend and 0.5 % with female, black and minority cultural ( BAME ) or ex-military personnel owned suppliers. Targets at phase 3 of the visualize ( the main construction phase ) besides include a minimum of 60 % local labor, 26 new starters, 16 apprentices, 20 schools engaged, 100+ unpaid days, one charitable event per year and a minimum Considerate Constructors score of 45/50. [ 142 ] Balfour Beatty are the go contractor. [ 143 ]

Clean Air Charging zone [edit ]

Air quality in Leeds has been declared as being “ insecure ” by the World Health Organization. Neville Street, near Leeds railway station, has been measured as the most pollute outside London. [ 144 ] As function of plans to tackle illegal levels of atmosphere contamination, [ 145 ] there are plans to create a Clean Air Zone in Leeds City Centre and parts of north Leeds, wherein drivers will be charged a daily fee for driving “ older models of buses, taxis and HGVs ” in these areas. The clean air zone was in the first place proposed in 2018 after government ordered the council to come up with ways to lower the air contamination in the city, which causes around 29,000 premature deaths in the UK. [ 146 ] This was intended to begin in January 2020, but was delayed until summer 2020 and then September 2020 owing to delays in the handiness of a politics vehicle registration tool. [ 147 ] This was far delayed by the Coronavirus pandemic until “ at least ” 2021, [ 148 ] before being cancelled all in all in October 2020 due to improvements in the city ‘s air travel choice. [ 149 ]

Buses [edit ]

Public transport in the Leeds area is coordinated and developed by West Yorkshire Metro, [ 150 ] with service information provided by Leeds City Council [ 151 ] and West Yorkshire Metro. The primary means of public transport in Leeds are the bus services. The chief supplier is First Leeds and Arriva Yorkshire serves routes to the south of the city. Leeds City bus station is at Dyer Street and is used by bus services to towns and cities in Yorkshire, plus a little phone number of local services. adjacent to it is the coach station for National Express coach services. Buses out of the city are chiefly provided by First Leeds and Arriva Yorkshire. Harrogate Bus Company provides a overhaul to Harrogate and Ripon. Keighley Bus Company provides a service to Shipley, Bingley and Keighley. The Yorkshire Coastliner overhaul runs from Leeds to Bridlington, Filey, Scarborough and Whitby via York and Malton. Stagecoach in Hull provides a service to Hull via Goole. Stagecoach Yorkshire provides services to Barnsley. besides Transdev operates Flyer services to Leeds Bradford Airport .

rail [edit ]

Leeds presently has the third gear busiest railroad track station, [ 152 ] outside London. From Leeds railroad track post at New Station Street, West Yorkshire Metro trains operated by Northern run to Leeds ‘ suburbs and onwards to all parts of Leeds City Region. The station is one of the busiest in England outside London, with over 900 trains and 50,000 passengers passing through every day. [ 153 ] It provides national and external connections, deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as services to local and regional destinations. The station itself has 17 platforms, making it the largest in England outside London. [ 154 ] The city and metropolitan borough of Leeds is served by 16 railway stations. Plans for a drive place serving Leeds Bradford Airport and two other new stations within the next 20 years were announced in 2016. [ 155 ] Leeds has a less extensive populace enchant coverage than other UK cities of comparable size, and is the largest city in Europe without any phase of easy rail or clandestine system. [ 156 ] high Speed 2 Phase Two was planned to connect Leeds to London via East Midlands Hub and Sheffield, but the Leeds arm was scrapped in November 2021 .

Air [edit ]

Leeds Bradford International Airport is located in Yeadon, about 8 miles ( 13 kilometer ) to the northwest of the city centre, and has direct flights from 8 UK destinations and 70 external destinations. The airport is the tenth busiest airport outside London, [ 157 ] with schedule services running to London Heathrow, Amsterdam, Dublin and Barcelona. There is besides a lead rail service from Leeds to Manchester Airport. [ 158 ]

diversion [edit ]

Waterloo Lake in Roundhay Park, one of the largest urban parks in Europe

Walking [edit ]

The Leeds Country Way is a waymarked circular walk of 62 miles ( 100 kilometer ) through the rural outskirts of the city, never more than 7 miles ( 11 kilometer ) from City Square. The Meanwood Valley Trail leads from Woodhouse Moor along Meanwood Beck to Golden Acre Park. The Leeds extension of the Dales Way follows the Meanwood Valley Trail before it branches off to head towards Ilkley and Windermere. Leeds is on the northern section of the Trans Pennine Trail for walkers and cyclists, and the towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal is another democratic walk and cycling route. The White Rose Way walking drag to Scarborough begins at City Square. In addition, there are many parks and public footpaths in both the urban and rural parts of Leeds, and The Ramblers ‘ Association, YHA and early walking organisations offer sociable walks. The Ramblers ‘ Association publish respective booklets of walks in and around Leeds. [ 159 ]

