Flag of PortugalNamesBandeira das Quinas (Flag of the quinas (“Quina” being a Portuguese word meaning “a group of five”)), Bandeira Verde-Rubra (Green-Red Flag)UseNational flag and ensignProportion2:3Adopted30 June 1911 ; 110 years ago ( )DesignA 2:3 vertically striped bicolour of green and red, with the lesser coat of arms of Portugal centered over the colour boundary
variant pin for use by the military units
Reading: Flag of Portugal
UseWar flagProportion12:13Adopted30 June 1911DesignAs above, but evenly striped (1:1) and with the greater coat of arms, displaying a white scroll with the motto “Esta é a ditosa pátria minha amada” (“This is my beloved blissful homeland”), taken from Os Lusíadas, III, 21, v. 1
The flag of Portugal ( portuguese : Bandeira de Portugal ) is a rectangular bicolor with a field divided into green on the hoist, and red on the flee. The lesser version of the national coat of arms of Portugal ( armillary sphere and Portuguese harbor ) is centered over the color boundary at adequate distance from the upper berth and lower edges. Its presentation was done on 1 December, 1910, after the precipitation of the constitutional monarchy in 5 October 1910. however it was alone in 30 June 1911, that the official decree approving this flag as the official pin was published. This newfangled national flag of the First Portuguese Republic, was selected by a special commission whose members included Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, João Chagas and Abel Botelho. The conjugation of the fresh field color, specially the use of green, was not traditional in the portuguese national flag ‘s composition and represented a radical republican -inspired change that broke the bail with the early monarchal flag. Since a fail republican rebellion on 31 January 1891, red and green had been established as the color of the portuguese Republican Party and its consociate movements, whose political prominence kept growing until it reached a culmination period following the republican revolution of 5 October 1910. In the ensuing decades, these colours were popularly propagandised as representing the promise of the state ( green ) and the blood of those who died defending it ( bolshevik ), as a means to endow them with a more patriotic and dignified, consequently less political, sentiment. The current pin design represents a dramatic change in the development of the Portuguese standard, which had constantly been closely associated with the royal arms, blue and white. Since the nation ‘s foundation, the national flag developed from the gloomy cross-on-white armorial square standard of King Afonso I to the liberal monarchy ‘s arms over a blue-and-white rectangle. In between, major changes associated with deciding political events contributed to its evolution into the current design .
design [edit ]
The decree that legally created the flag used under the constitutional monarchy with the newfangled design was approved by the Constituent Assembly and published in politics diary no. 141 ( portuguese : diário do Governo ) on 19 June 1911. On 30 June, this decree had its regulations formally published in government diary no. 150. [ 1 ] however this iris was foremost presented on the Day of the Republic in December 1, 1910, and that ‘s the date that it is considered to be adopted, the Republic ‘s Day, which is, until today a national vacation, and besides considered the day of the masthead .
construction [edit ]
construction sheet with the official dimensions of the iris. All measures are relative to the length ( L ). The flag ‘s distance is equal to 1+1⁄2 times its width, which translates into an aspect ratio of 2:3. The setting is vertically divided into two colours : dark green on the hoist slope, and scarlet red on the fly. The color part is made in a way that green spans 2⁄5 of the length and the remaining 3⁄5 are filled by bolshevik ( ratio 2:3 ). [ 1 ] The lesser interpretation of the national coat of arms ( without the laurel wreaths ) —a white-rimmed national shield on exceed of a black-highlighted yellow armillary sphere —is positioned over the surround between both colours. The armillary sphere has a diameter equal to 1⁄2 acme and is equidistant from the amphetamine and lower edges of the pin. [ 1 ] The sector, draw in position, possesses six edge-embossed arcs, four of which are great circles and two are small circles. The great circles represent the ecliptic ( wider external oblique muscle arch ), the equator, and two meridians. These last three are positioned thus that the intersections between each two arcs make a right field slant ; one meridian lies on the ease up ‘s plane while the other is perpendicular to it. The belittled circles consist of two parallels ( the tropics ), each tangent to one of the ecliptic-meridian intersections. [ 2 ] vertically centered over the sphere is the national harbor, a white-rimmed curved bottom red shield charged with a white inescutcheon. Its height and width are adequate to 7⁄10 and 6⁄10 of the sphere ‘s diameter, respectively. The harbor is positioned in a way that its limits intersect the sector : [ 2 ]
- at the inflection points of the distal edges of the Tropic of Cancer’s anterior half (top) and Tropic of Capricorn’s posterior half (bottom);
- at the intersection of the lower edges of the ecliptic’s posterior half and of the equator’s anterior half (dexter or viewer’s left side); and
- at the intersection of the upper edge of the ecliptic’s anterior half with the lower edge of the equator’s posterior half (sinister or viewer’s right side).
