Formula One ( besides known as Formula 1 or F1 ) is the highest class of external car racing for single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile ( FIA ). The World Drivers ‘ Championship, which became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981, has been one of the premier forms of racing around the world since its inaugural temper in 1950. The word formula in the name refers to the set of rules to which all participants ‘ cars must conform. [ 1 ] A Formula One season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, which take place global on both purpose-built circuits and closed public roads.
Reading: Formula One
The results of each subspecies are evaluated using a points system to determine two annual World Championships : one for drivers, the other for constructors. Each driver must hold a valid Super Licence, the highest class of racing license issued by the FIA. [ 2 ] The races must run on tracks graded “ 1 ” ( once “ A ” ), the highest grade-rating issued by the FIA. [ 2 ] Most events occur in rural locations on purpose-built tracks, but several events take station on city streets. Formula One cars are the fastest regulate road-course racing cars in the world, owing to identical high corner speeds achieved through the generation of large amounts of streamlined downforce. The cars undergo major changes in 2017, [ 3 ] allowing wider front and rear wings, and broad tyres, resulting in flower corner forces near 6.5 lateral gravitational constant and top speeds of around 350 kilometers per hour ( 215 miles per hour ). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] As of 2021, the loanblend engines are limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 revolutions per minute ; the cars are very dependent on electronics and aerodynamics, abeyance and tyres. Traction command, launch control, and automatic shifting, plus other electronic drive aids, were inaugural banned in 1994, reintroduced in 2001, and have more recently been banned since 2004 and 2008, respectively. [ 6 ] While Europe is the sport ‘s traditional infrastructure, the championship operates globally, with 13 of the 23 races in the 2021 temper taking set outside Europe. With the annual cost of running a mid-tier team – plan, building, and maintaining cars, yield, transport – being US $ 120 million, [ 7 ] [ needs update ] its fiscal and political battles are widely reported. Its high profile and popularity have created a major selling environment, which has resulted in large investments from sponsors and budgets ( in the hundreds of millions for the constructors ). On 23 January 2017, Liberty Media confirmed the completion of the acquisition of Delta Topco, the company that controls Formula One, from private-equity firm CVC Capital Partners for $ 8 billion. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
history [edit ]
The Formula One series originated with the european Championship of Grand Prix motive racing ( q.v. for pre-1947 history ) of the 1920s and 1930s. The recipe consists of a set of rules that all participants ‘ cars must meet. Formula One was a new rule agreed upon during 1946 after World War II, with the beginning non-championship races taking seat that class. The first Formula 1 rush was the 1946 Turin Grand Prix. A number of Grand Prix racing organisations had laid out rules for a universe championship before the war, but due to the abeyance of racing during the conflict, the World Drivers ‘ Championship did not become formalised until 1947. The beginning worldly concern backing rush took set at Silverstone in the United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958. National championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held by promoters for many years, but due to the increasing monetary value of rival, the concluding of these occurred in 1983. [ 10 ]
reappearance of racing after the second World War [edit ]
After a hiatus in european motor racing brought about by the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939, the italian Giuseppe Farina in his Alfa Romeo won the beginning World Championship for Drivers in 1950, narrowly defeating his Argentine teammate Juan Manuel Fangio. however, Fangio won the title in 1951, 1954, 1955, 1956, and 1957 ( his criminal record of five World backing titles stood for 45 years until german driver Michael Schumacher took his sixth championship in 2003 ). Fangio ‘s stripe was interrupted ( after an injury ) by two-time champion Alberto Ascari of Ferrari. Although the UK ‘s Stirling Moss was able to compete regularly, he was never able to win the world backing and has been described by The Independent as “ The greatest driver to never win the world championship ”. [ 11 ] In a seven-year couple between 1955 and 1961, Moss finished as championship runner-up four times and in third base topographic point the other three times. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Fangio, however, achieved the read of winning 24 of the 52 races he entered – a read that holds to this sidereal day. [ 14 ] This time period featured teams managed by road-car manufacturers Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Maserati ; all of which had competed before the war. The first seasons featured pre-war cars like Alfa ‘s 158. They were front-engined, with narrow-minded tyres and 1.5-litre supercharged or 4.5-litre naturally aspirated engines. The 1952 and 1953 World Championships were run to Formula Two regulations, for smaller, less brawny cars, due to concerns over the miss of Formula One cars available. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] When a new Formula One formula, for engines limited to 2.5 litres, was reinstated to the populace backing for 1954, Mercedes-Benz introduced the advance W196, which featured innovations such as desmodromic valves and fuel injection, ampere well as enclosed streamlined bodywork. Mercedes drivers won the championship for two years, before the team withdrew from all motorsport in the wake of the 1955 Le Mans calamity. [ 17 ]
british dominance [edit ]
An earned run average of british authority was ushered in by Mike Hawthorn and Vanwall ‘s championship wins in 1958, although Stirling Moss had been at the vanguard of the sport without ever securing the worldly concern title. Between Hawthorn, Jim Clark, Jackie Stewart, John Surtees and Graham Hill, british drivers won nine Drivers ‘ Championships and british teams won fourteen Constructors ‘ Championship titles between 1958 and 1974. The iconic british Racing Green Lotus, with a revolutionary aluminium-sheet monocoque chassis alternatively of the traditional space-frame plan, was the dominant allele car, and in 1968, the team broke newfangled boundaries, when they were the first works team to carry advertising on their cars. [ 18 ] [ a ]
technical developments [edit ]
The first major technical development, Bugatti ‘s re-introduction of mid-engined cars ( following Ferdinand Porsche ‘s pioneer Auto Unions of the 1930s ), occurred with the Type 251, which was abortive. australian Jack Brabham, world ace during 1959, 1960, and 1966, soon proved the mid-engined design ‘s superiority. By 1961, all regular competitors had switched to mid-engined cars. The Ferguson P99, a four-wheel drive design, was the last front-engined F1 car to enter a world championship race. It was entered in the 1961 british Grand Prix, the merely front-engined car to compete that year. [ 19 ] During 1962, Lotus introduced a car with an aluminium-sheet monocoque chassis rather of the traditional space-frame design. This proved to be the greatest technological breakthrough since the initiation of mid-engined cars. During 1968, rhodesian duet John Love and Sam Tingle were the first to run cigarette sponsorship on their cars, which ran in orange, brown and gold Team Gunston colours in the south african Grand Prix on 1 January 1968, five months before Lotus painted an Imperial Tobacco livery on their cars, frankincense introducing sponsorship to the mutant. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Aerodynamic downforce slowly gained importance in car design with the appearance of aerofoils during the late 1960s. During the late 1970s, Lotus introduced ground-effect aerodynamics ( previously used on Jim Hall ‘s Chaparral 2J during 1970 ) that provided enormous downforce and greatly increased cornering speeds. thus bang-up were the streamlined forces pressing the cars to the track ( up to five times the car ‘s weight ), extremely stiff springs were needed to maintain a ceaseless ride acme, leaving the suspension virtually firm, depending wholly on the tyres for any small total of padding of the car and driver from irregularities of the road surface. [ 22 ]
big clientele [edit ]
Beginning in the 1970s, Bernie Ecclestone rearranged the management of Formula One ‘s commercial rights ; he is widely credited with transforming the mutant into the multibillion-dollar commercial enterprise it now is. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] When Ecclestone bought the Brabham team during 1971, he gained a seat on the Formula One Constructors ‘ Association and during 1978 he became its president. previously, the racing circuit owners controlled the income of the teams and negotiated with each individually ; however, Ecclestone persuaded the teams to “ hunt as a gang ” through FOCA. [ 24 ] He offered Formula One to circuit owners as a package, which they could take or leave. In render for the package, about all that was required was to surrender trackside advertise. [ 23 ] The formation of the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile ( FISA ) during 1979 set off the FISA–FOCA controversy, during which FISA and its president of the united states Jean-Marie Balestre disputed repeatedly with FOCA over television receiver revenues and technical regulations. [ 25 ] The Guardian said of FOCA that Ecclestone and Max Mosley “ used it to engage a guerrilla war with a very long-run aim in position ”. FOCA threatened to establish a rival series, boycotted a Grand Prix and FISA withdrew its sanction from races. [ 23 ] The resultant role was the 1981 Concorde Agreement, which guaranteed technical constancy, as teams were to be given reasonable notice of new regulations. [ 26 ] Although FISA asserted its justly to the television revenues, it handed the presidency of those rights to FOCA. [ 27 ]
FISA imposed a bachelor of arts in nursing on ground-effect aerodynamics during 1983. [ 28 ] By then, however, turbocharged engines, which Renault had pioneered in 1977, were producing over 520 kW ( 700 bhp ) and were essential to be competitive. By 1986, a BMW turbocharged engine achieved a flash learn of 5.5 bar ( 80 pounds per square inch ) coerce, estimated to be over 970 kW ( 1,300 bhp ) in qualifying for the italian Grand Prix. The adjacent year, might in race clean-cut reached around 820 kilowatt ( 1,100 bhp ), with rise imperativeness limited to only 4.0 bar. [ 29 ] These cars were the most brawny open-wheel circumference racing cars ever. To reduce engine baron output and frankincense speeds, the FIA limited fuel tank car capability in 1984, and boost pressures in 1988, before banning turbocharged engines completely in 1989. [ 30 ] The growth of electronic driver aids began during the 1980s. Lotus began to develop a system of active voice suspension, which first appeared during 1982 on the Lotus 91. By 1987, this system had been perfected and was driven to victory by Ayrton Senna in the Monaco Grand Prix that year. In the early 1990s, early teams followed suit and semi-automatic gearboxes and grip control were a natural progression. The FIA, due to complaints that engineering was determining the result of races more than driver skill, banned many such aids for 1994. This resulted in cars that were previously dependent on electronic aids becoming very “ twitchy ” and unmanageable to drive ( particularly the Williams FW16 ). many observers felt the ban on driver aids was in name only, as they “ proved unmanageable to police efficaciously ”. [ 31 ] The teams signed a second Concorde Agreement during 1992 and a third base in 1997, which expired on the death sidereal day of 2007. [ 32 ]