Parks and open spaces [edit ]

Leeds has many large parks and open spaces. Roundhay Park is the largest park in the city and is one of the largest city parking lot in Europe. The park has more than 700 acres ( 2.8 km2 ) [ 160 ] of park, lakes, forest and gardens which are all owned by Leeds City Council. early parks in the city include : Beckett Park, Bramley Fall Park, Cross Flatts Park, East End Park, Golden Acre Park, Gotts Park, [ 161 ] the gardens and grounds of Harewood House, Horforth Hall Park, Meanwood Park, Middleton Park, Potternewton Park, Pudsey Park, [ 162 ] Temple Newsam, Western Flatts Park and Woodhouse Moor. There are many more smaller park and open spaces scattered around the city, which make up around 21.7 % of the city ‘s entire sphere. A 2017 survey ranked leeds 7th among the ten largest united kingdom cities ( by population ) for the total of green space, although published comments on the survey pointed out major inconsistencies in the city boundaries used. [ 163 ] As part of the South Bank regeneration visualize, plans are in development for Aire Park, a newly 3.5 hectare city center park located conclusion to the former Tetley Brewery site. [ 164 ] Planning license for the first phase to be undertaken by Vastint UK was granted in December 2018. [ 165 ]

education [edit ]

Schools [edit ]

At the meter of the 2001 census Leeds had a population of 183,000 new people aged 0–19 of whom 110,000 were attending local authority schools. [ 166 ] In 2008 Education Leeds, a non-profit company owned by Leeds City Council, provided for 220 basal schools, 39 secondary schools and 6 special inclusive learn centres. [ 167 ] Under the government Building Schools for the Future inaugural, Leeds secured £260m to transform 13 secondary schools into high achieve, e-confident, inclusive schools. The inaugural three of these schools at Allerton High School, Pudsey Grangefield School and Rodillian School were opened in September 2008. [ 168 ] The demand for primary school places in Leeds has recently hit a 15-year bill, with an estimated 10,500 newly starters this class. [ 169 ] The city ‘s oldest and largest private school is the Grammar School at Leeds, which was legally re-created in 2005 following the amalgamation of Leeds Grammar School, established 1552, and Leeds Girls ‘ High School, established 1876. early independent schools in Leeds include faith schools serving the jewish [ 170 ] and Muslim [ 171 ] communities. Leeds was one of a number of local authorities to try the three-tier system with foremost, middle and secondary schools. It reverted to the two-tier system in 1992 .

further and higher education [edit ]

farther education in Leeds is provided by Elliott Hudson College, Leeds City College ( formed by a fusion in 2009 and having over 60,000 students ), Leeds College of Building, University Technical College ( UTC ) Leeds, and Notre Dame Catholic Sixth Form College .

The city is served by five universities, has the UK ‘s fourth-largest student population and the state ‘s fourth-largest urban economy. [ 172 ] Institutions providing higher education include :
The University of Leeds has about 31,000 students, of which 21,500 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students, [ 174 ] Leeds Beckett University has 25,805 [ 175 ] students of which 12,000 are full-time or sandwich undergraduate degree students and 2,100 full-time or sandwich HND students. [ 176 ] Leeds Trinity University has fair under 3,000 students. [ 177 ] The city was voted the Best UK University Destination by a review in The Independent newspaper. [ 178 ]

culture [edit ]

In 2018, Leeds embarked on a five-year cultural investment program, culminating in a year of cultural celebration in 2023. In 2023 the city will hold an international cultural festival which will harness the department of energy, creativity and momentum of the bid to be european Capital of Culture 2023, from which Leeds and other candidate UK cities were disqualified following the United Kingdom ‘s vote to leave the European Union. [ 179 ]

art [edit ]