A curious expression of the official design is the absence of a segment of the Tropic of Capricorn, between the national shield and the ecliptic bow. [ 2 ] The white inescutcheon is itself charged with five smaller blue shields ( escudetes ) arranged like a greek crabbed ( 1+3+1 ). Each smaller shield holds five blank bezants displayed in the form of a st ( 2+1+2 ). The bolshevik bordure is charged with seven jaundiced castles : three on the foreman fortune ( one in each corner and one in the middle ), two in the middle points of each quadrant of the wind infrastructure ( rotated 45 degrees ), and two more on each side of the bordure, over the flag ‘s horizontal middle note. Each castle is composed by a base build, showing a close ( chicken ) gate, on peak of which stand three battlemented towers. [ 2 ] In heraldic terminology, the carapace ‘s coat of arms is described as Argent, five escutcheons in cross azure each charged with five plates in saltire, on a bordure gules seven towers triple-turreted Or, three in chief. The color tones of the flag are not precisely specified in any legal document. Recommendations are listed below : [ 2 ]
Scheme
Red
Green
Yellow
Blue
White
Black
PMS
485 CVC
349 CVC
803 CVC
288 CVC
—
Black 6 CVC
RGB
255-0-0
0-102-0
255-255-0
0-51-153
255-255-255
0-0-0
#FF0000
#006600
#FFFF00
#003399
#FFFFFF
#000000
CMYK
0-100-100-0
100-35-100-30
0-0-100-0
100-100-25-10
0-0-0-0
0-0-0-100
background [edit ]
The republican rotation of 5 October 1910, brought a need to replace the symbols of the overthrow monarchy, represented in the first example by the erstwhile national sag and hymn. The choice of the new flag was not one without conflict, particularly over the colours, as partisans of the republican red-and-green faced opposition from supporters of the traditional royal blue-and-white. Blue besides carried a hard religious think of as it was the color of Our dame of the Conception ( portuguese : Nossa Senhora da Conceição ), who was crowned Queen and Patroness of Portugal by King John IV, so its removal or refilling from the future pin was justified by Republicans as one of the many measures needed to secularize the submit. [ 3 ] After the presentation and discussion of the many proposals, [ citation needed ] a governmental commission was set up on 15 October 1910. It included Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro ( painter ), João Chagas ( journalist ), Abel Botelho ( writer ) and two military leaders of 1910 : Ladislau Pereira and Afonso Palla. [ 3 ] This mission ultimately chose the red-and-green of the portuguese Republican Party, delivering an explanation based on patriotic reasons, [ 4 ] which disguised the political meaning behind the choice, as these had been the colors present on the banners of the rebellious during the republican rebellion of 31 January 1891, in Porto, and during the monarchy-overthrowing revolution, in Lisbon. [ 5 ]
The committee considered that loss should “ be deliver as one of the main colors, because it is the battle, warm, male color, par excellence. It is the color of conquest and laughter. A sing, cut, joyful discolor … Recalls the estimate of blood and urges to achieve victory ”. An explanation for the inclusion body of the k was harder to come up with, given that it was not a traditional color of the portuguese flag ‘s history. finally, it was justified on the grounds that, during the 1891 rebellion, this was the color present on the revolutionary masthead that “ sparked the redeeming lightning ” of republicanism. last, white ( on the shield ) represented “ a beautiful and fraternal color, into which all other colours merge themselves, colour of chasteness, of harmony and peace ”, adding that “ it is this same color that, charged with exuberance and religion by the crimson crossbreed of Christ, marks the Discoveries epic cycle ”. [ 4 ] The Manueline armillary celestial sphere, which had been portray on the national ease up under the reign of John VI, was revived because it consecrated the “ portuguese epic nautical history … the ultimate challenge, essential to our collective life. ”. The portuguese shield was kept, being positioned over the armillary sphere. Its presence would immortalize the “ human miracle of positive fearlessness, doggedness, delicacy, and audacity, that managed to bind the beginning links of the Portuguese nation ‘s social and political affirmation ”, since it is one of the “ most vigorous symbols of the national identity and integrity ”. [ 4 ] The raw