On the lead, the McLaren and Williams teams dominated the 1980s and 1990s, with Brabham besides being competitive during the early depart of the 1980s, winning two Drivers ‘ Championships with Nelson Piquet. Powered by Porsche, Honda, and Mercedes-Benz, McLaren won sixteen championships ( seven constructors ‘ and nine drivers ‘ ) in that period, while Williams used engines from Ford, Honda, and Renault to besides win sixteen titles ( nine constructors ‘ and seven drivers ‘ ). The competition between racers Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost became F1 ‘s central focus during 1988 and continued until Prost retired at the conclusion of 1993. Senna died at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix after crashing into a wall on the exit of the ill-famed curl Tamburello, having taken over Prost ‘s lead drive at Williams that year. The FIA worked to improve the sport ‘s base hit standards since that weekend, during which Roland Ratzenberger besides lost his life in an accident during Saturday qualifying. No driver died of injuries sustained on the track at the wheel of a Formula One car for 20 years until the 2014 japanese Grand Prix, where Jules Bianchi collided with a recovery vehicle after aquaplaning off the circuit. Since 1994, three track marshals have lost their lives, one at the 2000 italian Grand Prix, [ 33 ] the moment at the 2001 australian Grand Prix [ 33 ] and the third at the 2013 canadian Grand Prix. Since the deaths of Senna and Ratzenberger, the FIA has used safety as a reason to impose principle changes that otherwise, under the Concorde Agreement, would have had to be agreed upon by all the teams – most notably the changes introduced for 1998. This alleged ‘narrow lead ‘ era resulted in cars with smaller rear tyres, a narrower track overall, and the introduction of grooved tyres to reduce mechanical grip. There were to be four grooves on the presence ( three in the first class ) and rear that ran through the integral circumference of the tire. The objective was to reduce cornering speeds and to produce racing similar to rainy conditions by enforcing a smaller liaison patch between sur and traverse. This, according to the FIA, was to reduce cornering speeds in the interest of safety. [ 34 ]
Results were shuffle, as the lack of mechanical grip resulted in the more clever designers clawing back the deficit with streamlined grip – pushing more force onto the tyres through wings and streamlined devices, which in turn resulted in less overtake as these devices tended to make the wake island behind the car ‘dirty ‘ ( churning ), preventing other cars from following close due to their dependence on ‘clean ‘ vent to make the car stay to the lead. The furrow tyres besides had the unfortunate side consequence of initially being of a hard compound to be able to hold the groove tread blocks, which resulted in spectacular accidents in times of aerodynamic fascinate failure, as the hard compound could not grip the path a well. Drivers from McLaren, Williams, Renault ( once Benetton ), and Ferrari, dubbed the “ adult four ”, won every World championship from 1984 to 2008. The teams won every Constructors ‘ championship from 1979 to 2008, adenine well as placing themselves as the top four teams in the Constructors ‘ backing in every season between 1989 and 1997, and winning every race but one ( the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix ) between 1988 and 1997. Due to the technological advances of the 1990s, the price of competing in Formula One increased dramatically. This increased fiscal burdens, combined with the laterality of four teams ( largely funded by big cable car manufacturers such as Mercedes-Benz ), caused the inadequate freelancer teams to struggle not only to remain competitive, but to stay in business, and forced respective teams to withdraw. Since 1990, twenty-eight teams have withdrawn from Formula One. This has prompted former Jordan owner Eddie Jordan to say that the days of competitive privateers are over. [ 35 ]
Manufacturers ‘ return [edit ]
Michael Schumacher and Ferrari won five consecutive Drivers ‘ Championships ( 2000–2004 ) and six back-to-back Constructors ‘ Championships ( 1999–2004 ). Schumacher set many new records, including those for Grand Prix wins ( 91, since beaten by Lewis Hamilton ), wins in a season ( thirteen of eighteen ), and most Drivers ‘ Championships ( seven, tied with Lewis Hamilton as of 2020 ). [ 36 ] Schumacher ‘s championship streak ended on 25 September 2005, when Renault driver Fernando Alonso became Formula One ‘s youngest supporter at that time ( until Lewis Hamilton in 2008 and followed by Sebastian Vettel in 2010 ). During 2006, Renault and Alonso won both titles again. Schumacher retired at the end of 2006 after sixteen years in Formula One, but came out of retirement for the 2010 season, racing for the newly formed Mercedes works team, following the rebrand of Brawn GP. During this period, the backing rules were changed frequently by the FIA with the purpose of improving the on-track carry through and cut costs. [ 37 ] Team orders, legal since the championship started during 1950, were banned during 2002, after several incidents, in which teams openly manipulated race results, generating negative publicity, most famously by Ferrari at the 2002 austrian Grand Prix. early changes included the qualifying format, the points scoring arrangement, the technical regulations, and rules specifying how long engines and tyres must last. A “ tire war ” between suppliers Michelin and Bridgestone saw lap times fall, although, at the 2005 United States Grand Prix at Indianapolis, seven out of ten teams did not race when their Michelin tyres were deemed dangerous for function, leading to Bridgestone becoming the sole sur supplier to Formula One for the 2007 season. During 2006, Max Mosley outlined a “ green ” future for Formula One, in which effective use of energy would become an authoritative gene. [ 38 ] Since 1983, Formula One had been dominated by specialist subspecies teams like Williams, McLaren, and Benetton, using engines supplied by large cable car manufacturers like Mercedes-Benz, Honda, Renault, and Ford. Starting in 2000, with Ford ‘s purchase of Stewart Grand Prix to form the Jaguar Racing team, fresh manufacturer-owned teams entered Formula One for the first time since the departure of Alfa Romeo and Renault at the end of 1985. By 2006, the manufacturer teams – Renault, BMW, Toyota, Honda, and Ferrari – dominated the backing, taking five of the first six places in the Constructors ‘ Championship. The sole exception was McLaren, which at the clock was part-owned by Mercedes-Benz. Through the Grand Prix Manufacturers Association ( GPMA ), the manufacturers negotiated a larger share of Formula One ‘s commercial net income and a greater say in the campaign of the sport. [ 39 ]
Manufacturers ‘ decay and retort of the privateers [edit ]
In 2008 and 2009, Honda, BMW, and Toyota all withdrew from Formula One race within the space of a year, blaming the economic recession. This resulted in the end of manufacturer authority within the sport. The Honda F1 team went through a management buyout to become Brawn GP with Ross Brawn and Nick Fry running and owning the majority of the constitution. Brawn GP went through a atrocious size reduction, laying off hundreds of employees, but finally won the year ‘s populace championships with Jenson Button and Rubens Barrichello. BMW F1 was bought out by the original founder of the team, Peter Sauber. The Lotus F1 Team [ 40 ] were another, once manufacturer-owned team that reverted to “ privateer ” possession, in concert with the buy-out of the Renault team by Genii Capital investors. A yoke with their previous owners silent survived, however, with their car continuing to be powered by a Renault Power Unit until 2014. McLaren besides announced that it was to reacquire the shares in its team from Mercedes-Benz ( McLaren ‘s partnership with Mercedes was reported to have started to sour with the McLaren Mercedes SLR road car project and bully F1 championships which included McLaren being found guilty of spying on Ferrari ). Hence, during the 2010 season, Mercedes-Benz re-entered the sport as a manufacturer after its buy of Brawn GP, and disconnected with McLaren after 15 seasons with the team. This left Mercedes-Benz, Renault, McLaren, and Ferrari as the only car manufacturers in the sport, although both McLaren and Ferrari began as racing teams rather than manufacturers .
The three teams that debuted in 2010 ( Hispania Racing F1 Team/HRT Formula 1 Team, Lotus Racing/Team Lotus/Caterham F1 Team, and Virgin Racing/Marussia Virgin Racing/Marussia F1 Team/Manor Marussia F1 Team/Manor Racing MRT ) all disappeared within seven years of their debuts To compensate for the loss of manufacturer teams, four new teams were accept entry into the 2010 season ahead of a much anticipated ‘cost-cap ‘ ( see below ). Entrants included a born-again team Lotus – which was led by a malaysian consortium including Tony Fernandes, the boss of Air Asia ; Hispania Racing – the first spanish Formula One team ; vitamin a well as Virgin Racing – Richard Branson ‘s entry into the series following a successful partnership with Brawn the year earlier. They were besides joined by the US F1 Team, which planned to run out of the United States as the only non-European based team in the mutant. Financial issues befell the team before they even made the power system. Despite the entrance of these fresh teams, the proposed cost-cap was repealed and these teams – who did not have the budgets of the midfield and top-order teams – hunt about at the back of the field until they inevitably collapsed ; HRT in 2012, Caterham ( once Lotus ) in 2014 and Manor ( once Virgin then Marussia ), having survived falling into administration in 2014, went under at the end of 2016. A major rule reorganization in 2014 saw the 2.4 liter naturally aspirated V8 engines replaced by 1.6 litre turbocharged loanblend office units. This prompted Honda to return to the sport in 2015 as the backing ‘s fourth engine manufacturer. Mercedes emerged as the dominant power after the rule reorganization, with Lewis Hamilton winning the championship closely followed by his main rival and teammate, Nico Rosberg, with the team winning 16 out of the 19 races that season ( all early victories coming from Daniel Ricciardo of Red Bull ). 2014 besides saw a fiscal crisis which resulted in the backmarker Marussia and Caterham teams being put into administration, alongside the uncertain futures of Force India and Sauber. Marussia returned under the Manor name in 2015, a season in which Ferrari were the merely rival to Mercedes, with Vettel taking victory in the three Grands Prix Mercedes did not win. [ 41 ] In the 2016 season, Haas joined the grid. The season began in prevailing fashion for Nico Rosberg, winning the first gear 4 Grands Prix. His charge was halted by Max Verstappen, who took his maid gain in Spain in his introduction race for Red Bull. After that, the reigning champion Lewis Hamilton decreased the point gap between him and Rosberg to entirely one point, before taking the backing lead drift into the summer breakage. Following the break, the 1–2 position remained constant until an engine failure for Hamilton in Malaysia left Rosberg in a commanding lead that he would not relinquish in the 5 remaining races. Having won the title by a mere 5 points, Rosberg retired from Formula One at season ‘s end, becoming the first driver since Alain Prost in 1993 to retire after winning the Drivers ‘ Championship. The final team remaining from the 2010 new entries work, Manor Racing, withdrew from the sport following the 2016 season, having lost 10th in the Constructors ‘ Championship to Sauber with one rush remaining, leaving the grid at 20 cars as Liberty Media took control of the series in the off-season .