Although the city ‘s municipal artwork gallery ( Leeds Art Gallery ) did not open until 1888, artwork practice and roll up has a long history in Leeds. J. M. W. Turner painted numerous scenes in and around the city, [ 180 ] and the city was home to one of Britain ‘s largest collections of Pre-Raphaelite Art, owned by Thomas Plint, during the nineteenth hundred. [ 181 ] There was besides an early history of holding large-scale public exhibitions in the city, most notably the series of ‘Polytechnic Exhibitions ‘ held regularly from 1839. [ 182 ] Leeds produced many celebrated artists and sculptors, including Kenneth Armitage, John Atkinson Grimshaw, Jacob Kramer, Barbara Hepworth, Henry Moore, Edward Wadsworth and Joash Woodrow, and was the centre for a particularly revolutionary strain of british art. Before the inaugural World War Leeds was the family of an unusual modernist arts organization, called the Leeds Arts Club, founded by Alfred Orage, which lasted from 1903 to 1923. celebrated members included Jacob Kramer, Herbert Read, Frank Rutter and Michael Sadler. american samoa well as advocating a radical political agenda, supporting the Suffragettes, the Independent Labour Party and the fabian Society, and promoting the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, the Leeds Arts Club was about singular in Britain as being an exponent of german Expressionist ideas about art and culture. As a consequence, it staged very early british exhibitions of ferment by european expressionist artists, such as Wassily Kandinsky, showing their exercise in the city a early as 1913, [ 183 ] and produced its own english Expressionist artists, including Jacob Kramer and Bruce Turner. [ 184 ] In the 1920s Leeds College of Art was the start target for the careers of the sculptors Barbara Hepworth and Henry Moore, and in the 1950s, and 1960s it was one of the leadership centres for radical art education in Britain under the steering of artists such as Harry Thubron and Tom Hudson, and the art historian Norbert Lynton. Their attempts to redefine what art education should mean in the post- Second World War period led the artist Patrick Heron to claim in 1971 in The Guardian newspaper that “ Leeds is the most influential art school in Europe since the Bauhaus “. [ 185 ] This willingness to push at the boundaries of acceptable populace behavior from artists was besides apparent in 1966 when Leeds College of Art staged an exhibition of paintings by the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos, who taught at the college, which was raided by the police after allegations of obscenity. [ 186 ] This radicalism continued into the 1970s when the higher education component of Leeds College of Art was split from the college to form the nucleus of the new multidisciplinary Leeds Polytechnic, now called Leeds Beckett University. Performance artwork had been taught earlier at Leeds College of Art, notably by the Fluxus artist Robin Page during his clock as a coach there in the mid-1960s, but in 1977 a operation art ferment hit the national news program headlines when the students Pete Parkin and Derek Wain used an publicize pistol to shoot a line up of exist budgerigars in front of an audience at Leeds Polytechnic. [ 187 ] The University of Leeds was the alma mater of Herbert Read, one of the leading international theorists of modern art from the mid-twentieth hundred, [ 188 ] and besides the teach establish for the Marxist art historian Arnold Hauser from 1951 to 1985. [ 189 ] partially due to Herbert Read ‘s connection with the University, from 1950 to 1970 the University was the horde of one of the foremost artist-in-residence schemes in Britain, using fund from the then owner of Lund Humphries books, Peter Gregory. The Gregory Fellowships, as the residencies were known, were given to painters and sculptors for up to two years to allow them to develop their own ferment and influence the University in any way they saw fit. Amongst those holding the fellowships were Kenneth Armitage, Reg Butler, Dennis Creffield and Terry Frost and others. Parallel Gregory Fellowships besides existed in music and poetry at the University. [ 190 ] Leeds was besides a concentrate for radical feminist art, with one of the first galleries in Britain dedicated to showing the study of women photographers, the Pavilion Gallery, opening in the city in 1983, and the University of Leeds School of Fine Art being a long-familiar center for the development of feminist art history, under Griselda Pollock, during the 1980s and 1990s. possibly as a result of the forte of feminist art in Leeds, in November 1984 an exhibition of ceramics by students and staff at Leeds Polytechnic was attacked by a group of feminist activists who destroyed eight sculptures on display which they deemed to be degrading to women. [ 191 ] The University of Leeds ‘s School of Fine Art besides specialised in Art & Language conceptual art practice, under Terry Atkinson, again in the 1980s and 1990s. [ 192 ] A major sculpt research center and gallery, the Henry Moore Institute, is located aboard Leeds Art Gallery in the city kernel, and in 2013 a new contemporaneous artwork centre, called The Tetley, opened on the site of the former Tetley Brewery to the south of the city center. In March 2017, The Times voted Leeds as the number one cultural home to live in Britain. This was ahead of London, Birmingham, St Ives, Stratford-upon-Avon and Cheltenham. The citation notes that Leeds has Opera North, the Northern Ballet, and the Leeds Playhouse amongst many other attractions that ranked it at act one. [ 193 ]

Carnivals and festivals [edit ]

