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Son of a prince, king, queen, emperor or empress, or other high-level person ( such as a deluxe duke )
This article is about the royal deed. For the musician, see Prince ( musician ). For other uses, see Prince ( disambiguation )
A prince is a male rule ( ranked below a king, expansive prince, and thousand duke ) or a male member of a monarch ‘s or erstwhile monarch ‘s family. Prince is besides a title of nobility ( often highest ), frequently familial, in some european states. The feminine equivalent is a princess. The english word derives, via the french word prince, from the Latin noun prīnceps, from primus ( first base ) and capio ( to seize ), meaning “ the first, foremost, the foreman, most distinguished, noble ruler, prince ”. [ 1 ]

diachronic background [edit ]

The Latin password prīnceps ( older Latin *prīsmo-kaps, literally “ the one who takes the first gear [ place/position ] ” ), became the usual title of the informal leader of the Roman senate some centuries before the conversion to empire, the princeps senatus.

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emperor Augustus established the formal position of sovereign on the basis of principate, not district. He besides tasked his grandsons as summer rulers of the city when most of the politics were on holiday in the area or attending religious rituals, and, for that undertaking, granted them the title of. The title has generic and substantive meanings :

prince as generic for rule [edit ]

The original but now less common use of the son was the application of the Latin word prīnceps, from former Roman jurisprudence and the classical system of government that finally gave way to the European feudal club. In this sense, a prince is a rule of a territory that is sovereign or quasi-sovereign, i.e., exercising substantial ( though not all ) prerogatives associated with monarchs of independent nations, such as the immediate states within the historical boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire. In medieval and early Modern Europe, there were equally many as two hundred such territories, particularly in Italy, Germany, and Gaelic Ireland. In this common sense, “ prince ” is used of any and all rulers, regardless of actual title or precise rate. This is the Renaissance use of the terminus found in Niccolò Machiavelli ‘s celebrated work, Il Principe. [ 3 ] It is besides used in this sense in the United States Declaration of Independence. As a title, by the end of the medieval era, prince was borne by rulers of territories that were either well smaller than those of or exercised fewer of the rights of sovereignty than did emperors and kings. A lord of even a quite humble district might come to be referred to as a prince before the thirteenth century, either from translations of a native championship into the latin prīnceps ( as for the ancestral ruler of Wales ) or when the lord ‘s territory was allodial. The godhead of an allodium owned his lands and exercise prerogatives over the subjects in his territory absolutely, owing no feudal court or duty as a vassal to a liege lord, nor being national to any higher legal power. Most humble territories designated as principalities during feudal eras were allodial, e.g. the Princedom of Dombes. Lords who exercised lawful authority over territories and people within a feudal hierarchy were besides sometimes regarded as princes in the general common sense, specially if they held the rank of count or higher. This is attested in some surviving styles for for example, british earls, marquesses, and dukes are hush addressed by the Crown on ceremonial occasions as high and noble princes ( californium. Royal and lord styles ). In parts of the Holy Roman Empire in which primogeniture did not prevail ( for example, Germany ), all legalize agnates had an peer mighty to the family ‘s familial titles. While offices such as emperor, king, and elector could alone be legally occupied by one dynast at a time, holders of such early titles as duke, margrave, landgrave, count palatine, and prince could merely differentiate themselves by adding the appoint of their appanage to the family ‘s original title. This tended to proliferate unwieldy titles ( e.g. Princess Katherine of Anhalt-Zerbst ; Karl, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Neukastell-Kleeburg ; or Prince Christian Charles of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön-Norburg ) and, as agnate primogeniture gradually became the norm in the Holy Roman Empire by the end of the eighteenth hundred, another means of distinguishing the monarch from other members of his dynasty became necessity. gradual substitution of the claim of Prinz for the monarch ‘s championship of Fürst occurred, and became accustomed for cadets in all german dynasties except in the exalted duchies of Mecklenburg and Oldenburg. [ 4 ] Both Prinz and Fürst are translated into English as “ prince ”, but they reflect not only unlike but mutually exclusive concepts. This distinction had evolved before the eighteenth century ( although Liechtenstein farseeing remained an exception, with cadets and females using Fürst/Fürstin into the nineteenth century ) for dynasties headed by a Fürst in Germany. The custom spread through the celibate to such an extent that a celebrated imperial general who belonged to a cadet branch of a reigning ducal family, remains best known to history by the generic dynastic entitle, “ Prince Eugene of Savoy “. eminence that the deluxe championship was used as a prefix to his christian name, which besides became customary. Cadets of France ‘s early princes étrangers affected similar custom under the Bourbon kings. Always facing the agnosticism of Saint-Simon and like-minded courtiers, these quasi-royal aristocrats ‘ assumption of the deluxe title as a personal, preferably than territorial, designation encountered some resistance. In writing Histoire Genealogique et Chonologique, Père Anselme accepts that, by the end of the seventeenth hundred, the heir apparent to the House of La Tour d’Auvergne ‘s sovereign duchy bears the title Prince de Bouillon, but he would record in 1728 that the successor ‘s La Tour cousin, the Count of Oliergues, is “ known as the Prince Frederick ” ( “ dit lupus erythematosus prince Frédéric ” ). [ 5 ] The post-medieval absolute of gefürsteter Graf ( deluxe count ) embraced but elevated the german equivalent of the intermediate french, English and spanish nobles. In the Holy Roman Empire, these nobles rose to dynastic status by preserving from the Imperial crown ( de jure after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ) the exercise of such sovereign prerogatives as the mint of money ; the conscription of military troops and the right to engage war and condense treaties ; local anesthetic judicial agency and police enforcement ; and the habit of inter-marrying with sovereign dynasties. By the nineteenth century, cadets of a Fürst would become known as Prinzen .