late years have seen an increase in car manufacturer presence in the sport. After Honda ‘s fall as an engine manufacturer in 2015, Renault came back as a team in 2016 after buying back the Lotus F1 team. In 2018, Aston Martin and Alfa Romeo became Red Bull and Sauber ‘s entitle sponsors, respectively. Sauber was rebranded as Alfa Romeo Racing for the 2019 temper, while Racing Point part-owner Lawrence Stroll bought a stake in Aston Martin to rebrand the Racing Point team as Aston Martin for 2021. In August 2020, a raw Concorde Agreement was signed by all ten F1 teams committing them to the frolic until 2025, including a $ 145M budget hood for cable car growth to support adequate contest and sustainable development in the future. [ 42 ] [ 43 ] The COVID-19 pandemic forced the sport to adapt to budgetary and logistic limitations. A significant overhaul of the technical regulations intended to be introduced in the 2021 season was pushed back to 2022, [ 44 ] with constructors alternatively using their 2020 chassis for two seasons and a keepsake arrangement limiting which parts could be modified was introduced. [ 45 ] The start of the 2020 temper was delayed by several months, [ 46 ] and both it and 2021 seasons were subject to respective postponements, cancellations and reschedule of races due to the shifting restrictions on external travel. many races took place behind close doors and with only necessity personnel present to maintain social outdistance. [ 47 ]
political disputes [edit ]
FISA–FOCA war [edit ]
The struggle for operate of Formula One was contested between the Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile ( FISA ), at the time an autonomous subcommittee of the FIA, and FOCA ( the Formula One Constructors ‘ Association ). The beginnings of the dispute are numerous, and many of the underlying reasons may be lost in history. The teams ( excepting Ferrari and the other major manufacturers – Renault and Alfa Romeo in especial ) were of the opinion that their rights and ability to compete against the larger and better fund teams were being negatively affected by a perceive bias on the part of the controlling constitution ( FISA ) toward the major manufacturers. In addition, the conflict revolved around the commercial aspects of the frolic ( the FOCA teams were dysphoric with the spending of proceeds from the races ) and the technical regulations which, in FOCA ‘s opinion, tended to be ductile according to the nature of the transgressor more than the nature of the transgression. The war culminated in a FOCA boycott of the 1982 San Marino Grand Prix months later. In hypothesis, all FOCA teams were supposed to boycott the Grand Prix as a sign of solidarity and ailment at the handle of the regulations and fiscal compensation ( and extreme confrontation to the accession of Balestre to the position of FISA president of the united states : both Colin Chapman of Lotus and Frank Williams of Williams stated clearly that they would not continue in Formula One with Balestre as its governor ). [ original research? ] In rehearse, several of the FOCA teams backed out of the boycott, citing “ patronize obligations ”. luminary among these were the Tyrrell and Toleman teams .
FIA–FOTA dispute [edit ]
During the 2009 season of Formula One, the sport was gripped in a government crisis. The FIA President Max Mosley proposed numerous cost-cutting measures for the take after season, including an optional budget capital for the teams ; [ 48 ] teams electing to take the budget detonator would be granted greater technical freedom, adjustable battlefront and buttocks wings and an engine not subject to a rev up limiter. [ 48 ] The Formula One Teams Association ( FOTA ) believed that allowing some teams to have such technical exemption would have created a ‘two-tier ‘ championship, and thus requested pressing talks with the FIA. however, talks broke down and FOTA teams announced, with the exception of Williams and Force India, [ 49 ] [ 50 ] that ‘they had no choice ‘ but to form a breakaway championship series. [ 50 ]
On 24 June, an agreement was reached between Formula One ‘s governing body and the teams to prevent a breakaway series. It was agreed teams must cut outgo to the degree of the early 1990s within two years ; accurate figures were not specified, [ 51 ] and Max Mosley agreed he would not stand for re-election to the FIA presidency in October. [ 52 ] Following far disagreements, after Max Mosley suggested he would stand for re-election, [ 53 ] FOTA made it clear that breakaway plans were still being pursued. On 8 July, FOTA issued a iron release stating they had been informed they were not entered for the 2010 season, [ 54 ] and an FIA press release said the FOTA representatives had walked out of the meeting. [ 55 ] On 1 August, it was announced FIA and FOTA had signed a newfangled Concorde Agreement, bringing an end to the crisis and securing the sport ‘s future until 2012. [ 56 ]
Outside the World Championship [edit ]
The terms “ Formula One race ” and “ World Championship race ” are now effectively synonymous ; since 1984, every Formula One race has counted towards an official FIA World Championship, and every World Championship subspecies has been held to Formula One regulations. [ 57 ] In the earlier history of Formula One, many races took place outside the World Championship, and local championships run to Formula One regulations besides occurred. These events much took station on circuits that were not constantly suitable for the World Championship, and featured local anesthetic cars and drivers adenine well as those competing in the championship. [ 10 ]
european non-championship race [edit ]
In the early years of Formula One, before the world championship was established, there were around twenty dollar bill races held from late bounce to early fall in Europe, although not all of these were considered meaning. Most competitive cars came from Italy, particularly Alfa Romeo. After the get down of the populace championship, these non-championship races continued. In the 1950s and 1960s, there were many Formula One races which did not count for the World Championship ; in 1950 a entire of twenty-two Formula One races were held, of which only six counted towards the World Championship. [ 57 ] In 1952 and 1953, when the world championship was run to Formula Two regulations, non-championship events were the only Formula One races that took plaza. Some races, particularly in the UK, including the Race of Champions, Oulton Park International Gold Cup and the International Trophy, were attended by the majority of the earth championship contenders. other smaller events were regularly held in locations not separate of the championship, such as the Syracuse and Danish Grands Prix, although these only attracted a modest total of the backing teams and relied on private entries and lower Formula cars to make up the grid. [ 10 ] These became less coarse through the 1970s and 1983 saw the last non-championship Formula One raceway ; the 1983 Race of Champions at Brands Hatch, won by reigning World Champion Keke Rosberg in a Williams-Cosworth in a near fight with american Danny Sullivan. [ 10 ]
south african Formula One backing [edit ]
South Africa ‘s flourishing domestic Formula One backing ran from 1960 through to 1975. The frontrunning cars in the series were recently retired from the world championship although there was besides a healthy survival of locally built or modified machines. Frontrunning drivers from the series normally contested their local World Championship Grand Prix, a well as occasional european events, although they had little achiever at that level. [ citation needed ]
british Formula One championship [edit ]
The DFV helped make the UK domestic Formula One championship possible between 1978 and 1980. As in South Africa a ten before, second hand cars from manufacturers like Lotus and Fittipaldi Automotive were the ordering of the day, although some, such as the March 781, were built specifically for the series. In 1980, the series saw South african Desiré Wilson become the merely woman to win a Formula One race when she triumphed at Brands Hatch in a Wolf WR3. [ 58 ]
Racing and scheme [edit ]
A Formula One Grand Prix consequence spans a weekend. It begins with two free exercise sessions on Friday ( except in Monaco, where Friday practices are moved to Thursday ), and one free practice on Saturday. Additional drivers ( normally known as third drivers ) are allowed to run on Fridays, but alone two cars may be used per team, requiring a race driver to give up their seat. A stipulate session is held after the last release practice seance. This session determines the starting order for the race on Sunday. [ 59 ] [ 60 ]
sur rules [edit ]
The new rule for F1 tyres that was introduced in 2016 was that Pirelli could select three different tyres for each subspecies, and each team could choose the tire from those three depending on the strategies. This concept besides continued in 2017 and in 2018, but with blockheaded and wide Pirelli tyres tested extensively the previous class. Tyre selections are announced over a month before each event, with rules stating Pirelli must announce compounds nine weeks before a european rung and 15 weeks before a long-haul event. Drivers normally select 10 of the 13 sets available for a race weekend, though Pirelli ‘s new tyres mean the italian caller will force each driver to stick to the same allocations for the first five races as it learns about the newly tire. That means for the open five races, drivers will have seven of the softest compound, four of the center intensify and two of the hardest intensify available. Pirelli has backup compounds for introduction late in the season if its initial batch proves to be excessively conservative in terms of performance or leads to greater levels of abasement than expected. [ 61 ]
Qualifying [edit ]
For much of the sport ‘s history, qualifying sessions differed short from practice sessions ; drivers would have one or more sessions in which to set their fastest time, with the grid order determined by each driver ‘s best single lap, with the fastest on perch military position. From 1996 to 2002, the format was a 1-hour gunfight. This set about lasted until the end of 2002 before the rules were changed again because the teams were not running in the early share of the session to take advantage of better track conditions late on. [ 62 ] Grids were broadly limited to 26 cars – if the race had more entries, qualification would besides decide which drivers would start the race. During the early 1990s, the number of entries was so high that the worst-performing teams had to enter a pre-qualifying session, with the fastest cars allowed through to the main qualify school term. The qualifying format began to change in the early 2000s, with the FIA experimenting with limiting the number of laps, determining the aggregate time over two sessions, and allowing each driver lone one qualifying lick. The current qualify system was adopted in the 2006 season. Known as “ knock-out ” modification, it is split into three periods, known as Q1, Q2, and Q3. In each time period, drivers run qualifying laps to attempt to advance to the following period, with the slowest drivers being “ knocked out ” of qualification ( but not inevitably the slipstream ) at the end of the period and their grid positions set within the backmost five based on their best lick times. Drivers are allowed as many laps as they wish within each period. After each time period, all times are reset, and only a driver ‘s fastest lap in that period ( barring infractions ) counts. Any time lap started before the end of that menstruation may be completed, and will count toward that driver ‘s placement. The total of cars eliminated in each period is dependent on the total phone number of cars entered into the championship. [ 63 ] presently, with 20 cars, Q1 runs for 18 minutes, and eliminates the slowest five drivers. During this period, any driver whose best lap takes longer than 107 % of the fastest time in Q1 will not be allowed to start the raceway without license from the stewards. otherwise, all drivers proceed to the race albeit in the worst starting positions. This rule does not affect drivers in Q2 or Q3. In Q2, the 15 remaining drivers have 15 minutes to set one of the ten fastest times and proceed to the next period. ultimately, Q3 lasts 12 minutes and sees the remaining ten drivers decide the first ten grid positions. At the begin of the 2016 Formula 1 season, the FIA introduced a newfangled qualifying format, whereby drivers were knocked out every 90 seconds after a certain total of time had passed in each session. The purpose was to mix up grid positions for the race, but due to unpopularity the FIA reverted to the above passing format for the chinese GP, after running the format for lone two races. [ 63 ] Each car is allocated one rig of the softest tyres for use in Q3. The cars that qualify for Q3 must return them after Q3 ; the cars that do not qualify for Q3 can use them during the race. [ 64 ] The first ten-spot drivers, i.e. the drivers through to Q3 must start the race on the sur which set the fastest prison term in Q2, unless the weather requires the manipulation of wet-weather tyres, in which case all of the rules about the tyres wo n’t be followed. [ 65 ] [ 66 ] All of the drivers that did not participate in Q3 have detached tire choice for the depart of the rush. Any penalties that affect grid put are applied at the end of qualifying. Grid penalties can be applied for driving infractions in the previous or current Grand Prix, or for changing a gearbox or locomotive part. If a cable car fails scrutineering, the driver will be excluded from qualifying but will be allowed to start the race from the back of the grid at the raceway steward ‘s discretion. 2021 has seen the trialling of a ‘sprint qualifying ‘ race on the Saturday of three subspecies weekends, with the intention of testing the newfangled access to qualifying. [ 67 ]
race [edit ]
The race begins with a warm-up lap, after which the cars meet on the starting grid in the order they qualified. This lap is often referred to as the constitution lap, as the cars lap in formation with no overtaking ( although a driver who makes a err may regain lost ground provided they have fallen to the back of the field ). The warm-up lap allows drivers to check the condition of the chase and their car, gives the tyres a chance to warm up to increase traction, and besides gives the orchestra pit crowd meter to clear themselves and their equipment from the grid .