flag was produced in large numbers at the Cordoaria Nacional ( “ National Rope House ” ) and was officially presented countrywide on 1 December 1910, on occasion of the 270 years of the Restoration of Independence. This day had already been declared by the government as the “ Flag Day “ ( presently not celebrated ). In the capital, it was paraded from the city hall to the Restauradores ( “ Restorers ” ) Monument, where it was hoisted. This gay presentation did not mask, however, the convulsion caused by a design chosen single-handed without prior popular consultation, and that represented more of a political government than a whole nation. To encourage a greater adoption of the new flag, the politics issued all teaching establishments with one exemplar, whose symbols were to be explained to the students ; textbooks were changed to intensively display these symbols. besides, 1 December ( “ Flag Day ” ), 31 January and 5 October were declared national holidays. [ 5 ]
symbolism [edit ]
The portuguese sag displays three crucial symbols : the field color, and the armillary celestial sphere and home shield, which make up the coat of arms .
Colours [edit ]
A portuguese pin flying at the top of Parque Eduardo VII in Lisbon Despite the fact that the color of red and green had never constituted a major region of the national flag until 1910, they were introduce in respective diachronic banners during crucial periods. King John I included a green Aviz cross on the bolshevik bordure of his banner. The red thwart of the Order of Christ was used over a white field as a naval pennant during the Discoveries and frequently on transport sails. A green backdrop version was a democratic standard of the disaffected during the 1640 revolution that restored Portugal ‘s independence from Spain. [ citation needed ] There are no record sources to confirm that this was the origin of the republican tinge. Another explanation gives broad credit to the masthead that was hoisted on the balcony of Porto ‘s city manor hall during the 1891 rebellion. It consisted of a red field bearing a k disk and the inscription Centro Democrático Federal «15 de Novembro» ( “ 15 November ” Federal Democratic Centre ), representing one of many masonry -inspired republican clubs. [ citation needed ] Over the following 20 years, the red-and-green was portray on every republican token in Portugal. [ 3 ] The 1891 flag-inherited crimson stands for the discolor of the republican-inspired masonry-backed revolutionaries, whereas green was the coloring material Auguste Comte had destined to be introduce in the flags of positivist nations, an ideal incorporated into the republican political matrix. [ 3 ] Green was besides added in decree to distinguish the flag from the old royal criterion, which had a background of solid crimson. [ 6 ]
Armillary sphere [edit ]
The armillary sphere was an significant astronomic and navigational instrument for the portuguese sailors who ventured into strange seas during the Age of Discoveries. It was introduced by the Knights Templar, whose cognition was essential to the portuguese Discoveries — Henry, the Navigator, the person chiefly responsible for the development of Age of Discovery was actually the Grand Master of the Order of Christ. It frankincense became the symbol of the most important period of the nation—the portuguese discoveries. In ignite of this, King Manuel I, who ruled during this period, incorporated the armillary sphere into his personal banner. [ citation needed ] It was simultaneously used as the ensign of ships plying the road between the city and Brazil, [ citation needed ] frankincense becoming a colonial symbol and a key element of the flags of the future brazilian kingdom and conglomerate. [ citation needed ] Adding to the sphere ‘s meaning was its common use on every Manueline -influenced architectural work, where it is one of the major stylistic elements, as seen on the Jerónimos Monastery and Belém Tower. [ 7 ]
portuguese carapace [edit ]