Light Night : One of the UK’s largest annual arts and light festivals Leeds West indian Carnival is Western Europe ‘s oldest West indian Carnival, and the UK ‘s third-largest after the Notting Hill and Nottingham Carnival. [ 194 ] [ 195 ] It attracts around 100,000 people over 2 days to the streets of Chapeltown and Harehills. There is a large procession that finishes at Potternewton Park, where there are stalls, entertainment and refreshments. The Leeds Festival, featuring some of the biggest names in rock and indie music, takes seat every year in Bramham Park. The Leeds Asian Festival, once the Leeds Mela, is held in Roundhay Park. [ 196 ] The Otley Folk Festival ( patron : Nic Jones ), [ 197 ] Walking Festival, [ 198 ] Carnival [ 199 ] and victorian Christmas Fayre [ 200 ] are annual events. Light Night Leeds takes place each October, and many venues in the city are open to the public for Heritage Open Days in September. [ 201 ] The Leeds International Pianoforte Competition, established in 1963 by Fanny Waterman and Marion Stein, has been held in the city every three years since 1963 and has launched the careers of many major concert pianists. The Leeds International Concert Season, which includes orchestral and chorale concerts in Leeds Town Hall and other events, is the largest local anesthetic agency music broadcast in the UK. [ 202 ] The Leeds International Film Festival is the largest film festival in England outside London [ 203 ] and shows films from around the world. It incorporates the highly successful Leeds Young People’s Film Festival, which features exciting and innovative films made both for and by children and young people. [ 204 ] Garforth is host to the fortnight-long festival The Garforth Arts Festival which has been an annual consequence since 2005. The Chapel Allerton Arts Festival is a week-long music and arts consequence starting in 1998 and held the week after August Bank Holiday each year. [ 205 ] The Leeds Festival Fringe is a week long-music festival created in 2010 to showcase local anesthetic talent in the workweek anterior to Leeds Festival. Light Night, one of the UK ‘s largest annual arts and light festivals, is a huge fixture on the calendar, taking place in the first week of October, turning the entire city into an art initiation with inner light shows, projections, installations and lots more. [ 206 ] Leeds Pride is an annual LGBT+ festival held since 2006 supported by the city council and local business. [ 207 ] In 2018 attendance was 40,000 [ 208 ] with over 100 floats and benefits the city by over £3.8 million. [ 208 ] [ 209 ] [ 210 ] The city has a sponsorship dodge for its 15 Rainbow Plaques commemorating places and events that are of significance to the LGBT+ community organised through Leeds Civic Trust. [ 211 ] early festivals include Transform and Thought Bubble .

cinema [edit ]

In October 1888 Louis Le Prince filmed moving picture sequences Roundhay Garden Scene and a Leeds Bridge street scenery using his single-lens camera and Eastman ‘s paper film. [ 212 ] These were several years before the work of competing inventors such as Auguste and Louis Lumière and Thomas Edison. today, Leeds International Film Festival ‘s International Short Film Competition is named after Louis Le Prince. [ 213 ] The 2015 documentary film The First Film, which first aired at the Edinburgh International Film Festival, documents Le Prince ‘s initiate status. [ 214 ] Wordsworth Donisthorpe who was besides from Leeds, filmed the second-oldest-surviving film. It is not known if he and Louis Le Prince ever met but they both had a potent connection to the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. Donisthorpe ‘s patent for a camera to capture the moving image pre dated Le Prince ‘s by twelve years. [ citation needed ] Leeds has a rich film exhibition culture. In accession to the Leeds International Film Festival and Leeds Young Film Festival, the city hosts numerous mugwump film and pop fly venues for film screenings. [ 215 ] The Cottage Road Cinema and Hyde Park Picture House have continuously been showing films since 1912 and 1914, respectively, which ranks them among the oldest still-running film in the UK. [ 216 ]

literature [edit ]

Leeds has produced many writers of note, including celebrated writer and dramatist Alan Bennett. J. R. R. Tolkien, author of The Lord of the Rings, lived and taught in Leeds from 1921 to 1925. [ 217 ] leeds Central Library, the city ‘s populace library is located on Calverley Street, near many of Leeds ‘ other municipal buildings. [ 218 ] The Leeds Library in Commercial Street is a private subscription library, and the oldest surviving library of this kind in the UK. [ 219 ] The british Library houses a significant dowry of its solicitation just outside Boston Spa, a greenwich village within the City of Leeds. The Boston Spa location is home to the library ‘s newspaper archive, which contains over 20 million items. [ 220 ] The library besides plans to open a facility in Leeds City Centre, potentially in the Grade I listed Temple Works in the South Bank sphere. [ 221 ] In 2019 and 2020, Leeds hosted the Leeds Lit Fest, a “ non-traditional ” literature festival, incorporating talks, panels & workshops. [ 222 ] There are plans to create a National Poetry Centre in Leeds. [ 223 ]

Museums [edit ]