once all the cars have formed on the power system, after the aesculapian car positions itself behind the battalion, a lighter organization above the track indicates the get down of the race : five red lights are illuminated at intervals of one second ; they are all then extinguished simultaneously after an unspecified clock ( typically less than 3 seconds ) to signal the start of the race. The startle operation may be abandoned if a driver stalls on the grid, signalled by raising their branch. If this happens, the operation restarts : a raw constitution lave begins with the offending car removed from the grid. The slipstream may besides be restarted in the event of a unplayful accident or dangerous conditions, with the original starting signal voided. The subspecies may be started from behind the Safety Car if officials feel a racing begin would be excessively dangerous, such as extremely dense rain. As of the 2019 season, there will constantly be a standing resume. If due to heavy rainfall a start behind the safety car is necessary, then after the track has dried sufficiently, drivers will form up for a stand beginning. There is no constitution lap when races start behind the Safety Car. [ 68 ] Under normal circumstances, the winner of the subspecies is the first driver to cross the stopping point line having completed a dress count of laps. Race officials may end the raceway early ( putting out a crimson iris ) due to dangerous conditions such as extreme rain, and it must finish within two hours, although races are only probable to last this long in the event of extreme weather or if the guard car is deployed during the race. When a site justifies pausing the raceway without terminating it, the crimson masthead is deployed ; since 2005, a ten-minute admonition is given before the subspecies is resumed behind the base hit car, which leads the field for a lick before it returns to the stone lane ( before then the race resumed in race orderliness from the penultimate lap before the red flag was shown ). In the 1950s, race distances varied from 300 km ( 190 mile ) to 600 km ( 370 nautical mile ). The maximum rush length was reduced to 400 km ( 250 michigan ) in 1966 and 325 kilometer ( 202 secret intelligence service ) in 1971. The race distance was standardised to the stream 305 kilometer ( 190 security service ) in 1989. however, street races like Monaco have shorter distances, to keep under the two-hour limit. Drivers may overtake one another for placement over the class of the race. If a leader comes across a backmarker ( slower car ) who has completed fewer laps, the back marker is shown a bluing masthead [ 69 ] telling them that they are obliged to allow the leader to overtake them. The slower car is said to be “ lapped ” and, once the leader finishes the race, is classified as finishing the raceway “ one lap down ”. A driver can be lapped numerous times, by any car in front of them. A driver who fails to finish a race, through mechanical problems, accident or any other rationality is said to have retired from the race and is “ not Classified ” in the results. however, if the driver has completed more than 90 % of the slipstream distance, they will be classified. Throughout the race, drivers may make pit stops to change tyres and repair wrong ( from 1994 to 2009 inclusive, they could besides refuel ). different teams and drivers employ different stone blockage strategies in order to maximise their car ‘s electric potential. Three dry sur compounds, with unlike lastingness and attachment characteristics, are available to drivers. Over the course of a raceway, drivers must use two of the three available compounds. The unlike compounds have different levels of performance and choosing when to use which compound is a identify tactical decision to make. Different tyres have different colours on their sidewalls ; this allows spectators to understand the strategies. Under moisture conditions, drivers may switch to one of two specialize wet weather tyres with extra grooves ( one “ intercede ”, for meek wet conditions, such as after recent rain, one “ fully wet ”, for racing in or immediately after rain ). A driver must make at least one stop to use two sur compounds ; up to three stops are typically made, although far stops may be necessary to fix price or if weather conditions change. If rain tyres are used, drivers are no longer obliged to use both types of dry tyres .
- Race director
- This role involves generally managing the logistics of each F1 Grand Prix, inspecting cars in parc fermé before a race, enforcing FIA rules and controlling the lights which start each race. As the head of the race officials, the race director also plays a large role in sorting disputes amongst teams and drivers. Penalties, such as drive-through penalties (and stop-and-go penalties), demotions on a pre-race start grid, race disqualifications, and fines can all be handed out should parties break regulations. Up to 2019, the race director in Formula One was Charlie Whiting, who died in March 2019, and was replaced by Michael Masi.[70]
- Safety car
The Mercedes-AMG GT R condom car at the 2019 Hungarian Grand Prix race marshals, race officials may choose to deploy the safety car. This in effect suspends the race, with drivers following the safety car around the track at its speed in race order, with overtaking not permitted. Cars that have been lapped may, during the safety car period and depending on circumstances permitted by the race director, be allowed to un-lap themselves in order to ensure a smoother restart and to avoid blue flags being immediately thrown upon the resumption of the race with many of the cars in very close proximity to each other. The safety car circulates until the danger is cleared; after it comes in, the race restarts with a “rolling start”. Pit stops are permitted under the safety car. Since 2000, the main safety car driver has been German ex-racing driver Bernd Mayländer.[71] On the lap in which the safety car returns to the pits, the leading car takes over the role of the safety car until the timing line. After crossing this line, drivers are allowed to start racing for track position once more. Mercedes-Benz supplies Mercedes-AMG models to Formula One to use as the safety cars. From 2021 onwards, Aston Martin supplies the Vantage to Formula One to use as the safety car, sharing the duty with Mercedes-Benz.[72]
Flags [edit ]
Flag
Meaning
SC Board
( Safety Car )
Shown in conjunction with a yellow flag to indicate that the Safety Car is on track. Full course yellow flag applies. Drivers must hold position and slow down.
VSC Board
( Virtual Safety Car )
Shown in conjunction with a yellow flag to indicate that the virtual safety car is in use. During this time, the drivers are given minimum sector times that they must stay above. Full course double yellow flag applies. The car’s time relative to this set time is measured at each marshalling post (approximately every 50 m), and the difference is referred to as the car’s “delta” time. This delta time is reported to the driver, and must remain positive throughout the VSC period else the driver will be penalised.[73]
Green
Normal racing conditions apply. This is usually shown following a yellow flag to indicate that the hazard has been passed. A green flag is shown at all stations for the lap following the end of a full-course yellow (or safety car). A green flag is also shown at the start of a session.
Yellow
Indicates a hazard on or near the track (waved yellows indicate a hazard on the track, frozen yellows indicate a hazard near the track). Double waved yellows inform drivers that they must slow down as marshals are working on or near to the track and drivers should be prepared to stop.
Yellow and red striped
Slippery track, due to oil, water, or loose debris. Can be seen ‘rocked’ from side to side (not waved) to indicate a small animal on track.
Blue
A blue flag indicates that the driver in front must let faster cars behind them pass because they are being lapped. If the flag is missed 3 times, the driver could be penalised.
White
Indicates that there is a slow car ahead. Often waved at the end of the pit lane when a car is about to leave the pits.
Black and orange circle
Car is damaged or has a mechanical problem, must return to the pit lane immediately. Will be accompanied by driver’s number
Half black half white
Warns a driver for poor sportsmanship or dangerous behaviour. Can be followed by a Black flag upon further infringement. Accompanied by the driver’s number.
Black
Driver is disqualified. Will be accompanied by the driver’s number. This can be issued after a Half Black Half White flag.
Red
A red flag immediately halts a race or session when conditions become too dangerous to continue.
Chequered flag
End of the practice, qualifying or racing session.
The format of the race has changed short through Formula One ‘s history. The main changes have revolved around what is allowed at orchestra pit stops. In the early days of Grand Prix racing, a driver would be allowed to continue a slipstream in their teammate ‘s car should theirs develop a problem – in the modern era, cars are so carefully fitted to drivers that this has become impossible. In late years, the emphasis has been on changing refuel and sur variety regulations. Since the 2010 season, refuelling – which was reintroduced in 1994 – has not been allowed, to encourage less tactical race following safety concerns. The rule requiring both compounds of tire to be used during the subspecies was introduced in 2007, again to encourage racing on the path. The safety car is another relatively recent invention that reduced the need to deploy the crimson flag, allowing races to be completed on time for a growing international live television hearing .
