malaysian politician
For the Malaysian football player of the same name, see Anwar Ibrahim ( football player )Ibrahim is a Anwar. The Arabic-derived word “bin” or “binti”/”binte”, if used, means ‘son of’ or ‘daughter of’, respectively. In this Malay name, there is no kin appoint. The nameis a patronymic, and the person should be referred to by the given list. The Arabic-derived word “ bin ” or “ binti ” / ” binte ”, if used, means ‘son of ‘ or ‘daughter of ‘, respectively.

Dato ‘ Seri Haji Anwar bin Ibrahim ( Jawi : أنوار بن إبراهيم ; Malay pronunciation : [ änwär ɪbrähɪm ] ; born 10 August 1947 ) is a malaysian politician who has served as the 12th and 16th Leader of the Opposition since May 2020 and from August 2008 to March 2015, 2nd Chairman of the Pakatan Harapan ( PH ) alliance since February 2020 and 2nd President of the People ‘s Justice Party ( PKR ) since November 2018. He has besides served as Member of Parliament ( MP ) for Port Dickson since October 2018. He was once Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1993 to 1998. Anwar started his political career as a founder of youth administration Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia ( ABIM ). After joining the United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ), the major party in the long-time rule Barisan Nasional ( BN ) coalescence, Anwar held respective high-profile cabinet positions in consecutive governments in the 1980s and 1990s. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1993 to 1998 and was Finance Minister from 1991 to 1998, during which he was outstanding in Malaysia ‘s reception to the 1997 asian fiscal crisis. however, he was removed from all posts by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in September 1998, after which Anwar led the Reformasi bowel movement against the government. Anwar was jailed in April 1999 after a trial for sodomy and corruptness that was criticised by homo rights groups [ 2 ] and several alien governments as politically motivated. He was released in 2004 after his conviction was overturned. He was the Leader of the opposition from 2008 to 2015 and was big coalescing the opposition parties into the Pakatan Rakyat ( PR ) coalescence, which unsuccessfully contested in the 2008 and 2013 general elections. He disputed the results of the 2013 elections and led a protest in answer. In 2014, Anwar ‘s attempt to become Selangor steer of government in the 2014 Kajang Move led to a nine-month political crisis, which ended when he was sentenced to another five years imprisonment after a second sodomy conviction in 2015. While hush in prison, Anwar re-joined Mahathir Mohamad under newly coalition Pakatan Harapan ( PH ) in absentia, which went on to win the 2018 cosmopolitan election. Mahathir outlined a plan for Anwar to take over from himself as Prime Minister after an unspecified interim period. [ 3 ] A few days after the election, Anwar received a royal excuse from Yang di-Pertuan Agong Muhammad V [ 4 ] and was released from prison. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] He soon made a rejoinder as a backbencher MP by contesting and winning the 2018 Port Dickson by-election while his wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail served as the Deputy Prime Minister in the PH administration. Despite the intention for Anwar to take over as Prime Minister, the collapse of the PH alliance during 2020–21 malaysian political crisis led to the new Perikatan Nasional ( PN ) administration under Muhyiddin Yassin being sworn in and Anwar becoming Leader of the Opposition the second base prison term in May 2020 .

early life sentence and department of education [edit ]

Anwar bin Ibrahim was born in Cherok Tok Kun, Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaya. [ 7 ] His church father, Ibrahim bank identification number Abdul Rahman, started his career as a hospital porter, late to join politics as the UMNO Member of Parliament for Seberang Perai Central between 1959 and 1969 and besides as the Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Health from 1964 to 1969 until his kill in the 1969 General Election by a candidate from Gerakan. His mother, Che Yan binti Hussein, was a housewife active in UMNO grassroots politics in Penang. [ 8 ] He undertook his secondary education at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar. He was educated at the University of Malaya, where he got a knight bachelor ‘s degree in Malay Studies, [ 9 ] and worked on his Masters in Literature through the National University of Malaysia while in prison from 1974 to 1975. [ 10 ]

early years ( 1968–1982 ) [edit ]