Princes consort and princes of the rake [edit ]

The conserve of a queen regnant is normally titled “ prince choir “ or plainly “ prince ”, whereas the wives of male monarchs take the female equivalent ( e.g., empress, queen ) of their conserve ‘s title. In Brazil, Portugal and Spain, however, the conserve of a female monarch is accorded the masculine equivalent of her title ( for example, emperor, king ), at least after he fathered her heir. In previous epochs, husbands of queens regnant were frequently deemed entitled to the crown marital, sharing their consorts ‘ regnal style and rank jure uxoris. however, in cultures which allow the ruler to have several wives ( for example, four in Islam ) or official concubines ( for example, Imperial China, Ottoman Empire, Thailand, KwaZulu-Natal ), these women, sometimes jointly refer to as a harem, much have particular rules determining their relative hierarchy and a variety of titles, which may distinguish between those whose offspring can be in line for the sequence or not, or specifically who is mother to the heir to the throne. To complicate matters, the expressive style His/Her (Imperial/Royal) Highness, a prefix frequently accompanying the title of a dynastic prince, may be awarded/withheld individually ( as a compromise or consolation pry, in some smell, for example, Duke of Cádiz, Duchess of Windsor, Princesse de Réthy, Prince d’Orléans-Braganza ). Although the arrangement set out above is the one that is most normally understood, there are besides different systems. Depending on area, epoch, and translation, early usages of “ prince ” are possible. Foreign-language titles such as italian : principe, french : prince, german : Fürst, german : Prinz ( non-reigning descendant of a reigning monarch ), [ 6 ] [ 7 ] russian : князь, romanized : knyaz, etc., are normally translated as “ prince ” in English. Some princely titles are derived from those of national rulers, such as tsarevich from czar. other examples are (e)mirza(da), khanzada[disambiguation needed], nawabzada, sahibzada, shahzada, sultanzada ( all using the iranian patronymic suffix -zada, meaning “ son, descendant ” ). however, some deluxe titles develop in unusual ways, such as borrowing of a style for dynasts which is not pegged to the rule ‘s title, but preferably continues an old tradition ( for example, “ distinguished duke “ in Romanov Russia or “ archduke “ in Habsburg Austria ), claims dynastic succession to a lost monarchy ( e.g. Prince de Tarente for the La Trémoïlle heirs to the Neapolitan enthrone ), or descends from a rule whose deluxe title or sovereign status was not delaware jure ancestral, but attributed to descendants as an external courtesy, ( e.g., Bibesco-Bassaraba de Brancovan, Poniatowski, Ypsilanti ) .

specific titles [edit ]