Points system [edit ]
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
*
25
18
15
12
10
8
6
4
2
1
1
*A driver must finish within the clear ten-spot to receive a point for setting the fastest lap of the rush. If the driver who set the fastest lick finishes outside of the top ten, then the point for fastest lap will not be awarded for that race. [ 74 ] diverse systems for awarding championship points have been used since 1950. The current system, in topographic point since 2010, awards the top ten-spot cars points in the Drivers ‘ and Constructors ‘ Championships, with the winner receiving 25 points. All points won at each race are added up, and the driver and builder with the most points at the end of the season are crowned World Champions. Regardless of whether a driver stays with the same team throughout the season, or switches teams, all points earned by them count for the Drivers ‘ Championship. [ 75 ] A driver must be classified to receive points. To be classified, a driver need not finish the race, but complete at least 90 % of the winner ‘s race distance. consequently, it is potential for a driver to receive points even if they retired before the conclusion of the raceway. [ 76 ] If less than 75 % of the slipstream laps are completed by the winner, then merely half of the points listed in the table are awarded to the drivers and constructors. This has happened on only five occasions in the history of the championship, and it had a noteworthy influence on the final stand of the 1984 season. The last happening was at the 2021 belgian Grand Prix when the race was called off after merely 3 laps behind a condom car due to torrential rain. [ 77 ]
Constructors [edit ]
A Formula One builder is the entity credited for designing the chassis and the engine. [ 78 ] If both are designed by the lapp caller, that company receives sole credit as the builder ( e.g. Ferrari ). If they are designed by different companies, both are credited, and the diagnose of the chassis graphic designer is placed before that of the locomotive graphic designer ( e.g. McLaren – Mercedes ). All constructors are scored individually, even if they parcel either chassis or engine with another builder ( e.g. Williams – Ford, Williams – Honda in 1983 ). [ 79 ] Since 1981, [ 80 ] Formula One teams have been required to build the chassis in which they compete, and consequently the distinction between the terms “ team ” and “ builder ” became less pronounce, though engines may however be produced by a different entity. This prerequisite distinguishes the sport from series such as the IndyCar Series which allows teams to purchase chassis, and “ specification series “ such as GP2, which require all cars be kept to an identical stipulation. It besides effectively prohibits privateers, which were common even in Formula One well into the 1970s. The frolic ‘s debut season, 1950, saw eighteen teams compete, but due to senior high school costs, many dropped out cursorily. In fact, such was the scarcity of competitive cars for much of the first ten of Formula One that Formula Two cars were admitted to fill the grids. Ferrari is the oldest formula One team, the only still-active team which competed in 1950.
early manufacturer interest came in the form of a “ factory team ” or “ works team “ ( that is, one owned and staffed by a major car ship’s company ), such as those of Alfa Romeo, Ferrari, or Renault. After having virtually disappeared by the early 1980s, factory teams made a rejoinder in the 1990s and 2000s and formed up to half the grid with Ferrari, Jaguar, BMW, Renault, Toyota, and Honda either setting up their own teams or buying out existing ones. Mercedes-Benz owned 40 % of the McLaren team and manufactured the team ‘s engines. factory teams make up the circus tent competitive teams ; in 2008 wholly owned factory teams took four of the clear five positions in the Constructors ‘ Championship, and McLaren the other. Ferrari holds the record for having won the most Constructors ‘ Championships ( sixteen ). however, by the end of the 2000s factory teams were once again on the worsen with merely Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, and Renault lodging entries to the 2010 backing. Companies such as Climax, Repco, Cosworth, Hart, Judd and Supertec, which had no aim team affiliation, often sold engines to teams that could not afford to manufacture them. In the early on years, independently owned Formula One team sometimes besides built their engines, though this became less common with the increased involvement of major car manufacturers such as BMW, Ferrari, Honda, Mercedes-Benz, Renault, and Toyota, whose large budgets rendered privately built engines less competitive. Cosworth was the last independent engine supplier. Beginning in 2007, the manufacturers ‘ deep pockets and technology ability took complete, eliminating the last of the mugwump locomotive manufacturers. [ 81 ] It is estimated the major teams spend between €100 and €200 million ( $ 125– $ 225 million ) per class per manufacturer on engines alone. [ 82 ] In the 2007 season, for the first time since the 1981 rule, two teams used chassis built by other teams. Super Aguri started the season using a limited Honda Racing RA106 chassis ( used by Honda the former year ), while Scuderia Toro Rosso used the lapp human body used by the parent Red Bull Racing team, which was formally designed by a separate subordinate. The custom of these loopholes was ended for 2010 with the publication of newfangled technical regulations, which require each builder to own the cerebral place rights to their chassis, [ 83 ] which prevents a team using a chassis owned by another Formula One builder. [ 84 ] The regulations continue to allow a team to subcontract the purpose and construction of the chassis to a third-party, an choice used by the HRT team in 2010 and Haas presently. Although teams rarely disclose information about their budgets, it is estimated they range from US $ 66 million to US $ 400 million each. [ 85 ] Entering a new team in the Formula One World Championship requires a £25 million ( about US $ 32 million ) up-front payment to the FIA, which is then repaid to the team over the course of the season. As a consequence, constructors desiring to enter Formula One often prefer to buy an existing team : BAR ‘s buy of Tyrrell and Midland ‘s purchase of Jordan allowed both of these teams to sidestep the big deposition and secure the benefits the team already had, such as television receiver gross. Seven out of the ten teams competing in Formula 1 are based close to London in an area centred around Oxford. Ferrari have both their human body and engine fabrication in Maranello, Italy. The Alpha Tauri team are based close to Ferrari in Faenza, whilst the Alfa Romeo team are based near Zurich in Switzerland. [ 86 ] [ 87 ]
Drivers [edit ]
Every team in Formula One must run two cars in every session in a Grand Prix weekend, and every team may use up to four drivers in a temper. [ 60 ] A team may besides run two extra drivers in Free Practice sessions, [ 60 ] which are frequently used to test potential new drivers for a career as a Formula One driver or acquire experienced drivers to evaluate the car. [ 88 ] [ 89 ] Most modern drivers are contracted for at least the duration of a season, with driver changes taking place in-between seasons, in comparison to early years where drivers much competed at an ad hoc basis from subspecies to raceway. Each rival must be in the possession of a FIA Super Licence to compete in a Grand Prix, [ 90 ] which is issued to drivers who have met the criteria of achiever in junior motorsport categories and having achieved 300 kilometres ( 190 secret intelligence service ) of running in a Formula One car. Drivers may besides be issued a Super license by the World Motor Sport Council if they fail to meet the criteria. [ 90 ] Although most drivers earn their seat on ability, commercial considerations besides come into bring with teams having to satisfy sponsors and fiscal demands. Teams besides narrow examination and reservation drivers, to stand in for regular drivers when necessary and develop the team ‘s car ; although with the reduction on testing the reservation drivers ‘ character chiefly takes places on a simulator, [ 91 ] such as rFactor Pro, [ 92 ] [ 93 ] which is used by most of the F1 teams. [ 94 ] [ 95 ] Each driver chooses an unassigned number from 2 to 99 ( excluding 17 which was retired following the death of Jules Bianchi ) [ 96 ] upon entering Formula One, and keeps that number during their fourth dimension in the series. The number one is reserved for the reigning Drivers ‘ Champion, who retains their previous number and may choose to ( but does n’t have to ) use it alternatively of the number one. [ 97 ] At the attack of the championship, numbers were allocated by raceway organisers on an ad hoc basis from race to subspecies, and competitors did not have a permanent number throughout the season. [ 98 ] permanent wave numbers were introduced in 1973 to take effect in 1974, when teams were allocated numbers in ascending order based on the Constructors ‘ Championship standings at the end of the 1973 season. The teams would hold those numbers from season to season with the exception of the team with the World Drivers ‘ Champion, which would swap its numbers with the one and two of the previous supporter ‘s team. New entrants were allocated plain numbers, with the exception of the total 13 which had been unused since 1976. [ 99 ] As teams kept their numbers for retentive periods of fourth dimension, car numbers became associated with a team, such as Ferrari ‘s 27 and 28. [ 98 ] A different arrangement was used from 1996 to 2013 : at the begin of each temper, the current Drivers ‘ Champion was designated count one, their teammate number two, and the respite of the teams assigned ascending numbers according to former temper ‘s Constructors ‘ Championship order. [ 100 ] A entire of 33 separate drivers have won the World Drivers ‘ Championship, with Michael Schumacher and Lewis Hamilton holding the criminal record for most championships with seven. Lewis Hamilton achieved the most raceway wins, excessively, in 2020. Jochen Rindt is the only posthumous World Champion, after his points entire was not surpassed despite his fateful accident at the 1970 italian Grand Prix, with 4 races inactive remaining in the temper. Drivers from the United Kingdom have been the most successful in the fun, with 18 championships among 10 drivers, and 278 wins among 19 drivers .
Feeder series [edit ]
Most F1 drivers start in kart rush competitions, and then come up through traditional european single-seater series like Formula Ford and Formula Renault to Formula 3, and finally the GP2 Series. GP2 started in 2005, replacing formula 3000, which itself had replaced Formula Two as the last major stepping-stone into F1. GP2 was rebranded as the FIA Formula 2 Championship in 2017. Most champions from this level calibrate into F1, but 2006 GP2 supporter Lewis Hamilton became the first F2, F3000 or GP2 supporter to win the Formula One driver ‘s claim in 2008. [ 101 ] Drivers are not required to have competed at this floor before entering Formula One. british F3 has supplied many F1 drivers, with champions, including Nigel Mansell, Ayrton Senna and Mika Häkkinen having moved square from that series to Formula One, and Max Verstappen made his F1 introduction following a one season in european F3. More rarely a driver may be picked from an even lower degree, as was the case with 2007 World Champion Kimi Räikkönen, who went uncoiled from Formula Renault to F1. [ 102 ] American open-wheel car race has besides contributed to the Formula One grid. CART champions Mario Andretti and Jacques Villeneuve became F1 World Champions, while Juan Pablo Montoya won seven races in F1. other CART ( besides known as ChampCar ) champions, like Michael Andretti and Alessandro Zanardi won no races in F1. other drivers have taken different paths to F1 ; Damon Hill raced motorbikes, and Michael Schumacher raced in sports cars, albeit after climbing through the junior single-seater ranks. Former F1 driver Paul di Resta raced in DTM until he was signed with Force India in 2011. To slipstream, however, the driver must hold an FIA Super Licence –ensuring that the driver has the needed skills, and will not be a risk to others. Some drivers have not had the license when first signed to an F1 team : for example, Räikkönen received the license despite having lone 23 car races to his credit .