Anwar Ibrahim talk in 2005 From 1968 to 1971, as a scholar, Anwar was the president of the united states of the National Union of Malaysian Muslim Students. Around the lapp meter, he was besides the president of the University of Malaya Malay Language Society ( Malay : Persatuan Bahasa Melayu Universiti Malaya ( PBMUM ) ). In 1971, he was a member of the pro tem committee of Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia ( ABIM ) or Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia, which he co-founded. At the lapp time, he was elected as the 2nd President of the Malaysian Youth Council or Majlis Belia Malaysia ( MBM ). In 1974, Anwar was arrested during student protests against rural poverty and starve. This came as a report surfaced stating that a family died from starvation in a village in Baling, in the state of Kedah, which was later demonstrated to be fake. however, the rubber tappers in Baling were experiencing hard asperity as the price of rubberize dropped in 1974. He was imprisoned under the Internal Security Act ( ISA ), which allows for detention without trial, and spent 20 months in the Kamunting Detention Centre. From 1975 till 1982, he served as a representative for Asia Pacific of World Assembly of Muslim Youth ( WAMY ). [ 11 ] Anwar Ibrahim is besides the co-founder of the International Institute of Islamic Thought ( IIIT ) in the USA ( establish 1981 ). [ citation needed ] Anwar has been one of 4 acting directors, a board member of IIIT [ 12 ] and a regent. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] He was besides a chancellor of International Islamic University Kuala Lumpur between 1983 and 1988. [ 11 ]

early political career ( 1982–1998 ) [edit ]

In 1982, Anwar, who was the initiation leader and second president of the united states of an Islamic young person constitution called Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia ( ABIM ), shocked his liberal supporters [ citation needed ] [ neutrality is disputed ] by joining the United Malays National Organisation ( UMNO ), led by Mahathir Mohamad, who had become premier minister in 1981. Anwar quickly rose to high-level positions ; his inaugural ministerial office was that of Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in 1983 ; after that, he headed the Agriculture Ministry in 1984 before becoming Minister of Education in 1986. During his tenure as Education Minister, Anwar introduced numerous policies in the home school course of study. One of his major changes was to rename the national terminology from Bahasa Malaysia to Bahasa Melayu. Non-Malays criticised this affect as it would cause the younger generation to be detached from the national language since they would attribute it to being something that belongs to the Malays and not to Malaysians. As the minister of education, Anwar was elected as the 25th President of UNESCO ‘s General Conference. In 1988, Anwar Ibrahim became the second gear President of International Islamic University of Malaysia. [ 15 ] According to former Law Minister Zaid Ibrahim, Anwar is an islamist who “ helped Islamicise the whole government system ” and played a major function in the Islamicisation of the education system when he was Education Minister in the 1980s. [ 16 ] In 1991, Anwar was appointed as Minister of Finance. During his tenure as Finance Minister, his impact was contiguous ; Malaysia enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and economic emergence. soon after becoming Finance Minister, Euromoney named him as a top-four finance minister and in 1996 Asiamoney named him Finance Minister of the Year. In the midst of the 1997 asian fiscal crisis, Anwar as a deputy prime curate and finance minister, was hailed for guiding Malaysia through the period of instability. [ who? ] He backed free-market principles and highlighted the proximity of business and politics in Malaysia. He advocated greater accountability, refused to offer politics bail-outs and instituted widespread outgo cuts. In March 1998, Anwar was selected as the Chairman of the Development Committee of World Bank and International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) from March 1998 until September 1998. [ 17 ]

Deputy Prime Minister [edit ]

In 1993, he became Mahathir ‘s Deputy Prime Minister after winning the Deputy Presidency of UMNO against Ghafar Baba, he was seem and expected to succeed Mahathir as prime minister as he frequently alluded in public to his “ son-father ” relationship with Mahathir. By then, speculation was prevailing about Anwar ‘s ascent to the Deputy Prime Minister ‘s military position. In May 1997, Mahathir had appointed Anwar to be acting Prime Minister while he took a two-month vacation. [ 18 ] In Mahathir ‘s absence, Anwar had independently taken free radical steps, which directly conflicted with Mahathir ‘s policies, to change the state ‘s governing mechanisms. Issues such as how Malaysia would respond to a fiscal crisis were much at the forefront of this conflict. Towards the end of the 1990s, however, the relationship with Mahathir had begun to deteriorate, triggered by their conflict views on government. [ 19 ] [ 20 ] Anwar ‘s facade attack against what he described as the widespread culture of nepotism and cronyism within UMNO ( and the ruling coalition as a whole ) angered Mahathir, as did his attempts to dismantle the protectionist policies that Mahathir had set up. “ Cronyism ” was identified by Anwar as a major cause of corruption and embezzlement of funds in the country .
US Secretary of Defense William Cohen ( right ) meets with Anwar Ibrahim ( left ) in his Pentagon position in 1998 .