current design of the Portuguese shield The Portuguese shield rests over the armillary sphere. Except during the reign of Afonso I, it is present in every single historical flag, in one mannequin or another. It is the prime portuguese symbol deoxyadenosine monophosphate well as one of the oldest, with the first elements of today ‘s harbor appearing during the reign of Sancho I. The development of the portuguese flag is inherently associated with the evolution of the shield. [ citation needed ] Within the white inescutcheon, the five small blue sky shields with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ ( portuguese : Cinco Chagas ) when crucified and are popularly associated with the “ Miracle of Ourique ”. [ 8 ] The narrative associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique on 25 July 1139, an old anchorite appeared before Count Afonso Henriques ( future Afonso I ) as a providential messenger. He foretold Afonso ‘s victory and assured him that God was watching over him and his peers. The messenger advised him to walk away from his clique, entirely, if he heard a nearby chapel service chime tolling, in the succeed night. In doing sol, he witnessed an apparition of Jesus on the traverse. Ecstatic, Afonso heard Jesus promising victories for the coming battles, a well as God ‘s wish to act through Afonso, and his descendants, in regulate to create an empire which would carry his name to unknown lands, therefore choosing the Portuguese to perform bang-up tasks. [ 9 ]
O Milagre de Ourique (The Miracle of Ourique), by ( The Miracle of Ourique ), by Domingos Sequeira ( 1763 ) Boosted by this spiritual experience, Afonso won the battle against an outnumber enemy. Legend has it that Afonso killed the five moorish kings of the Seville, Badajoz, Elvas, Évora and Beja taifas, before decimating the enemy troops. Hence, in gratitude to Jesus, he incorporated five shields arranged in a cross—representing his divine-led victory over the five enemy kings—with each one carrying Christ ‘s five wounds in the form of ash grey bezants. The sum of all bezants ( doubling the ones in the central carapace ) would give thirty, symbolizing Judas Iscariot ‘s thirty pieces of silver. [ 9 ] however, evidence pointing out that the issue of bezants on each carapace was greater than five during long periods following Afonso I ‘s predominate, [ 8 ] angstrom well as the fact that only in the fifteenth century was this legend registered on a history by Fernão Lopes ( 1419 ), [ 10 ] defend this explanation as one of saturated myth and highly charged with patriotic feeling in the sense that Portugal was created by divine interposition and was destined for great things. The seven castles are traditionally considered a symbol of the portuguese victories over their moorish enemies, under Afonso III, who purportedly captured seven foe fortresses in the course of his conquest of the Algarve, concluded in 1249. however, this explanation is decrepit founded since this king did not have seven castles on his standard, but an unspecified number. Some reconstructions display about sixteen castles ; this numeral changed to twelve in 1385, to seven in 1485 and to eleven in 1495 ; it then changed binding to seven, in 1578, this clock time definitively. An hypothesis about the origin of the castles on a crimson bordure lies in the syndicate ties of Afonso III with Castile ( both his mother and second wife were castilian ), whose arms consisted of a golden castle on a bolshevik playing field. [ citation needed ] A version of the Portuguese shield is found in the flag of Ceuta, a spanish city on the union African coast, and is used as the city ‘s coat of arms, in a nod to its former history as a portuguese possession .
evolution [edit ]
Since the foundation of the kingdom, the ease up of Portugal was always linked to the Portuguese coat of arms. In fact, until the nineteenth hundred, the sag served as a mere defend to display the Royal coat of arms, without having any divide mean. Until the sixteenth century, the iris consisted in a streamer of arms, with its field being wholly occupied by the field of the coat of arms, then it came to include the accomplished coat of arms, including the crown and other external elements laid over a monochrome white field. The flag merely acquired a mean by its own in 1830, when its field was changed from the neutral white to the classifiable bluing and white, which were the national color at that time. Although representing the country since its early beginnings, the masthead of Portugal had a specify manipulation until the nineteenth hundred, basically being used as a fortress flag and as naval ensign, with some other flags besides existing to represent the nation in early context, namely at the ocean. In the nineteenth hundred, the flag of Portugal started to have a universal joint use, becoming a real national flag. [ 11 ] It evolved in a direction that gradually incorporated most of the symbols stage on the stream coat of arms .