Leeds Museum Discovery Centre Leeds has over 16 museums and galleries including 9 that are council-run. A fresh Leeds City Museum opened in 2008 [ 224 ] in Millennium Square. Leeds ‘s major museum, it showcases the city ‘s intend collections of local history, universe cultures, natural history, archeology and ticket and cosmetic arts plus a divers program of limited exhibitions. Abbey House Museum is housed in the early gatehouse of Kirkstall Abbey, and includes walk-through victorian streets and galleries describing the history of the abbey, childhood, and victorian Leeds. Armley Mills Industrial Museum is housed in what was once the earth ‘s largest woolen mill, [ 225 ] and includes industrial machinery and railroad track locomotives. This museum besides shows the first known moving pictures in the global which were taken in the city, by Louis Le Prince, of a Roundhay Garden Scene and of Leeds Bridge in 1888. These short film clips can be found on YouTube. Thwaite Mills Watermill Museum is a fully restored 1820s water-powered mill on the River Aire to the east of the city center. The Thackray Museum is a museum of the history of medicine, featuring topics such as victorian public health, pre-anaesthesia operation, and safety in childbirth. It is housed in a former workhouse following to St James ‘s Hospital. The Royal Armouries Museum, the United Kingdom ‘s national collection of arms and armor, opened in 1996 in a dramatic modern build when this character of the solicitation was transferred from the Tower of London. It is located a abruptly distance from the city center at Leeds Dock. Nearby is the Leeds Museum Discovery Centre ( once housed at the Leeds Museum Resource Centre in Yeadon ), [ 226 ] the major memory of items not presently on display in museums, and open to the public by appointment. [ 226 ] [ 227 ] Leeds Art Gallery houses authoritative collections of traditional and contemporary british art, with the best twentieth hundred collection outside London and a colorful wall paint for the victorian stairway by Lothar Götz. [ 228 ] Just adjacent doorway, The Henry Moore Institute is dedicated to celebrating sculpture. In the iconic build, they host a year-round change plan of historic, mod and contemporary exhibitions presenting sculpt from across the universe. Located in the assume art deco headquarters of the former brewery, The Tetley is a centre for contemporary art, centred on creativity, invention and experiment. Smaller museums in Leeds include Otley Museum ; Horsforth Village Museum ; [ 229 ] ULITA, an Archive of International Textiles ; [ 230 ] and the museum at Fulneck Moravian Settlement .

Music, theater and dance [edit ]

Leeds is home to the refurbished Grand Theatre where the entirely national opera ship’s company outside London, Opera North, is based. [ 231 ] The City Varieties Music Hall is one of the UK ‘s few remaining music halls, and excellently hosted performances by Charlie Chaplin and Harry Houdini. It was besides the venue of the BBC television program The Good Old Days. The newest theater, containing two auditoriums, is the Leeds Playhouse, which had once been known as the West Yorkshire Playhouse. [ 232 ] [ 233 ] [ 234 ] Just confederacy of Leeds Bridge once stood The Theatre which hosted Sarah Siddons and Ching Lau Lauro in 1786 and 1834, respectively. [ 235 ] [ 236 ] Leeds is besides home to Phoenix Dance Theatre, who were formed in the Harehills sphere of the city in 1981, and Northern Ballet Theatre. [ 237 ] In fall 2010 the two companies moved into a purpose-built dance kernel which is the largest distance for dance external London. It is besides the only quad for dancing to family a national classical and a home contemporaneous dance company aboard each another. [ 238 ] The First Direct Arena [ 239 ] opened in September 2013. The 13,500-seater stadium is quickly becoming the city ‘s count one venue for hot music, indoor sports and many early events. Concerts are besides held at the O2 Academy, Elland Road, which has hosted groups such as Queen and Kaiser Chiefs, among others and at the universities. Roundhay Park in union Leeds has seen some of the global ‘s biggest artists including Michael Jackson, Madonna, Bruce Springsteen and Robbie Williams. popular musical acts originating from Leeds include Soft Cell, Kaiser Chiefs, The Pigeon Detectives, The Wedding Present, The Sunshine Underground, The Sisters of Mercy, Hadouken !, Corinne Bailey Rae, Dinosaur Pile-Up, Pulled Apart by Horses, Gang of Four, Hood, The Rhythm Sisters, Utah Saints, Alt-J and Melanie B of the Spice Girls. [ 240 ] [ 241 ] [ 242 ] [ 243 ] [ 244 ] [ 245 ]
On Valentine ‘s Day 1970, The Who performed and recorded their album Live at Leeds at the University of Leeds Refectory. Since its initial reception, Live at Leeds has been cited by several music critics as the best bouncy rock ‘n’ roll commemorate of all time. [ 246 ] [ 247 ] [ 248 ] Pink Floyd ‘s popular irregular single “ See Emily Play “ was written in Leeds in 1967 after a gig in the old Leeds City College Technology Campus, then known as Kitson College. [ 249 ] Leeds is the only city outside of London to have its own repertory field, ballet, and opera companies. [ 250 ]

nightlife [edit ]