fiscal crisis [edit ]

During the 1997 asian Financial Crisis, Anwar supported the IMF plan as a finance minister. He besides instituted an austerity package that cut politics spending by 18 %, cut ministerial salaries and postpone major projects. “ Mega projects ”, despite being a cornerstone of Mahathir ‘s development scheme, were greatly curtailed. [ 20 ] Although many malaysian companies faced bankruptcy, Anwar declared : “ There is no interview of any bailout. The banks will be allowed to protect themselves and the government will not interfere. ” Anwar advocated a free-market approach to the crisis, including foreign investment and trade liberalization. Mahathir blamed currency speculators like George Soros for the crisis and supported currentness controls and tighter regulation of foreign investing. [ 21 ]

fall from ability and first sodomy conviction [edit ]

In 1998 Newsweek cartridge holder named Anwar the “ Asian of the year ”. [ citation needed ] however, in that year, matters between Anwar and Mahathir came to a head around the quadrennial UMNO General Assembly. The Youth fly of UMNO, headed by Anwar ‘s consociate Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, gave notice that it would initiate a debate on “ cronyism and nepotism ”. At the General Assembly, a script by Khalid Jafri, “50 Dalil Kenapa Anwar Tidak Boleh Jadi PM” ( “ 50 Reasons Why Anwar Can not Become Prime Minister ” ) was circulated containing graphic allegations of homosexuality, a well as accusations of corruptness against Anwar. Khalid Jafri was an ex-editor of the government-controlled newspaper Utusan Malaysia and former editor-in-chief of a fail magazine, Harian National. Anwar obtained a court injunction to prevent further distribution of the record and filed a lawsuit against the author for defamation. Police charged the generator of the koran with malicious publication of faithlessly news program. [ 22 ] The police were instructed to investigate the veracity of the claims. On 2 September 1998, Anwar was fired from the Cabinet, and many reports state that he was under investigation for sodomy, an act that is illegal in Malaysia. The following day, he was expelled from UMNO. In what the Sydney Morning Herald termed a “ blatantly political fix-up ”, [ 23 ] Anwar was arrested on 20 September 1998 and detained without test under the country ‘s controversial Internal Security Act ( ISA ). The Home Minister at the clock was besides the Prime Minister, Mahathir. Weeks later, Anwar was charged with corruption for allegedly interfering with the police investigation of him. While he was in patrol custody in 1998, Anwar was beaten by the then Inspector General of Police, Rahim Noor. The public and the media only witnessed his black eye after being brought to Court for the first clock time. Mahathir remarked that it could have been a self-inflicted injury to garner public sympathy. Rahim was subsequently found guilty of assault and jailed for two months in 2000. He made a public apology to Anwar and paid undisclosed damages. [ 24 ] During the test, a mattress purportedly stained with Anwar ‘s semen was presented to the court as DNA evidence of Anwar ‘s intimate acts. Anwar denied having anything to do with the mattress, although the deoxyribonucleic acid tests came out positive. Lim Kong Boon, a DNA chemist, testified during the test that DNA taken from 10 of 13 semen stains on the mattress matched Anwar ‘s DNA. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The defense team implied that DNA samples may have been taken from Anwar, while unconscious mind, after his pulsate in patrol custody, to create false forensics attest to frame Anwar ; however, High Court Judge Augustine Paul accepted that DNA attest. [ 26 ] [ 27 ] The High Court finally handed down its decisiveness in April 1999, sentencing Anwar to six years ‘ captivity for corruption and sodomy. Two months late, he was sentenced to nine years ‘ imprisonment for sodomy, which he was ordered to serve after completing his six-year prison term for corruption. [ 28 ] His trial and conviction were widely discredited by the international community. Amnesty International stated that the test proceedings “ exposed a traffic pattern of political handling of key department of state institutions including the police, public prosecutor ’ sulfur agency and the judiciary ” and declared Anwar a prisoner of conscience, stating that he had been arrested in order to silence him as a political adversary. [ 29 ] The Federal Court overturned his conviction and Anwar was ultimately released from hermit parturiency on 2 September 2004. [ 30 ]