In some dynasties, a specific style other than prince has become customary for dynasts, such as fils de France in the House of Capet, and Infante. Infante was borne by children of the sovereign early than the successor apparent in all of the iberian monarchies. Some monarchies used a specific deluxe title for their heirs, such as Prince of Asturias in Spain and Prince of Brazil in Portugal. sometimes a specific title is normally used by diverse dynasties in a region, e.g. Mian in assorted of the Punjabi princely Hill States ( lower Himalayan region in British India ). european dynasties normally awarded appanages to princes of the lineage, typically attached to a feudal lord title, such as Prince of Orange in the Netherlands, Britain ‘s royal dukes, the Dauphin in France, the Count of Flanders in Belgium, and the Count of Syracuse in Sicily. sometimes appanage titles were deluxe, e.g. prince of Achaia ( Courtenay ), Prince de Condé ( Bourbon ), Prince of Carignan ( Savoy ), but it was the fact that their owners were of deluxe rank quite than that they held a princely title which was the source of their pre-eminence. For the frequently specific terminology concerning an heir apparent, see peak prince .

prince as a meaty deed [edit ]

other princes derive their title not from dynastic membership as such, but from inheritance of a title named for a specific and historic district. The class ‘s possession of prerogatives or properties in that territory might be long past. such were most of the “ princedoms ” of France ‘s ancien régime, so resented for their ostentation in the memoirs of Saint-Simon. These included the princedoms of Arches-Charleville, Boisbelle-Henrichemont, Chalais, Château-Regnault, Guéménée, Martigues, Mercœur, Sedan, Talmond, Tingrey, and the “ kingship ” of Yvetot, [ 8 ] among others .

prince as a regnant monarch [edit ]

A prince or princess who is the head of department of state of a territory that has a monarchy as a imprint of politics is a reigning prince .

extant principalities [edit ]

The current deluxe monarchies include :

coat of arms of the principality of Andorra ( 1607 ) .
coat of arms of the principality of Liechtenstein ( 1719 ) .

In the lapp tradition, some self-proclaimed monarchs of alleged “ micronations “ style themselves as princes :

prince exercising head of state ‘s authority [edit ]

respective monarchies provide for different modes in which princes of the dynasty can temporarily or permanently share in the style and/or function of the monarch, e.g. as regent or viceroy. Though these offices may not be reserved legally for members of the opinion dynasty, in some traditions they are filled by dynasts, a fact which may be reflected in the style of the agency, e.g. “ prince-president “ for Napoleon III as french heading of submit but not however emperor, or “ prince-lieutenant ” in Luxembourg, repeatedly filled by the peak prince before the thousand duke ‘s abdication, or in form of consortium imperii. Some monarchies even have a drill in which the monarch can formally abdicate in favor of his successor and so far retain a kingly title with executive ability, e.g. Maha Upayuvaraja ( Sanskrit for Great Joint King in Cambodia ), though sometimes besides conferred on brawny regents who exercised administrator powers .

Non-dynastic princes [edit ]

In several countries of the European continent, such as France, prince can be an aristocratic style of person having a high rank and file of nobility or as lord of a meaning fief, but not ruling any actual territory and without any necessary connect to the royal class, which makes it difficult to compare with the british system of royal princes. France and the Holy Roman Empire The kings of France started to bestow the style of prince, as a title among the nobility, from the sixteenth century onwards. These titles were created by elevating a seigneurie to the nominal status of a principality—although prerogatives of sovereignty were never conceded in the letters patent. princely titles self-assumed by the princes du sang and by the princes étrangers were by and large tolerated by the king and used at the royal court, outside the Parlement of Paris. These titles held no official place in the hierarchy of the nobility, but were frequently treated as rank equitable below ducal peerages, since they were much inherited ( or assumed ) by ducal heirs :
This can evening occur in a monarchy within which an identical but real and meaty feudal title exists, such as Fürst in German. An case of this is :

title in assorted western traditions and languages [edit ]