Leeds is purple Flag accredited to indicate an harbor, diverse, safe and enjoyable night. [ 251 ] Leeds has the fourth largest student population in the country ( over 200,000 [ 252 ] ), and is therefore one of the UK ‘s hotspots for night-life. There are a big number of pubs, bars, nightclubs and restaurants, angstrom well as a multitude of venues for live music. The wax rate of music tastes is catered for in Leeds. It includes the original home of the celebrated club nights back 2 Basics, Speedqueen and Vague. [ 253 ] Morley was the location of techno cabaret The Orbit. [ 254 ] Leeds has a issue of large ‘super-clubs ‘ and there is a choice of independent clubs such as Club Mission and Mint Club, which is systematically ranked as one of the world ‘s best clubs by DJ Magazine. Two early Leeds clubs, The Warehouse and The Garage, featured in the top 100 Clubs tilt from 2013. [ 255 ] The Garage has since closed. The F Club was club night that ran in Leeds between 1977 and 1982 and specialised in hood rock and post-punk. [ 256 ] [ 257 ] It would prove highly influential to the growth of the peasant subculture, due to it leading to the formation of seminal gothic rock ‘n’ roll bands like The Sisters of Mercy, The March Violets and Southern Death Cult. [ 258 ] The now-defunct club Le Phonographique was located in the Merrion Centre and was the first gothic cabaret in the world. [ 259 ] [ 260 ] Leeds has a well established LGBT+ nightlife scene, predominantly located in the Freedom Quarter on Lower Briggate. [ 261 ] The New Penny is one of the UK ‘s longest running LGBT+ venues, and Leeds oldest gay prevention. The Viaduct Showbar holds puff cabaret, alive shows and DJs. other places include The Bridge, Blayds Bar, Tunnel Leeds and Queens Court. popular areas for nightlife in Leeds include Call Lane, Briggate and the Arena Quarter. Towards Millennium Square is a growing entertainment zone providing for both students and weekend visitors. The squarely has many bars and restaurants and a large outdoor riddle. Millennium Square is a venue for big seasonal events such as a Christmas market, gigs and concerts, and citywide parties. It is adjacent to the Mandela Gardens, which were opened by Nelson Mandela in 2001. A number of public art features, fountains, and greenery can be found here. yorkshire has a great history of real ale, [ 262 ] but several bars near the railroad track post are fusing traditional beers with a modern browning automatic rifle. popular bars such as this include The Hop, The Cross Keys and The Brewery Tap. Leeds besides hosts an annual Leeds International Beer Festival, held at Leeds Town Hall every September .

Media [edit ]

yorkshire Post Newspapers Ltd, owned by Johnston Press plc, is based in the city, and produces a day by day morning circular, The Yorkshire Post, and an even wallpaper, the Yorkshire Evening Post ( YEP ). The YEP has a web site which includes a series of residential district pages which focus on specific areas of the city. [ 263 ] The Wetherby News covers chiefly areas within the north easterly sector of the zone, and the Wharfedale & Airedale Observer, published in Ilkley, covers the northwest, both appearing weekly. The two largest universities both have scholar newspapers, the weekly Leeds Student from the University of Leeds and the monthly The Met from Leeds Beckett University. The Leeds Guide was a fortnightly listings magazine, which was established in 1997 and ceased publication in 2012. free publications include the Leeds Weekly News, produced by Yorkshire Post Newspapers in four geographic versions and distributed to households in the independent urban sphere of the city, [ 264 ] and the regional interpretation of Metro which is distributed on buses and at railway stations. regional television and radio stations have bases in the city : BBC Television and ITV both have regional studios and broadcasting centres in Leeds, in addition to Channel 4 having recently [ when? ] announced that their national HQ will be located in Leeds. [ 265 ] ITV Yorkshire, once Yorkshire Television, broadcasts from the Leeds Studios on Kirkstall Road. There are a count of freelancer film production companies, including the nonprofit organization accommodative Leeds Animation Workshop, founded in 1978 ; community television producers Vera Media and respective belittled commercial product companies. BBC Radio Leeds, Pulse 1, Greatest Hits Radio, Capital Yorkshire and Heart Yorkshire broadcast from the city. LSRfm.com, is based in Leeds University Union, and regularly hosts outdoor broadcasts around the city. many communities within Leeds immediately have their own local radio receiver stations, such as East Leeds FM and Tempo FM for Wetherby and the surrounding areas [ citation needed ]. Leeds has a local television station called Leeds television receiver which is required to broadcast 37 hours a week of first-run local scheduling. [ 266 ] The station had launched in 2014 as Made in Leeds which launched across the city in 2014. [ 267 ] A privately owned television receiver station : Leeds Television is run by volunteers and supported by professionals in the media diligence. [ citation needed ]

sport [edit ]