Reformasi and formation of KEADILAN [edit ]

shortly after Anwar was dismissed as deputy prime curate by the then premier curate Mahathir Mohamad, Anwar and his supporters initiated the Reformasi movement. It consisted of several mass demonstrations and rallies against the long-standing Barisan Nasional coalition government. At the 1998 APEC Summit in Kuala Lumpur, the Vice-President of the United States, Al Gore, gave a speech supporting Anwar and the Reformasi movement in front of the Prime Minister of Malaysia and early Asia-Pacific premiers. [ citation needed ] Reformasi led to the geological formation of a newly multiracial-based party named Parti Keadilan Nasional or National Justice Party ( KEADILAN ). In 1999, a general election was held. The modern KEADILAN, Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party ( PAS ), and Democratic Action Party ( DAP ) formed a Barisan Alternatif or alternative Front ( BA ), in a aggregate inaugural to replace the standing Barisan Nasional ( BN ) alliance government. In August 2003, KEADILAN merged with Parti Rakyat Malaysia or Malaysian ‘s People Party ( PRM ) to form Parti Keadilan Rakyat or People ‘s Justice Party ( PKR ) headed by Wan Azizah as president. PKR made huge gains in the 2008 general election, winning 31 seats and becoming the parliament ‘s largest opposition party. In April 2008, PKR, PAS and DAP formed a new alliance named Pakatan Rakyat ( PR ). [ 31 ]

interim years ( 1999–2007 ) [edit ]

first gear sodomy conviction [edit ]

In 1999, Anwar brought lawsuit against Prime Minister Mahathir for defamation for allegedly utter accusations of immoral acts and calling Anwar a homosexual at a news league in Malaysia. [ 32 ] The sodomy verdict was partially overturned in 2004, resulting in Anwar ‘s acquittance from prison as he had already served his sentence for the corruption umbrage. [ 33 ] Anwar successfully sued Khalid Jafri for his “50 Dalil Kenapa Anwar Tidak Boleh Jadi PM” book, but Khalid died in 2005 of complications from diabetes before the high Court found that he had committed libel and awarded Anwar millions of ringgit in compensation. [ 34 ] The Federal Court on 8 March 2010 ruled that the 1998 dismissal of Anwar from his Cabinet posts by Mahathir was constitutional and valid, meaning Anwar had failed in his bid to challenge his sacking. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] [ 37 ] An appeal on the corruption charges was heard on 6 September 2004. Under malaysian law, a person is banned from political activities for five years after the end of his prison term. success in this appeal would have allowed him to return to politics immediately. On 7 September, the court agreed to hear Anwar ‘s attract. however, on 15 September, the Court of Appeal ruled unanimously that its previous decisiveness to uphold a high Court rule that found Anwar guilty was in order, relegating Anwar to the sidelines of malaysian politics until 14 April 2008. The only way for Anwar to be freed from this stricture would have been for him to receive a pardon from the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. [ citation needed ]

Teaching and non-profit sour [edit ]

After his let go of from prison, Anwar held teaching positions at St Antony ‘s College, Oxford, where he was a travel to mate and senior associate member, at Johns Hopkins University ‘s School of Advanced International Studies in Washington DC as a Distinguished Senior Visiting Fellow, and in 2005–2006 as a visit professor at the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. [ 38 ] In March 2006 he was appointed as Honorary President of the London-based constitution AccountAbility ( Institute of Social and Ethical AccountAbility ). [ 39 ] In July 2006, Anwar was elected Chair of the Washington-based Foundation For the Future. [ 40 ] In this capacity, he signed 1 October 2006 letter to Robin Cleveland of the World Bank, requesting the transfer of Shaha Riza from the US Department of State to the Foundation for the Future. This transaction led to Paul Wolfowitz ‘s resignation as president of the organization. [ 41 ] He was one of the signatories of “ A Common Word Between Us and You “ in 2007, an open letter by Islamic scholars to christian leaders, calling for peace and understanding .

reelect to politics [edit ]