In each case, the style is followed ( when available ) by the female mannequin and then ( not constantly available, and obviously rarely applicable to a prince of the blood without a principality ) the list of the territory associated with it, each separated by a cut. If a second title ( or set ) is besides given, then that one is for a prince of the lineage, the first base for a principality. Be mindful that the absence of a separate deed for a prince of the rake may not always mean no such title exists ; alternatively, the universe of a discussion does not imply there is besides a reality in the linguistic territory concerned ; it may very well be used entirely to render titles in other languages, careless whether there is a historical connect with any ( which often means that linguistic custom is adopted ) Etymologically, we can discern the succeed traditions ( some languages followed a diachronic radio link, e.g. within the Holy Roman Empire, not their language class ; some even fail to follow the lapp logic for certain other aristocratic titles ) :

romance languages [edit ]

Languages (mostly Romance) only using the Latin root prīnceps:
- Catalan: Príncep/Princesa, Príncep/Princesa
- French: Prince/Princesse, Prince/Princesse
- Friulian: Princip/Principesse, Princip/Principesse
- Italian: Principe/Principessa, Principe/Principessa
- Latin (post-Roman): Princeps/*Princeps/*
- Monegasque: Principu/Principessa, Principu/Principessa
- Occitan: Prince/Princessa, Prince/Princessa
- Portuguese: Príncipe/Princesa, Príncipe/Princesa
- Rhaeto-Romansh: Prinzi/Prinzessa, Prinzi/Prinzessa
- Romanian: Prinţ/Prinţesă, Principe/Principesă
- Spanish: Príncipe/Princesa, Príncipe/Princesa
- Venetian: Principe/Principessa, Principe/Principessa

celtic languages [edit ]

Germanic languages [edit ]

Languages (mainly Germanic) that use (generally alongside a prīnceps-derivate for princes of the blood) an equivalent of the German Fürst:
- Anglo-Teutonic: King’s Thane
- English: Prince/Princess, Prince/Princess
- Afrikaans: Prins
- Danish: Fyrste/Fyrstinde, Prins/Prinsesse
- Dutch: Vorst/Vorstin, Prins/Prinses
- Faroese: Fúrsti/Fúrstafrúa/Fúrstinna, Prinsur/Prinsessa
- West Frisian: Foarst/Foarstinne, Prins/Prinsesse
- German: Fürst/Fürstin, Prinz/Prinzessin
- Icelandic: Fursti/Furstynja, Prins/Prinsessa
- Luxembourgish: Fürst/Fürstin, Prënz/Prinzessin
- Norwegian: Fyrste/Fyrstinne, Prins/Prinsesse
- Old-Norwegian – Konningers Thienner (Prince)
- Old English: Ǣðeling/Hlæfdiġe
- Swedish: Furste/Furstinna, Prins/Prinsessa

Slavic languages [edit ]

Slavic:
- Belarusian: Tsarevich/Tsarewna, Karalevich/Karalewna, Prynts/Pryntsesa
- Bosnian: Кнез/Кнегиња (Knez/Kneginja), Краљевић/Краљевна (Kraljević/Kraljevna), Принц/Принцеза (Princ/Princeza)
- Bulgarian (phonetically spelt): Knyaz/Knyaginya, Prints/Printsesa
- Croatian: Knez/Kneginja, Kraljević/Kraljevna, Princ/Princeza
- Czech: Kníže/Kněžna, Kralevic, Princ/Princezna
- Macedonian: Knez/Knegina, Princ/Princeza
- Polish: Książę/Księżna, Królewicz/Królewna
- Russian: Князь/Княгиня (Knyaz/Knyagina/Knyazhna), Tsarevich/Tsarevna, Korolyevich/Korolyevna, Prints/Printsessa
- Serbian: Кнез/Кнегиња (Knez/Kneginja), Краљевић/Краљевна (Kraljević/Kraljevna), Принц/Принцеза (Princ/Princeza)
- Slovak: Knieža/Kňažná, Kráľovič, Princ/Princezná
- Slovene: Knez/Kneginja, Princ/Princesa, Kraljevič/Kraljična
- Ukrainian: Knyaz/Knyazhnya, Tsarenko/Tsarivna, Korolenko/Korolivna, Prints/Printsizna

early western languages [edit ]