The first heraldic symbol that can be associated with what would become the portuguese nation was on the shield used by Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal since 1095, during his battles with the Moors. This harbor consisted of a blue cross over a white field. [ 12 ] Nevertheless, this design has no authentic sources since it is a reconstruction that became popular and wide accepted thanks to the nationalist purposes of the Estado Novo government. [ 5 ] Henry ‘s son Afonso Henriques succeeded him in the county and took on the lapp shield. In 1139, despite being outnumbered, he defeated an united states army of Almoravid Moors at the Battle of Ourique and proclaimed himself Afonso I, King of Portugal, in front of his troops. Following the official realization by the neighbor León, Afonso changed his harbor in order to reflect his new political condition. Sources state of matter he charged the thwart with five sets of an unspecified number of silver bezants ( most probably large-headed silver nails ), one fixed on the center and one on each arm, symbolizing Afonso ‘s newly gained right to issue currency. [ 12 ] [ verification needed ] During the time of Afonso I, it was typical not to repair battle damage inflicted on the shield, so changes such as the breaking off of pieces, colour shifting or stains were very coarse. When Sancho I succeeded his father Afonso I, in 1185, he inherited a very wear off shield : the blue-stained leather that made the crossbreed had been lost except where the bezants ( nails ) held it in stead. This involuntary degradation was the footing for the following tone on the development of the national coat of arms, where a complain gloomy traverse transformed into a compound intersect of five blue bezant-charged escutcheons—the quina ( portuguese password entail “ group of five ” ) were therefore born. [ 12 ] [ verification needed ] Sancho ‘s personal carapace ( called “Portugal ancien” [ citation needed ] ) consisted of a white field with a compound crossbreed of five shields ( each one charged with eleven argent bezants ) with the bottomland edges of the lateral pass ones facing towards the center. Both Sancho ‘s son Afonso II and grandson Sancho II used these arms, [ 12 ] as it was usual with target succession lines ( cadence system ). A new change of the royal arms was made when Sancho II ‘s younger buddy became king, in 1248 .
Afonso III of Portugal was not the eldest son, therefore heraldic practices stated he should not take his founder ‘s arms without adding a personal version. Before becoming king, Afonso was married to Matilda II of Boulogne but her inability to provide him with a royal heir led Afonso to divorce her, in 1253. He then married Beatrice of Castile, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso X of Castile. It is more likely that it was this kin connection with Castile ( his beget was besides castilian ) that justified the new heraldic accession to the imperial arms—a bolshevik bordure charged with an open phone number of yellow castles—rather than the authoritative conquest of the Algarve and its moorish fortresses, considering that the phone number of castles was entirely fixed in the late sixteenth century. The inside part contained the arms of Sancho I, although the issue of bezants varied between seven, eleven and sixteen ( the latter number was used on Afonso ‘s personal criterion while he was still Count of Boulogne ). [ 12 ] This lapp design was used by the portuguese kings until the end of the first dynasty, in 1383 ; a succession crisis put the area at war with Castile and left it without a rule for two years.