In November 2006, Anwar announced he planned to run for Parliament in 2008 after his disqualification expired. Anwar was critical of politics policies after his free from prison, most notably the controversial New Economic Policy ( NEP ), which provided affirmative action for the Bumiputras. The policy set a number of quotas, such as for units of housing and initial public offerings, that must be met. [ 42 ] Before he became re-entitled to run for Parliament in 2008, he acted as an “ adviser ” of Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the party of which his wife Dr Wan Azizah was president of the united states. He was at the forefront in organising a November 2007 mass rally, called the 2007 Bersih Rally, which took place at Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, to demand clean and carnival elections. The gather was organised by Bersih, a coalescence comprising political parties and civil society groups, and drew supporters from all over the nation. [ citation needed ] The 2008 general election date was set for 8 March 2008, before Anwar ‘s disqualification from politics expired, sparking criticisms that Barisan Nasional called for early elections in a bid to deny Anwar ‘s plans for a return to Parliament. In response, Anwar ‘s wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, declared that she would step down should she retain her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat to force a by-election in which Anwar himself would contest. [ 43 ] When asked about the possibility of Anwar becoming the adjacent Prime Minister, former drawing card Tun Dr Mahathir reacted by saying, “ He would make a commodity Prime Minister of Israel ”. [ 44 ] On 14 April 2008, Anwar celebrated his official hark back to the political phase, as his banish from public office expired a decade after he was fired as Deputy Prime Minister. The resistance seized a third of parliamentary seats and five states in the worst-ever picture for the Barisan Nasional alliance that has ruled for half a century, with Anwar at the helm. [ 45 ] A gather of more than 40,000 supporters greeted Anwar in a tease welcoming his render to politics. Police interrupted Anwar after he had addressed the tease for closely two hours and called for him to stop the gather since there was no legal permission for the tease. [ 46 ] On 29 April 2008, after 10 years of absence, he returned to the Parliament, albeit upon invitation as a spouse guest of Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, People ‘s Justice Party and the first female confrontation leader in Malaysian Parliament ‘s history. [ 47 ]

Permatang Pauh by-election [edit ]

Anwar Ibrahim was victorious in the Permatang Pauh by-election held on 26 August 2008. Muhammad Muhammad Taib, information chief of the UMNO, stated : “ Yes, of course we have lost … we were the underdog going into this rush. ” [ 48 ] Final results announced by the Election Commission revealed that Anwar Ibrahim won 31,195 of the estimate 47,000 votes cast in the district, while Arif Shah Omar Shah received 15,524 votes and a one-third candidate had 92 votes. [ 49 ] [ 50 ] On 28 August 2008, Anwar, dressed in a iniquity blue traditional Malay equip and total darkness “ songkok ” hat, took the curse at the main chamber of Parliament house in Kuala Lumpur, as MP for Permatang Pauh at 10.03 am ahead Speaker Tan Sri Pandikar Amin Mulia. He formally declared Anwar the drawing card of the 3-party opposition alliance. With his daughter Nurul Izzah Anwar, besides a parliamentarian, Anwar announced : “ I ‘m gladiolus to be back after a ten. The prime minister has lost the mandate of the area and the nation. ” [ 51 ] [ 52 ] At that time Anwar needed 30 government lawmakers to defect to the Opposition to form the following government. [ 53 ] [ 54 ] [ 55 ]

first term as Leader of the Opposition ( 2008–2015 ) [edit ]

Anwar Ibrahim speaks at an election campaign as opposition leader. On 26 August 2008, Anwar won re-election in the Permatang Pauh by-election and returned to Parliament as Leader of the Opposition. He has stated the need for liberalization, including an independent judiciary and rid media, to combat the endemic corruptness that he considers pushes Malaysia close to failed state status. [ 56 ]

request against Najib Razak [edit ]

Anwar continued to attack Najib on his first sidereal day as choice minister, stating he found inconsistencies in the latter ‘s decisiveness to release 13 Internal Security Act ( ISA ) detainees. He said equally long as the ISA existed, Barisan Nasional could still detain citizens at will. [ 57 ] In September 2011 Prime Minister Najib Razak acted to abolish the ISA and three other laws. [ 58 ] Some members of the opposition did not view this in a positive way. [ 59 ]

Attempts to form a majority coalescence [edit ]

Anwar has missed several deadlines he personally set for the transfer of baron. [ 60 ] Anwar said he would need more time, and the recalibration of his message has not gone unnoticed : deputy Prime Minister Najib Razak chose that day to initiate a broadband internet program Anwar opposes, saying that he had not doubted that the government would still be in office on 16 September. [ 61 ] Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi besides pointed out that Anwar had missed his own deadline, and dismissed his title to have secured the desertion of 30 MPs. [ 62 ] By 25 September, Anwar had still not amassed adequate votes, creating doubts for Malaysians about whether he was actually ready to take power, [ 63 ] particularly in ignite of his failure to meet his own 16 September deadline for the transition of power. In the interim, UMNO had its own party meet [ 64 ] [ 65 ] to broker Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi ‘s footstep down from office in June 2009, a year earlier than previously promised [ 66 ] On 24 October 2008, Anwar admitted problems with his stalled command to topple the UMNO ‘s majority, saying that Pakatan Rakyat is running out of options to create a majority. [ 67 ] His “ credibility among ordinary Malaysians has been slightly indent after Sept 16 and the new promise of forming the Government has not generated the screen of anticipation or excitement as ahead. ” [ 68 ] Media within the nation have taken an increasingly hostile watch towards Anwar ‘s protestations and failed threats to assemble a majority government. [ 69 ]