Albanian: Princ/Princeshë, Princ/Princeshë
Estonian: Vürst/Vürstinna, Prints/Printsess
Finnish: Ruhtinas/Ruhtinatar, Prinssi/Prinsessa
Georgian: თავადი/Tavadi, უფლისწული/”Uplists’uli” (“Child of the Lord”)
Greek (Medieval, formal): Πρίγκηψ/Πριγκήπισσα (Prinkips/Prinkipissa)
Greek (Modern, colloquial): Πρίγκηπας/Πριγκήπισσα (Prinkipas/Prinkipissa)
Hungarian (Magyar): Herceg/Hercegnő or Fejedelem/Fejedelemnő if head of state
Latvian: Firsts/Firstiene, Princis/Princese
Lithuanian: Kunigaikštis/Kunigaikštienė, Princas/Princese
Maltese: Prinċep/Prinċipessa, Prinċep/Prinċipessa
Persian : Shahzade (both genders), Shahpour (King’s son in general)
Turkish: Prens/Prenses, Şehzade

entitle in other traditions and languages [edit ]

In Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Russia, Spain and Hungary the title of prince has besides been used as the highest title of nobility ( without membership in a govern dynasty ), above the title of duke, while the same usage ( then as Fürst ) has occurred in Germany and Austria but then one rank below the style of duke and above count. [ 10 ] The above is basically the narrative of european, christian dynasties and other nobility, besides ‘exported ‘ to their colonial and early oversea territories and otherwise adopted by preferably occidentalize societies elsewhere ( e.g. Haiti ). Applying these basically westerly concepts, and terminology, to early cultures even when they do n’t do sol, is common but in many respects rather dubious. Different ( historical, religious … ) backgrounds have besides begot significantly different dynastic and nobiliary systems, which are ill represented by the ‘closest ‘ western doctrine of analogy. It therefore makes sense to treat these per culture .

muslim traditions [edit ]

Arabian tradition since the caliphate—in several monarchies it remains customary to use the title Sheikh (in itself below princely rank) for all members of the royal family. In families (often reigning dynasties) which claim descent from Muhammad, this is expressed in either of a number of titles (supposing different exact relations): sayid, sharif; these are retained even when too remote from any line of succession to be a member of any dynasty.
In Saudi Arabia the title of Emir is used in role of prince for all members of the House of Saud.
In Iraq, the direct descendants of previous Emirs from the largest tribes, who ruled the kingdoms before modern statehood, use the title of Sheikh or Prince as the progeny of royalty.[11]
In the Ottoman Empire, the sovereign of imperial rank (incorrectly known in the west as (Great) sultan) was styled padishah with a host of additional titles, reflecting his claim as political successor to the various conquered states. Princes of the blood, male, were given the style Şehzade.
Persia (Iran)—Princes as members of a royal family, are referred to by the title Shahzadeh, meaning “descendant of the king”. Since the word zadeh could refer to either a male or female descendant, Shahzadeh had the parallel meaning of “princess” as well. Princes can also be sons of provincial kings (Khan) and the title referring to them would be the title of Khanzadeh. Princes as people who got a title from the King are called “Mirza”, diminutive of “Amir Zadeh” (King’s Son).
In Indian Muslim dynasties, the most common titles were Mirza (from Amirzada) and Shahzada; while Nawabzada and Sahibzada were also given to younger blood princes.
In Kazakh Khanate the title Sultan was used for lords from a ruling dynasty (direct descendants of Genghis Khan), that gives them a right to be elected as khan, as an experienced ruler; and an honorific tore (ru:Торе (род)) for ordinary members of a ruling dynasty.[ citation needed]

Non-Islamic asian traditions [edit ]

China [edit ]

Before Qin dynasty, prince ( in the smell of royal family member ) had no limited championship. Since Han dynasty, royal family members were entitled Wang ( 王, alight. King ), the former highest entitle which was then replaced by Huang Di ( 皇帝, light up. emperor butterfly ). Since western Jin, the Wang rate was divided into two ranks, Qin Wang ( 親王, illuminated. King of the Blood ) and Jun Wang ( 郡王, literature. King of the Commandery ). merely family of the Emperor can be entitled Qin Wang, then prince is normally translated as Qin Wang, e.g. 菲利普親王 ( Prince Philip ). For the son of the ruler, prince is normally translated as Huang Zi ( 皇子, illuminated. Son of the Emperor ) or Wang Zi ( 王子 lit., Son of the King ), e.g. 查爾斯王子 ( Prince Charles ). As a style of nobility, prince can be translated as Qin Wang according to tradition, Da Gong ( 大公, lit., Grand Duke ) if one want to emphasize that it is a identical high social station but below the King ( Wang ), or just Zhu Hou ( 诸侯, ignite. princes ) which refers to princes of all ranks in general. For exemplar, 摩納哥親王 ( Prince of Monaco ) .