The city has teams representing all the major national sports. Leeds United F.C. is the city ‘s main football clubhouse, extra clubs include Guiseley AFC and Farsley Celtic. Leeds United was formed in 1919 and plays at the 37,890-capacity Elland Road Stadium in Beeston. The team rejoined the Premier League, following a sixteen-year stretch in lower divisions, after they won promotion by winning the EFL Championship in 2019–20. Guiseley was formed in 1909 and plays at the 4,000 capacity Nethermoor Park Stadium in Guiseley. The team plays in the National League North they won promotion to the National League for the beginning time ever in 2014/15 after beating Chorley 2–3. Farsley Celtic was formed in 1908 and plays in the National League North and their stadium is Throstle Nest .
Leeds Rhinos are the most successful rugby league team in Leeds. In 2009, they became first club to be Super League champions three seasons running, giving them their fourth Super League championship. [ 268 ] They play their home games at the Headingley Rugby Stadium. Hunslet, based at the John Charles Centre for Sport, play in the Co-Operative Championship One. East Leeds and Oulton Raiders play in the National Conference League. Bramley Buffaloes ( previously Bramley ), and Leeds Akkies were members of the Rugby League Conference. Leeds Tykes are the foremost rugby union team in Leeds and they previously besides played at Headingley. They play in National League 1 having been relegated from RFU Championship at the end of the 2019–20 season. Otley RUFC are a rugby union club based to the union of the city and compete in National League 2 North, whilst Morley RFC, located in Morley presently play in National Division Three North .
Headingley Cricket Stadium is home to Yorkshire County Cricket Club which is the most successful cricket team in England, with 33 County Championship wins ( including one shared ). Their main rivals are Lancashire. Leeds City Athletic Club competes in the british Athletics League and UK Women ‘s League arsenic well as the Northern Athletics League. Leeds is home to a number of airfield field hockey clubs that compete in the North Hockey League, Yorkshire Hockey Association League and BUCS leagues. These include Leeds Hockey Club, Leeds Adel Carnegie Hockey Club, the University of Leeds Hockey Club and Leeds Beckett University Hockey Club. [ 269 ] [ 270 ] [ 271 ] [ 272 ] [ 273 ] Leeds Hockey Club Men ‘s 1s gain forwarding at the end of the 2016/2017 season to become Leeds ‘s first ice hockey team competing in a National League. [ 274 ] The City of Leeds Synchronised Swimming Club [ 275 ] train at the John Charles Centre for Sport and are represented by swimmers throughout the hale of the North East. The club was founded in 2008 and only compete in National and International Competition. The city has a wealth of sports facilities including the Elland Road football stadium, a master of ceremonies stadium during the 1996 european Football Championship ; the Headingley Carnegie Stadiums, adjacent stadium world-famous for both cricket and rugby league and the John Charles Centre for Sport with an Olympic-sized pool in its Aquatics Centre [ 276 ] and includes a multi-use stadium. other facilities include the Leeds Wall ( climbing ) and Yeadon Tarn sailing center. In 1929 the first Ryder Cup of Golf to be held on british dirt was competed for at the Moortown Golf club in Leeds and Wetherby has a National Hunt racetrack. [ 277 ] In the period 1928 to 1939 speedway race was staged in Leeds on a racetrack at the greyhound stadium known as Fullerton Park, adjacent to Elland Road. The chase entered a team in the 1931 Northern league .
placement of the 2014 Grand Depart The 2014 Tour de France Grand Départ took station from the Headrow in Leeds city concentrate on 5 July 2014. Leeds is well known for its divers and features some of the best dive facilities in the UK. City of Leeds Diving Club, who train at the John Charles Centre for Sport, has trained many athletes who have competed at external and Olympic horizontal surface, with Jack Laugher and Chris Mears making history by becoming the beginning always divers from Great Britain to win an Olympic gold decoration, a feat they accomplished at the 2016 Rio Olympics. Leeds has an methamphetamine ice hockey team, the Leeds Chiefs ; they play at the Planet Ice Arena in Beeston, Leeds in the National Ice Hockey League .

Teams [edit ]

religion [edit ]