Beyond F1 [edit ]
Most long-time F1 drivers leave the series in their mid to late 30s. Some F1 drivers have left to race in the United States – Nigel Mansell and Emerson Fittipaldi duelled for the 1993 CART title, Rubens Barrichello moved to IndyCar in 2012, while Jacques Villeneuve, Juan Pablo Montoya, Nelson Piquet Jr. and Scott Speed moved to NASCAR. Some drivers have moved from F1 to racing in disciplines with fewer races during the season. The german tour cable car championship, the DTM, is a popular category involving ex-drivers such as two-time champion Mika Häkkinen and F1 raceway winners Jean Alesi, David Coulthard and Ralf Schumacher. In recent years, it has become common for former F1 drivers to take up factory seats driving LMP1 cars in the FIA World Endurance Championship, with luminary drivers including Mark Webber, Allan McNish, Anthony Davidson, Alexander Wurz, Kazuki Nakajima, Sébastien Buemi and Fernando Alonso. A series for former Formula One drivers, called Grand Prix Masters, ran briefly in 2005 and 2006. [ 103 ] early drivers have moved to Formula E such as Nelson Piquet Jr., Sébastien Buemi, Bruno Senna, Jaime Alguersuari, Nick Heidfeld, Jarno Trulli, Jean-Éric Vergne, Felipe Massa, Stoffel Vandoorne, and more. Some drivers, such as Vitantonio Liuzzi, Narain Karthikeyan and Jos Verstappen went on to race in the A1 Grand Prix series. During its being from 2008 to 2011, Superleague Formula attracted ex-Formula One drivers like Sébastien Bourdais, Antônio Pizzonia and Giorgio Pantano. early former F1 drivers, like Jackie Stewart, Gerhard Berger, Alain Prost and Niki Lauda returned to F1 as team owners or managers while their former competitors have become discolor commentators for television receiver coverage such as James Hunt ( BBC ), Martin Brundle ( BBC, ITV and Sky ), David Hobbs ( NBC ), Alan Jones ( BBC, Nine Network and Ten Network ), David Coulthard ( BBC and Channel 4 ), Luciano Burti for Globo ( Brazil ), and Jean Alesi for Italian national network RAI. Others, such as Damon Hill and Jackie Stewart, take active roles in running motorsport in their own countries. Carlos Reutemann became a politician and served as governor of his native state in Argentina .
Grands Prix [edit ]
de facto status of the territories is shown) World map showing the placement of Formula 1 Grands Prix : countries marked in green are on the current rush schedule, those in dark grey have hosted a Formula One rush in the past ( status of the territories is shown ) The number of Grands Prix held in a season has varied over the years. The inaugural 1950 world championship season comprised only seven races, while the 2019 season contained 21 races. There were no more than 11 Grands Prix per season during the early decades of the championship, although a big number of non-championship Formula One events besides took place. The count of Grands Prix increased to an average of 16 to 17 by the late 1970s, while non-championship events ended in 1983. More Grands Prix began to be held in the 2000s, and recent seasons have seen an average of 19 races. In 2016, 2018, and 2019, the calendar peaked at 21 events, the highest number of world backing races in one season. Six of the original seven races took place in Europe ; the merely non-European race that counted towards the World Championship in 1950 was the Indianapolis 500, which was held to unlike regulations and later replaced by the United States Grand Prix. The F1 backing gradually expanded to other non-European countries. Argentina hosted the first South american english Grand Prix in 1953, and Morocco hosted the first gear african World Championship slipstream in 1958. Asia and Oceania followed ( Japan in 1976 and Australia in 1985 ), and the first race in the Middle East was held in 2004. The 19 races of the 2014 season were spread over every populated continent except for Africa, with 10 Grands Prix held outside Europe .
Some of the Grands Prix pre-date the formation of the World Championship, such as the french Grand Prix, and were incorporated into the championship as Formula One races in 1950. The british and italian Grands Prix are the merely events to have been held every Formula One season ; other long-running races include the belgian, german, and french Grands Prix. The Monaco Grand Prix was first held in 1929 and has run continuously since 1955 ( with the exception of 2020 ), and is widely considered to be one of the most significant and prestigious automobile races in the global. [ 104 ] All Grands Prix have traditionally been run during the day, until the inauguration Singapore Grand Prix hosted the first Formula One night race, [ 105 ] which was followed in 2009 by the day–night Abu Dhabi Grand Prix and then the Bahrain Grand Prix which converted to a nox race in 2014. other Grands Prix in Asia have had their starting signal times adjusted to benefit the european television hearing. [ 106 ]
Returning additions ( 2008–present ) [edit ]
New Locations Initiative ( 2008–present ) [edit ]
Bold denotes the Grands Prix scheduled as function of the 2021 season. Since 2008, the Formula One Group has been targeting newfangled “ address cities ” to expand its ball-shaped reach, with the bearing to produce races from countries that have not previously been involved in the fun. [ citation needed ] This enterprise started with the 2008 Singapore Grand Prix. [ 108 ]
future Grands Prix [edit ]
Bold denotes the Grands Prix scheduled as function of the 2021 season. Below is a list of announce plans for raw Grands Prix .
Circuits [edit ]
A typical circuit features a stretch of neat road on which the starting power system is situated. The pit lane, where the drivers stop for tyres, aerodynamic adjustments and minor repairs ( such as changing the car ‘s nose due to front flank damage ) during the race, retirements from the race, and where the teams work on the cars before the race, is normally located next to the starting power system. The layout of the respite of the circuit varies widely, although in most cases the racing circuit runs in a clockwise direction. Those few circuits that run counterclockwise ( and consequently have predominantly bumbling corners ) can cause drivers neck problems due to the enormous lateral forces generated by F1 cars pulling their heads in the diametric direction to normal. A single raceway requires hotel rooms to accommodate at least 5,000 visitors. [ 109 ] Most of the circuits presently in consumption are particularly constructed for contest. The current street circuits are Monaco, Melbourne, Singapore and Baku although races in early urban locations come and go ( Las Vegas and Detroit, for model ) and proposals for such races are much discussed – most recently New Jersey. several circuits have been wholly laid out on public roads in the past, such as Valencia in Spain, though Monaco is the merely one that remains. The glamor and history of the Monaco raceway are the primary coil reasons why the circuit is still in manipulation, even though it does not meet the hard-and-fast safety requirements imposed on other tracks. Three-time World champion Nelson Piquet famously described racing in Monaco as “ like riding a bicycle around your live board ”. [ 110 ] Circuit design to protect the safety of drivers is becoming increasingly sophisticate, as exemplified by the raw Bahrain International Circuit, added in 2004 and designed – like most of F1 ‘s new circuits – by Hermann Tilke. Several of the new circuits in F1, specially those designed by Tilke, have been criticised as lacking the “ flow ” of such classics as Spa-Francorchamps and Imola. His redesign of the Hockenheim circuit in Germany for exercise, while providing more capacity for grandstands and eliminating highly long and dangerous straights, has been frowned upon by many who argue that depart of the character of the Hockenheim circuits was the hanker and blinding straights into dark afforest sections. These newer circuits, however, are generally agreed to meet the condom standards of mod Formula One better than the older ones. Old favourites the Österreichring ( nowadays the Red Bull Ring ) and the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez, returned to the calendar in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The circuit of the Americas in Austin, the Sochi Autodrom in Sochi and the Baku City Circuit in Azerbaijan have all been introduced as stigmatize new tracks since 2012. In 2020, Algarve International Circuit debuted on the F1 calendar as the venue of the Portuguese Grand Prix, with the nation having last hosted a race in 1996. [ barn ] In 2021, Circuit Zandvoort returned to the F1 calendar as the Dutch Grand Prix, having last hosted a rush in 1985 .