Japan [edit ]

In Japan, the title Kōshaku ( 公爵 ) was used as the highest title of Kazoku ( 華族 japanese modern nobility ) before the stage constitution. Kōshaku, however, is more normally translated as “ Duke ” to avoid confusion with the following royal ranks in the Imperial Household : Shinnō ( 親王 literally, Prince of the Blood ) ; Naishinnō ( 内親王 lit., Princess of the Blood in her own right ) ; and Shinnōhi 親王妃 lit., Princess Consort ) ; or Ō ( 王 lit., Prince ) ; Jyo-Ō ( 女王 lit., Princess ( in her own right ) ) ; and Ōhi ( 王妃 lit., Princess Consort ). The former is the higher entitle of a male penis of the Imperial kin while the latter is the lower .

Korea [edit ]

In the Joseon Dynasty, the style “ Prince ” was used for the baron ‘s male-line descendants. There were by and large the divisions of princedom : the king ‘s legitimate son used the title daegun ( 대군, 大君, literally “ august prince ” ). A son bear of a concubine equally well as the great-great-grandsons of the king used the deed gun ( 군, 君, unhorse. “ prince ” ). But the title of gun was n’t limited to the royal family. rather, it was frequently granted as an honorary and non-hereditory title. As noble titles no longer exist in modern Korea, the English word “ Prince ” is immediately normally translated as wangja ( 왕자, 王子, light. “ king ‘s son ” ), referring to princes from non-Korean royal families. Princes and principalities in continental Europe are about always confused with dukes and duchies in Korean speech, both being translated as gong ( 공, 公, light up. “ duke ” ) and gongguk ( 공국, 公國, fall. “ duchy ” ) .

Sri Lanka [edit ]

The deed ‘Prince ‘ was used for the King ‘s son in singhalese genesis in Sri Lanka .

India [edit ]

See deluxe states for the often particular, chiefly Hindu titles in former british India, including modern Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, and Nepal .

Indochina [edit ]

See Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos

Philippines [edit ]

See Principalia, the Sultanate of Maguindanao and the Sultanate of Sulu .

thailand [edit ]

In Thailand ( once Siam ), the title of Prince was divided into three classes depending on the rank of their mothers. Those who were born of a king and had a royal beget ( a queen or princess run ) are titled Chaofa Chai ( Thai : เจ้าฟ้าชาย : literally, “ Male Celestial Lord ” ). Those born of a king and a coarse, or children of Chaofas, are tilted Phra Ong Chao ( พระองค์เจ้า ). The children of Phra Ong Chaos are titled Mom Chao ( หม่อมเจ้า ), abbreviated as M.C. ( or ม.จ. ) .

african traditions [edit ]

A western model was sometimes copied by manumit colonial regimes ( e.g. Bokassa I ‘s ephemeral Central-African empire in Napoleonic fashion ). otherwise, most of the styles for members of ruling families do not lend themselves well to English translation. Nonetheless, in general the princely style has gradually replaced the colonialist entitle of “ foreman “, which does not particularly imply dynastic rank to Westerners, e.g. Swazi Royal Family and Zulu Royal Family. nominally ministerial chiefly titles, such as the Yoruba Oloye and the Zulu InDuna, calm exist as clear-cut titles in kingdoms all over Africa .

title in religion [edit ]

In states with an element of theocracy, this can affect princehood in several ways, such as the vogue of the rule ( e.g. with a secondary coil title meaning son or servant of a named deity ), but besides the mood of succession ( even reincarnation and recognition ). furthermore, certain religious offices may be considered of princely membership, or imply comparable temporal rights. The Prince-Popes, Pope, Hereditary Prince-Cardinals, Cardinals, Prince-Lord Bishops, Prince Bishops, Lord Bishops, Prince-Provost, and Prince-abbots are referred to as Princes of the Church.

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

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