The majority of people in Leeds identify themselves as Christian. [ 86 ] Leeds does not have a church of England Cathedral : it is in the Anglican Diocese of Leeds ( once in the Diocese of Ripon and Leeds ), headed by the Bishop of Leeds, which has cathedrals in Bradford, Ripon and Wakefield although the Bishop ‘s mansion has been in Leeds since 2008. The most important anglican church is Leeds Minster, although St. George ‘s has the largest congregation by far. [ citation needed ] Leeds has a Roman Catholic Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds. Many other christian denominations and new religious movements are established in Leeds, including Assemblies of God, Baptist, Christian Scientist, latter-day Saints ( “ LDS ” or “ Mormon “ ), Community of Christ, Greek Orthodox, Jehovah ‘s Witnesses, Jesus Army, Lutheran, Methodist, Moravian, Nazarene, Newfrontiers, Pentecostal, Salvation Army, Seventh-day Adventist, Society of Friends ( “ Quakers ” ), unitarian, United Reformed, Vineyard, an ecumenic chinese church, Winners ‘ Chapel and respective autonomous churches. [ 278 ] [ 279 ]
Sikh Temple, Chapeltown Road Harehills Mosque The proportion of Muslims in Leeds is slightly above average for the state ( 5.4 % as of 2011 ). [ 86 ] Mosques can be found throughout the city, serving Muslim communities in Chapeltown, Harehills, Hyde Park and parts of Beeston. The largest mosque is Leeds Grand Mosque in Hyde Park. The Sikh community is represented by gurdwaras ( temples ) spread across the city, the largest being in Chapeltown. There is besides a colorful religious annual progress, called the Nagar Kirtan, into Millennium Square in the city center on 13–14 April to celebrate Vaisakhi —the Sikh New Year and the give birth of the religion. It is estimated that around 3,000 Sikhs in Leeds take part in this annual event. Leeds ‘s Jewish residential district is the third-largest in the United Kingdom, after London and Greater Manchester. [ 280 ] [ 281 ] The areas of Alwoodley and Moortown contain ample jewish populations. [ 87 ] There are eight active synagogues in Leeds. [ 282 ] The Hindu residential district in Leeds has a temple ( mandir ) at Hyde Park. [ 283 ] The temple has all the major Hindu deities and is dedicated to the Lord Mahavira of the Jains. [ 284 ] assorted Buddhist traditions are represented in Leeds, [ 285 ] including : Soka Gakkai [ citation needed ], Theravada, Tibetan, Triratna Buddhist Community and Zen. The Buddhist community ( sangha ) comes together to celebrate the major festival of Wesak in May. There is besides a community of the Bahá’í Faith in Leeds. [ 286 ]

Public services [edit ]

Water supply and sewer services in Leeds are provided by Yorkshire Water, part of the Kelda Group. Prior to 1973 water and sewage services had been provided by the Leeds Corporation. Leeds City Council has a target of 11MW of renewable energy from onshore wreathe by 2010 and an aspirational aim of 75MW by 2020. There are presently no operational fart farms in Leeds, but a planning application by Banks Renewables Ltd for five turbines at Hook Moor near Micklefield was approved in 2011. [ 287 ]
leeds Central Library The area is policed by the West Yorkshire Police. The storm has five patrol districts covering the West Yorkshire sphere, one of which covers Leeds. The Leeds District Headquarters is located at Elland Road in the south of the city. In the northwest of the city the main stations are Weetwood and Woodhouse Lane ; in the northeast, the main stations are Stainbeck near Chapel Allerton and Killingbeck ; in the south the main stations are leeds Central, located on Park Street in the city center, and the District Headquarters itself. Fire and rescue services are provided by the West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service. The open fire stations in Leeds are : Cookridge, Gipton, Hunslet, Stanks, Moortown, Stanningley and the “ Leeds ” burn post ( near the city center, on Kirkstall Road ). NHS health services are provided by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds Primary Care Trust [ 288 ] and Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, [ 289 ] [ 290 ] which provides mental health services. Leeds General Infirmary ( “ LGI ” ) is a listed building with more late additions and is in the city center. St James ‘s University Hospital, known locally as “ Jimmy ‘s ”, [ 291 ] [ 292 ] is to the north east of the city center and is the largest education hospital in Europe. other new hampshire hospitals are Chapel Allerton Hospital, Seacroft Hospital, Wharfedale Hospital in Otley, and Leeds Dental Institute. The raw NHS Leeds Website provides information on NHS services in Leeds. [ 293 ] West Yorkshire Joint Services provides analytic, archaeological, archives, ecology, materials testing and trade standards services in Leeds and the other four districts of West Yorkshire. It was created following the abolition of the county council in 1986 and expanded in 1997, and is funded by the five zone councils, pro rata to their population. The Leeds site of the archives service is in the early public library at Sheepscar, Leeds. [ 294 ] Leeds City Council is responsible for over 50 public libraries across the wholly city, including 5 mobile libraries. The main Central Library is located on the Headrow in the city center .

exemption of the City [edit ]

The keep up people and military units have received the Freedom of the City of Leeds .

Individuals [edit ]

military units [edit ]

See besides [edit ]

Notes and references [edit ]

Citations [edit ]

Sources [edit ]

• Burt, S.; Grady, K. (1994). The Illustrated History of Leeds. Breedon Books. ISBN 9781873626351.
• Fraser, Derek (1982). A History of Modern Leeds. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0781-1.
• Unsworth and Stillwell (2004). Twenty-First Century Leeds: Geographies of a Regional City. Leeds: Leeds University Press. ISBN 0-85316-242-5.

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