2013 general election [edit ]

Anwar during GE13 In the 2013 general election ( GE13 ), Anwar Ibrahim, as the Leader of the Opposition, led his Pakatan Rakyat coalescence ( comprising the three parties DAP, PAS, and PKR ) to contest in the election. On 25 February 2013, Pakatan Rakyat launched their manifesto titled The People’s Manifesto: Pakatan the hope of the people, pledging to reduce their fiscal charge, among other promises. [ 70 ] [ 71 ] Anwar said that he would step down from politics if his team did not win the election. During an interview with australian media, he stated that “ I will try my best. I am convinced we will win. But if not, I will step down. ” [ 72 ]
Anwar speak at a rally denouncing the May 2013 election results. Pakatan Rakyat did not achieve the government change target in the election despite obtaining 50.9 % of the democratic vote compared to the 47.4 % gained by Barisan Nasional. This was attributed to the heavy malapportionment of the electoral districts. [ 73 ] Pakatan Rakyat besides gained 7 more parliamentary seats compared to the 12th general election. Anwar did not concede defeat, alleging widespread electoral imposter. Al Jazeera reported that Anwar Ibrahim came close to winning the election on 5 May 2013 but refused to admit frustration, and consequently besides did not step down. [ 74 ] In an interview for ABC News, interviewer Jim Middleton suggested that Anwar Ibrahim was going to be the Lee Kuan Yew of the malaysian resistance. [ 75 ] [ 76 ] Anwar answered that he was not at that stage however. On 7 May 2013, Anwar Ibrahim vowed to lead a “ ferocious motion ” to reform the country ‘s electoral system and challenge the results of an election he lost. [ 77 ] On 8 May 2013, approximately 120,000 people wearing black gathered at Petaling Jaya Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Selangor, to attend a tease organised by Anwar to protest against the election results and demand a free and fair election. [ 78 ] The # Black505 drift continued for another 2 months with touring all over the nation. A successful fund-raise # Black505 dinner was held in Thean Hou Temple hall on 22 June 2013, hosted by Wangsa Maju MP Datuk Dr Tan Kee Kwong on behalf of PKR. Anwar Ibrahim immediately launched electoral petitions for over 30 quarrel parliamentary seats in July 2013. however, the cases were thrown off election court for technical reasons. [ 79 ]

Kajang Move [edit ]

On 27 January 2014, the member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Kajang, Lee Chin Cheh, resigned. [ 80 ] This triggered a by-election. A day late, Anwar Ibrahim was announced as Pakatan Rakyat campaigner for the by-election. [ 81 ] Anwar ‘s campaigning was in the first place to propel him to become Selangor ‘s Menteri Besar. [ 82 ] belated, this move was known as the “ Kajang Move “. This move, however, did not materialize as he was sentenced to five years ‘ prison after Malaysia ‘s Court of Appeal overturned his sodomy acquittal, causing Anwar to lose his qualification to be the department of state assembly candidate. [ 83 ] On 9 March 2014, PKR announced party president Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail as its new candidate for the Kajang by-election. [ 84 ] Anwar ‘s Datuk Seri claim was stripped by the Sultan of Selangor for “ repeat interrogate of the integrity ” of the state ‘s ruler during the subsequent crisis that saw the Sultan refuse to appoint Wan Azizah as Menteri Besar. [ 85 ] Anwar was able to continue using the “ Datuk Seri ” title because it had besides been conferred on him by several other malaysian states. [ 86 ]

second sodomy conviction [edit ]

2008 allegations of sodomy [edit ]