Cars and technology [edit ]
modern Formula One cars are mid-engined, loanblend, assailable cockpit, overt wheel single-seaters. The chassis is made largely of carbon-fibre composites, rendering it inner light but extremely stiffly and strong. The wholly car, including the driver but not fuel, weighs lone 740 kg ( 1,630 pound ) – the minimum weight set by the regulations. [ 111 ] If the construction of the car is lighter than the minimum, it can be ballasted up to add the necessity weight unit. The subspecies teams take advantage of this by placing this ballast at the extreme bottom of the chassis, thereby locating the concentrate of graveness angstrom gloomy as potential in orderliness to improve treatment and weight transplant. [ 112 ] The cornering speed of Formula One cars is largely determined by the aerodynamic downforce that they generate, which pushes the car down onto the path. This is provided by “ wings ” mounted at the movement and rear of the fomite, and by background effect created by humble air pressure under the apartment bottom of the car. The streamlined design of the cars is very heavily constrained to limit performance and the stream genesis of cars sport a large number of minor winglets, “ barge boards ”, and turning vanes designed to close control the run of the air over, under, and around the car. The other major component controlling the cornering rush of the cars is the design of the tyres. From 1998 to 2008, the tyres in Formula One were not “ slicks “ ( tyres with no tread design ) as in most other circuit racing series. alternatively, each sur had four large circumferential grooves on its open designed to limit the cornering accelerate of the cars. [ 113 ] Slick tyres returned to Formula One in the 2009 season. pause is double wishbone or multilink front and raise, with pushrod operated springs and dampers on the chassis – one exception being that of the 2009 stipulation Red Bull Racing cable car ( RB5 ) which used pullrod suspension at the back, the foremost car to do then since the Minardi PS01 in 2001. Ferrari used a pullrod suspension at both the movement and rear in their 2012 car. [ 114 ] Both Ferrari ( F138 ) and McLaren ( MP4-28 ) of the 2013 season used a pullrod suspension at both the battlefront and the buttocks. Carbon-carbon disk brakes are used for boil down weight and increased frictional operation. These provide a identical high flush of braking performance and are normally the element that provokes the greatest chemical reaction from drivers raw to the formula. Formula One cars must have four uncover wheels, all made of the same metallic material, which must be one of two magnesium alloys specified by the FIA. [ 115 ] Magnesium alloy wheels made by forging are used to achieve maximum unsprung rotating weight decrease. [ 116 ]
Starting with the 2014 Formula 1 season, the engines have changed from a 2.4-litre naturally aspirated V8 to turbocharged 1.6-litre V6 “ power-units ”. [ 117 ] These get a significant measure of their baron from electric motors. In addition they include a lot of energy recovery engineering. Engines run on unleaded fuel close resembling publicly available gasoline. [ 118 ] The vegetable oil which lubricates and protects the locomotive from overheating is very alike in viscosity to body of water. The 2006 generation of engines spun up to 20,000 revolutions per minute and produced over 580 kW ( 780 bhp ). [ 119 ] For 2007, engines were restricted to 19,000 revolutions per minute with restrict development areas allowed, following the engine stipulation freeze since the end of 2006. [ 120 ] For the 2009 Formula One season the engines were farther restricted to 18,000 revolutions per minute. [ 121 ] A wide variety show of technologies – including active suspension [ 122 ] and background effect aerodynamics [ 123 ] – are banned under the current regulations. Despite this the current genesis of cars can reach speeds in excess of 350 km/h ( 220 miles per hour ) at some circuits. [ 124 ] The highest straight line speed recorded during a Grand Prix was 372.6 kilometers per hour ( 231.5 miles per hour ), set by Juan Pablo Montoya during the 2005 italian Grand Prix. [ 125 ] A BAR-Honda Formula One car, running with minimum downforce on a runway in the Mojave Desert achieved a top accelerate of 415 km/h ( 258 miles per hour ) in 2006. According to Honda, the car fully met the FIA Formula One regulations. [ 126 ] even with the limitations on aerodynamics, at 160 kilometers per hour ( 99 miles per hour ) aerodynamically generated downforce is equal to the weight of the car, and the oft-repeated claim that Formula One cars create adequate downforce to “ drive on the ceiling ”, while possible in principle, has never been put to the quiz. Downforce of 2.5 times the car ‘s system of weights can be achieved at full focal ratio. The downforce means that the cars can achieve a lateral force with a magnitude of up to 3.5 times that of the storm of graveness ( 3.5g ) in cornering. [ 127 ] Consequently, the driver ‘s head is pulled sideways with a impel equivalent to the weight of 20 kg in corners. such high lateral forces are enough to make breathe unmanageable and the drivers need supreme concentration and fitness to maintain their concenter for the one to two hours that it takes to complete the race. A high-performance road car like the Enzo Ferrari only achieves around 1g. [ 128 ] As of 2019, each team may have no more than two cars available for use at any time. [ 129 ] Each driver may use no more than four engines during a championship season unless they drive for more than one team. If more engines are used, they drop ten places on the starting grid of the consequence at which an extra engine is used. The only exception is where the engine is provided by a manufacturer or supplier taking separate in its first championship season, in which case up to five may be used by a driver. [ 130 ] Each driver may use no more than one gearbox for six back-to-back events ; every unscheduled gearbox change requires the driver to drop five places on the power system unless they failed to finish the previous race due to reasons beyond the team ‘s control condition. [ 131 ] As of 2019, each driver is limited to 3 exponent units per season, before incurring grid penalties. Following tire failures at the 2020 british Grand Prix, the FIA announced it would be reducing the downforce of the cars in 2021 to reduce the risk of such failures. Pirelli said the move was “ more than welcome ”. [ 132 ]
tax income and profits [edit ]
calculate budget cleave of a Formula One team based on the 2006 season In March 2007, F1 Racing published its annual estimates of spend by Formula One team. [ 133 ] The full spend of all football team teams in 2006 was estimated at $ 2.9 billion US. This was broken down as follows : Toyota $ 418.5 million, Ferrari $ 406.5 megabyte, McLaren $ 402 thousand, Honda $ 380.5 meter, BMW Sauber $ 355 meter, Renault $ 324 molarity, Red Bull $ 252 molarity, Williams $ 195.5 thousand, Midland F1/Spyker-MF1 $ 120 molarity, Toro Rosso $ 75 megabyte, and Super Aguri $ 57 million. Costs vary greatly from team to team. Honda, Toyota, McLaren-Mercedes, and Ferrari were estimated to have spent approximately $ 200 million on engines in 2006, Renault spent approximately $ 125 million and Cosworth ‘s 2006 V8 was developed for $ 15 million. [ 134 ] In contrast to the 2006 season on which these figures are based, the 2007 sporting regulations banned all performance related engine development. [ 135 ] Formula One team pay entry fees of $ 500,000, plus $ 5,000 per point scored the previous year or $ 6,000 per point for the achiever of the Constructors ‘ Championship. Formula One drivers pay a FIA Super Licence fee, which in 2013 was €10,000 plus €1,000 per point. [ 136 ] There have been controversies with the way profits are shared amongst the teams. The smaller teams have complained that the profits are unevenly shared, favouring established acme teams. In September 2015, Force India and Sauber formally lodged a ailment with the European Union against Formula One questioning the administration and stating that the system of dividing revenues and determining the rules is unfair and unlawful. [ 137 ] The price of building a brand modern permanent tour can be up to hundreds of millions of dollars, while the cost of converting a public road, such as Albert Park, into a temp circumference is a lot less. permanent wave circuits, however, can generate tax income all year beat from leasing the track for private races and other races, such as MotoGP. The Shanghai International Circuit monetary value over $ 300 million [ 138 ] and the Istanbul Park racing circuit monetary value $ 150 million to build. [ 139 ] A act of Formula One drivers earn the highest wage of any drivers in car rush. The highest-paid driver in 2021 is Lewis Hamilton, who received $ 55 million in wage from Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 – a record for any driver. [ 140 ] The identical top Formula One drivers get paid more than IndyCar or NASCAR drivers, however, the earnings immediately fall off after the crown three F1 drivers and the majority of NASCAR racers will make more money than their F1 counterparts. [ 141 ] Most top IndyCar drivers are paid around a tenth of their Formula One counterparts. [ 140 ] In the second quarter of 2020, Formula One reported a loss tax income of $ 122 million and an income of $ 24 million. This was a solution of the delay of the racing backing starting signal as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The company grossed revenues of $ 620 million for the lapp one-fourth the previous year. [ 142 ]
future [edit ]
A sign announcing that the safety cable car ( SC ) is deployed The expense of Formula One has seen the FIA and the Formula One Commission undertake to create newfangled regulations to lower the costs for a team to compete in the sport. [ 143 ] [ 144 ] Cost-saving proposals have included allowing customer cars, either by teams purchasing a car from another builder, or the series supplying a basic chassis and engine to some teams at a gloomy cost. [ 145 ] [ 146 ] Allowing teams to share more car components such as the monocoque and guard components is besides under consideration. [ 147 ] The FIA besides continually researches new ways to increase guard in the sport, which includes introducing new regulations and accident procedures. In the interest of making the sport true to its role as a World Championship, Bernie Ecclestone had initiated and organised a count of Grands Prix in raw countries. Proposals to hold future races are regularly made by both new locations and countries and circuits that have previously hosted a Formula One Grand Prix. The Portuguese and Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, at Portimão and Imola, are the most holocene additions to the current calendar, having been introduced in the COVID-19 -disrupted 2020 temper. [ 148 ] [ 149 ] 2021 will besides see the return of the Dutch Grand Prix at Zandvoort, which was first scheduled for 2020 but then postponed to 2021 because of the pandemic, and the debut of the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix in Jeddah. [ 150 ] [ 151 ] Following their purchase of the commercial rights to the sport in 2017, Liberty Media announced their sight for the future of Formula One at the 2018 Bahrain Grand Prix. The proposal identified five key areas, including streamlining the government of the sport, emphasising cost-effectiveness, maintaining the frolic ‘s relevance to road cars and encouraging new manufacturers to enter the championship whilst enabling them to be competitive. [ 152 ] Liberty cited 2021 as their aim go steady as it coincided with the need to renew commercial agreements with the teams and the end of the seven-year cycle [ original research? ] of engine exploitation that started in 2014. On 19 August 2020, it was announced that all 10 Formula 1 teams had signed up to the new Concorde Agreement. [ 153 ] The fresh agreement will come into effect at the start of the 2021 season and will change how prize money and television receiver tax income is distributed. [ 154 ]
responsibility towards the environment [edit ]