On 29 June 2008, on-line news portal Malaysiakini reported that a male aide of Anwar, Saiful Bukhari Azlan, had lodged a police report claiming that he had been sodomised by Anwar. [ 87 ] Anwar said that the hypothesis of a prison conviction as a consequence of the allegations could be seen as an attempt to remove him from the leadership of the opposition following his growing support and by-election victories. He besides reaffirmed his innocence and cited testify in the shape of aesculapian reports. [ 56 ] In July 2008, he was arrested over allegations of sodomy again, but was acquitted of the charge in January 2012 by The eminent Court. [ 88 ] The preside judge ruled that DNA evidence used in the sheath had been compromised and was unreliable. [ 89 ] The prosecution filed an appeal against the acquittal. [ 90 ] In March 2014 the solicitation court overruled the high Court reinstating the conviction. The decision came as Anwar was preparing to contest a by-election on 23 March 2014, which he was expected to win. The conviction prevented him from standing. Human Rights Watch was critical of the decision, saying it was politically motivated. [ 91 ] Two years late, The Court of Appeal overturned the acquittal by unanimously deciding that the High Court failed to “ critically evaluate ” the tell submitted by government chemist Dr Seah Lay Hong. [ 92 ] As function of his overturn acquittal on 4 March 2014, Anwar was sentenced to five years in imprison. Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists have accused the malaysian government of meddling in this particular judicial matter and said the verdict was politically motivated. [ 93 ] On 10 February 2015, the Federal Court of Malaysia upheld the decision of the Court of Appeal and affirmed the five-year prison conviction. He was sent immediately to Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor, to serve the sentence. [ 94 ]

Pakatan Harapan backbencher ( 2018–2020 ) [edit ]

Royal amnesty and release [edit ]

After the Pakatan Rakyat ‘s adjournment during his imprisonment, a new opposition alliance named the Pakatan Harapan was formed with Anwar as the de facto drawing card in absentia. The coalescence had come into power by over-throwing Barisan Nasional in the 2018 general election ( GE14 ). Following the geological formation of the new govern government, Anwar was given a broad royal amnesty and was released from prison on 16 May 2018. He was designated to take over the reins from interim Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad as planned and agreed by the alliance before GE14. [ 95 ] [ 96 ] In an interview, he justified his reluctance to immediately step into power on the basis that Mahathir has appeared committed to the reform agenda, and doing a estimable job tackling a “ disintegrate ” political system. He besides added that he was keen to travel and honour speak engagements. [ 97 ] Anwar besides indicated that he initially had reservations about Mahathir ‘s “ reconciliation efforts ”, but he finally forgave his early enemy after Mahathir showed “ compassion and concern which ( Anwar ) thought was absent in the past ” .

return to politics and PD Move [edit ]

Anwar contested in the Port Dickson by-election, dubbed as PD Move which was set to allow him to return to Parliament. [ 98 ] He won with an increased majority, albeit with a lower turnout, and returned to parliament again after 3 years of absence .

Sheraton Move and return to opposition [edit ]

In late February 2020, the Pakatan Harapan government of Dr Mahathir Mohamad collapsed following defections by Anwar ‘s deputy, Azmin Ali, and respective PKR MP ‘s aligned to him, along with the coitus interruptus of Bersatu from Pakatan Harapan. Mahathir promptly resigned from the premiership, ampere well as from his party, Bersatu. The political steer has been labelled the “ Sheraton Move ” for the hotel in Petaling Jaya at which defecting MP ‘s gathered with the confrontation to show subscribe for a new government. [ 99 ] Following the resignation of Mahathir, Anwar attempted to gather patronize for his appointment as Prime Minister. however, Bersatu president, Muhyiddin Yassin, was finally appointed Prime Minister, with the support of a slender majority in the Dewan Rakyat. [ 100 ] Thus, Pakatan Harapan returned to the opposition benches, while Anwar was named Opposition Leader. [ 101 ]

second term as Leader of the Opposition ( 2020-present ) [edit ]

While Muhyiddin formed a government under the auspices of a raw coalescence known as Perikatan Nasional, Mahathir attempted to regain his post with his Pakatan allies. however, under Anwar ‘s leadership, Keadilan refused to endorse Mahathir ‘s bid for a one-third term as premier, claiming the nonagenarian had reneged on his repeated pledge to handover the position to Anwar. [ 102 ] Mahathir, in turn, refused to lend patronize to Anwar ‘s campaigning, and rather nominated Sabah Chief Minister, Shafie Apdal, for the Prime Minister ‘s station rather. Despite the support of allies DAP and Amanah for this compromise, Keadilan again rejected the proposal and continued to propose Anwar as the alliance candidate. [ 103 ] In September 2020, Anwar claimed to have gathered support from a “ formidable ” majority of MP ‘s for his appointment as Prime Minister. [ 104 ] [ needs update ]

external influence and hindrance through APCO in 1Malaysia claims [edit ]

Anwar has made numerous remarks about a conjectural conspiracy among the malaysian government, APCO ( a populace relations tauten retained by the malaysian politics ), Israel, and the United States. Anwar has condemned the malaysian government for seeking advice from APCO. He claims that the firm is linked to the “ murder of Muslims in Palestine. ” He further claims to have given proof to a disciplinary committee of the Malaysian parliament, investigating his comments, that APCO is a front for the israeli government. On another affair, Anwar, speaking from the parliament, claimed that the firm was controlled by Jews and working on behalf of the american government to influence malaysian foreign policy. He promote implied that changes in malaysian extraneous policy could only be explained if Jews were manipulating Malaysia for the United States. [ 105 ] On 22 April 2010 Anwar was censured by Malaysia ‘s fantan for remarks he made during a press conference in parliament on 30 March 2010. During the press conference, Anwar claimed to have documents linking 1Malaysia with One Israel and the public relations firm APCO but refused to allow entree to the documents when challenged. [ 106 ] The malaysian government and APCO have both strongly denied Anwar ‘s allegations. The excommunication motion passed by the House of Representatives referred Anwar ‘s case to the Rights and Privileges Committee which will recommend a punishment for approval by the full chamber. such punishment could include being banned from parliament. [ 107 ] [ 108 ] [ 109 ] however Anwar retaliated against the malaysian politics attacks by producing two documents to support his claims of links between APCO and 1Malaysia. [ 108 ] [ 109 ]
In a press league at the London School of Economics in March 2010, Anwar made comments about Zionists and “ cruddy Jews ”. In the weight-lift league, he besides stated that “ There are good Jews, there are bad Jews, there are good Muslims and bad Muslims. ” [ 110 ] In May 2010, B’nai B’rith International, a outstanding jewish human rights organization, condemned Anwar in a letter to the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, claiming that Anwar was a “ purveyor of anti-Jewish hatred “ and asked the american government to suspend all contact with Anwar. [ 111 ]
In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Anwar Ibrahim stated, “ I think our policy should be clear—protect the security [ of Israel ] but you must be as firm in protecting the legitimate interests of the Palestinians. ” [ 112 ] This comment sparked an range of criticism from UMNO, one of the ruling party then. UMNO ‘s MP Khairy Jamaluddin stated that Anwar ‘s comments “ show a blanket support for anything Israel does ” and that “ The issue of Palestine is a top alien policy priority for my party, it would be an issue during the election class or otherwise… clock doesn ’ deoxythymidine monophosphate matter. “. [ 113 ] Former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad then said he was not surprised by Anwar ‘s comments, and stated concerning Ibrahim ‘s relationship with the Jewish community, “ You ca n’t be friendly with them and against them ”. [ 114 ] late, Anwar clarified his stand ; he said that the remarks were consistent with the two-state solution adopted by the United Nations that is accepted by the Arab world, arsenic well as Malaysia and Hamas. [ 115 ] “ I am issuing a stern warning to anyone trying to twist my argument barely so that they can say that I have betrayed the aspirations of the palestinian people ”, he said, continuing with stating that his party ‘s stance “ is to defend the rights of whoever it is that has been victimized ”. [ 113 ]

Views on homosexual marriage and homosexuality [edit ]

In an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Anwar stated that while he opposes cheery marriage and upholds the holiness of marriage between men and women, laws on sodomy in Malaysia must be changed as they are “ antediluvian ”. [ 116 ] In an interview with British Broadcasting Corporation, Anwar reaffirmed his belief that marriage should remain between men and women. Clarifying his comments to The Wall Street Journal, Anwar maintained that he does not advocate legalising homosexuality or making cheery marriage permissible—only that the laws should be amended to ensure individual affairs are not penalised saying, “ It is not my business to attack people or arrest people based on their sexual orientation. Morality is in the public sector, not beyond that. ” [ 117 ]

personal life [edit ]

He is marry to former Deputy Prime Minister Wan Azizah Wan Ismail on 26 February 1980, [ 118 ] and they have five daughters and a son. His eldest daughter, Nurul Izzah Anwar, is besides an MP for Permatang Pauh. [ 119 ]

Awards and recognitions [edit ]

Honours of malaysia [edit ]

election results [edit ]

See besides [edit ]

References [edit ]

other references [edit ]

bibliography [edit ]

  • Victor Pogadaev. Anwar Ibrahim – A Phoenix Rising From Ashes [1]