formula 1 has launched a plan to become carbon inert by 2030. It will move to ultra-efficient logistics and travel and 100 % renewably powered offices, facilities, and factories and offset emissions that can not be cut. As the first step, it would begin carbon-reduction projects immediately. By 2025, all events should become “ sustainable ”, including eliminating single-use plastics and ensuring all waste is reused, recycled or composted. [ 155 ] In January 2020, FIA and Formula One signed the United Nations “ Sports for Climate Action ” framework and affirmed that they would become carbon neutral by 2030. After the sign was announced, FIA President Jean Todt said : “ As an international Federation comprising 244 members in 140 countries and the leader in drive sport and mobility development, we are amply committed to global environmental auspices. The sign of this UN Sports for Climate Action Framework reinforces the momentum that has been growing in our Federation for many years. Since the initiation of the loanblend exponent unit in F1 to the creation of the Environment and Sustainability Commission, the entire FIA community has been investing meter, energy and fiscal resources to the benefit of environmental innovations. We aim to inspire greater awareness and best practice in sustainability motive sport standards. ” [ 156 ] From the 2021-22 season, all cars will increase the bio-component of their fuel, using E10 fuel, rather than the 5.75 % of Ethanol presently used. This share is expected to grow again in the future. [ 157 ] In December 2020, the FIA claimed that it had developed a fuel with 100 % sustainability, to be used in Formula One from either 2025 or 2026, when new locomotive regulations come into force. [ 158 ]
Media coverage [edit ]
Formula One can be seen be or tape delayed in about every country and territory around the earth and attracts one of the largest ball-shaped television audiences. The 2008 temper attracted a ball-shaped hearing of 600 million people per race. [ 159 ] It is a massive television receiver event ; the accumulative television receiver audience was calculated to be 54 billion for the 2001 season, broadcast to 200 territories. [ 160 ] During the early on 1990s, Formula One Group created a act of trademarks, an official logo, an official television graphics software and in 2003, an official web site for the sport in an try to give it a corporate identity. Ecclestone experimented with a digital television receiver package ( known colloquially as Bernievision ) which was launched at the 1996 german Grand Prix in co-operation with german digital television serve “ DF1 ”, 30 years after the first GP coloring material television receiver broadcast, the 1967 german Grand Prix. This service offered the viewer several coincident feeds ( such as super sign, on board, lead of field, backfield, highlights, pit lane, timing ) which were produced with cameras, technical foul equipment and staff different from those used for the conventional coverage – i.e. : the “ World Feed ”. television stations all take what is known as the “ World Feed ”, either produced historically by the “ host broadcaster ” or by FOM ( Formula One Management ). The host broadcaster either had one feed for all, or two separate feeds – a feed for local viewers and a run for external viewers. The one size fits all approach meant that there was bias to a certain team or driver during the consequence, which led to viewers missing out on more crucial carry through and incidents, while the two prey approach meant that replays ( for when returning from an ad break ) and local bias natural process could be overlaid on the local run while the international feed was left insensible. The merely station that differed from this set up was “ DF1 ” ( re-branded to “ Premiere ” then to “ Sky Deutschland ” ) – a german channel which offers all sessions live and synergistic, with features such as the onboard and pitlane channels. This service was purchased by Bernie Ecclestone at the end of 1996 and became F1 Digital Plus, which was made more widely available around Europe until the conclusion of 2002, when the cost of the digital interactional service was thought besides much. Prices were excessively high for viewers, considering they could watch both the modify and the races on loose television receiver. After the failure of F1 Digital Plus, “ Premiere ” continued providing an interactional service, however, only the onboard and pit lane ( for certain events ) channels were available. This interactional service was a complete failure as the host broadcaster ‘s director failed to recognise the onboard channel during the air, leaving viewers frustrated looking at style cards preferably than the military action. The onboard fertilize lento came back to life in 2005 and in 2007 was available for the unharmed temper when F1 went widescreen. [ citation needed ] Upon the beginning of its coverage for the 2009 season, the BBC introduced complemental features such as the “ red release ” in-car camera angles, multiple soundtracks ( air comment, CBBC comment for children, or ambient sound lone ) and a roll highlights box. different combinations of these features were available across the versatile digital platforms in the UK and the BBC F1 web site ) anterior to, during, and after the race weekend. The BBC besides broadcast a post-race program called “ F1 Forum ” on the digital mundane platforms ‘ “ crimson button ” interactional services .
On 12 January 2011 F1 announced that it would adopt the HD format for the 2011 season offering a populace feed at a datum rate of 42 Megabits/second ( MPEG-2 ). [ 161 ] The BBC announced later that day that its 2011 F1 coverage would be broadcast in HD [ 162 ] which was made potential ascribable to SIS LIVE, the provider of the BBC ‘s F1 outside broadcast coverage, having already upgraded their technical facilities to HD as of the 2010 belgian Grand Prix. [ 163 ] It was announced on 29 July 2011, that Sky Sports and the BBC would team up to show the races in F1 from 2012 to 2018. Sky launched a channel dedicated to F1, Sky Sports F1 which covered all races live without commercial interruption vitamin a well as live rehearse and qualifying sessions, along with F1 program, including interviews, archive action and magazine shows. [ 164 ] In 2012 the BBC air live coverage of half of the races in the temper : China, Spain, Monaco, Europe, Britain, Belgium, Singapore, Korea, Abu Dhabi, and Brazil. [ 165 ] The BBC besides showed populate coverage of practice and qualifying sessions from those races. [ 166 ] For the races that the BBC did not show live, “ extended highlights ” of the race were available a few hours after the live broadcast. [ 167 ] BBC ended its television narrow after the 2015 season, three years earlier than planned. [ 168 ] The free-to-air television rights were picked up by Channel 4 until the end of the 2018 season. [ 169 ] Sky Sports F1 coverage remained unmoved and BBC Radio 5 Live and 5 live Sports Extra coverage was extended until the 2021 season. [ 170 ]
While Sky Sports and Channel 4 are the two major broadcasters of Formula 1, other countries show Formula One races. many use comment from either Sky Sports or Channel 4. Some countries, however, have commentators of their own. In most of Asia ( excluding China ), the two chief broadcasters of Formula one include the Fox network and Star Sports ( in India ). In the United States, ESPN holds the official rights to broadcast the sport. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, the two main broadcasters are RTL Germany and n-TV. In China, there are multiple channels that broadcast Formula One which include CCTV, Tencent, Guangdong television and Shanghai TV. [ 171 ] presently in France, the only channel that broadcasts Formula one is the yield television receiver channel Canal+, having renewed its broadcasting rights until 2024. [ 172 ] Formula One has an extensive vane following, with most major television receiver companies covering it. The official Formula One web site has live time charts that can be used during the subspecies to follow the leaderboard in real fourth dimension. An official lotion has been available for in the Apple App Store since 2009, [ 173 ] and on Google Play since 2011, [ 174 ] that shows users a real-time feed of driver positions, timing and comment. [ citation needed ] On 26 November 2017 Formula One unveiled a new logo, which replaced the former “ flying one ” in practice since 1993. [ 175 ] Formula One Management ‘s in-house production team produces raceway edits synchronised to music. [ 176 ] In March 2018, Formula One Management ( FOM ) announced the launching of F1 TV, an extraordinary ( OTT ) streaming platform that lets viewers watch multiple coincident video recording feeds and timing screens in addition to traditional mastermind rush footage and comment. [ 177 ]
distinction between Formula One and World Championship races [edit ]
presently, the terms ‘Formula One slipstream ‘ and ‘World Championship race ‘ are efficaciously synonymous. Since 1984, every Formula One rush has counted towards the World Championship, and every World Championship subspecies has been run to Formula One regulations. however, the two terms are not exchangeable .
- The first Formula One race was held in 1947,[57] whereas the World Championship did not start until 1950.[57]
- In the 1950s and 1960s, there were many Formula One races that did not count for the World Championship[178] (e.g., in 1950, a total of twenty-two Formula One races were held, of which only six counted towards the World Championship).[57] The number of non-championship Formula One events decreased throughout the 1970s and 1980s, to the point where the last non-championship Formula One race was the 1983 Race of Champions.[178]
- The World Championship was not always exclusively composed of Formula One events:
- The World Championship was originally established as the “World Championship for Drivers”, i.e., without the term “Formula One” in the title. It only officially became the FIA Formula One World Championship in 1981.
- From 1950 to 1960, the Indianapolis 500 race counted towards the World Championship.[178] This race was run to American Automobile Association and United States Automobile Club regulations, rather than to Formula One regulations. Only one of the World Championship regulars, Alberto Ascari in 1952, started at Indianapolis during this period.[179]
- From 1952 to 1953, all races counting towards the World Championship (except the Indianapolis 500) were run to Formula Two regulations.[178] Formula One was not changed to Formula Two during this period; the Formula One regulations remained the same, and numerous non-championship Formula One races were staged during this time.[180][181]
The eminence is most relevant when considering career summaries and all-time lists. For model, in the number of Formula One drivers, Clemente Biondetti is shown with a unmarried race against his name. Biondetti actually competed in four Formula One races in 1950, [ 182 ] but only one of these counted for the World Championship. similarly, several Indianapolis 500 winners technically won their inaugural World Championship slipstream, though most record books ignore this and alternatively only commemorate regular World Championship participants. [ citation needed ]
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^ Privateer team Team Gunston had previously carried ad on their cars .
- a b The portuguese Grand Prix featured on the 2020 calendar following the cancellation of events due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It features on the 2021 calendar for reasons unrelated to the pandemic .
References [edit ]
promote interpretation [edit ]
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- Gross, Nigel et al. (1999). “Grand Prix Motor Racing”. In, 100 Years of Change: Speed and Power (pp. 55–84). Parragon.
- Hayhoe, David & Holland, David (2006). Grand Prix Data Book (4th edition). Haynes, Sparkford, UK. ISBN 1-84425-223-X.
- Higham, Peter (2003). The international motor racing guide. David Bull, Phoenix, AZ, USA. ISBN 1-893618-20-X.
- “Inside F1”. Formula1.com. 2011 .
- Jones, Bruce (1997). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One. Hodder & Stoughton.
- Jones, Bruce (1998). Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing. Parragon.
- Jones, Bruce (2003). The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003. Carlton. Includes foreword by Martin Brundle. ISBN 1-84222-813-7.
- Jones, Bruce (2005). The Guide to 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship: The World’s Bestselling Grand Prix Guide. Carlton. ISBN 1-84442-508-8.
- Lang, Mike (1981–1992). Grand Prix! volumes 1–4. Haynes, Sparkford, UK.
- Menard, Pierre (2006). The Great Encyclopedia of Formula 1, 5th edition. Chronosport, Switzerland. ISBN 2-84707-051-6
- Miltner, Harry (2007). Race Travel Guide 2007. egoth: Vienna, Austria. ISBN 978-3-902480-34-7
- Small, Steve (2000). Grand Prix Who’s Who (3rd edition). Travel Publishing, UK. ISBN 1-902007-46-8.
- Tremayne, David & Hughes, Mark (1999). The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One. Parragon
- Twite, Mike. “Formula Regulations: Categories for International Racing” in Northey, Tom, ed. The World Of Automobiles, Volume 6, pp. 701–3. London: Phoebus, 1978.
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