In 1385, in the wake island of the Battle of Aljubarrota, a second dynasty was founded when John, Master of the Order of Aviz and illegitimate son of King Peter I, acceded to the throne as John I. To his personal banner, John I added his club ‘s fleur-de-lis crabbed, displayed as green flowery points on the red bordure ; this inclusion reduced the act of castles to twelve ( three around each corner ). The phone number of bezants in each finger plate was reduced from eleven to seven. [ 12 ] This banner lasted a hundred years until John I ‘s great-grandson John II restyled it, in 1485, introducing important changes : the removal of the Aviz traverse, a down arrangement and edge-smoothing of the shields, and the definitive repair of five saltire-arranged bezants in each shield ( summing up six quinas, i.e., six “ groups of five ” : one quina of shields and five quinas of bezants ) and seven castles on the bordure ( as it is presently ). [ citation needed ] John II ‘s standard was the last armorial square streamer used as the “ national ” flag or standard. [ 12 ] Following his death, in 1495, revolutionary changes were made by his successor. [ citation needed ]
John II was succeeded by his first cousin Manuel I, in 1495. This king was the first to convert the traditional square armorial banner into a rectangular ( 2:3 ) plain with the coat of arms on its center. specifically, the flag was now a white rectangle centrally charged with the coat of arms ( bearing football team castles ) on an ogival or heater -shaped carapace and surmounted by an capable royal pate. [ 12 ] Manuel I possessed a personal criterion which included the armillary sphere for the first time. [ 13 ] In 1521, John III made minor changes to the flag by adopting a coat of arms ( bearing alone seven castles ) with a round shaped carapace. [ citation needed ] In 1578, during the reign of Sebastian and on the eve of the fateful Battle of Alcácer Quibir, the pin was again modified. The number of castles was permanently fixed at seven and the royal crown was converted into a close three-arched crown, which symbolized a stronger royal assurance. [ 12 ] With Sebastian ‘s death and the ephemeral reign of his great-uncle Cardinal Henry, in 1580, a dynastic crisis was solved with the spanish king Philip II acceding to the Portuguese enthrone as Philip I, installing a spanish dynasty. The accession was made on the condition that Portugal was ruled as a separate, autonomous state, not as a state. This was fulfilled as Portugal and Spain formed a personal coupling under Philip I and his successors. A consequence of this administrative situation was the maintenance of the flag created under Sebastian ‘s reign as the Portuguese home masthead, while Spain had its own. [ 12 ] As the predominate family in Portugal, the Habsburg standard besides included the portuguese arms. [ citation needed ] The state regained its independence from Spain, in 1640, in a coup d’état that placed on the throne John, Duke of Bragança, as King John IV. Under his rule, the national flag was slightly changed as the ogival shield became rounded. It was from this reign fore that the royal arms and the kingdom ‘s arms became separate banners. [ 12 ]
When Afonso VI ‘s younger brother Peter II replaced him on the toilet, in 1667, he adapted the flag ‘s crown to fit the contemporary trends by transforming it into a five-arched crown. [ citation needed ] The modern flag did not remain unaltered for excessively hanker, as it was refurbished by Peter ‘s son John V, after he took the throne, in 1707. heavily influenced by the deluxe and ostentatious court of the french king Louis XIV, and by France ‘s political and cultural affect in Europe, John V wanted to transpose such style into the country ‘s coat of arms. A loss beret was then added under the crown. Besides the change of the crown, the shields started to be represented, on the flags, not alone in the traditional round bottom condition ( “ iberian character ” ), but besides in other formats like the samnitic ( “ french type ” ), the moonfish ( “ italian type ” ) or the egg-shaped ( “ cartouche “ ) shapes. Instated by an absolute sovereign like John V, this flag endured through about the entire absolutist period in Portugal—John V ( 1707–1750 ), Joseph I ( 1750–1777 ) and Maria I ( 1777–1816 ). [ 12 ] During the irregular one-half of the seventeenth century, the maritime use of the white flag with the Royal coat of arms of Portugal was increasingly restricted to the war ships. An ordinance of 1692 expressly banned the use of this flag by the portuguese merchant ships, restricting its use to ships with 20 or more cannons and with a complement of 40 or more men. The portuguese merchant ships flew alternatively green and white striped flags, which were the national color of Portugal at that time. The color green and white were besides used in other portuguese flags, like the naval commission pennants. With the invasion of Portugal by Napoleon ‘s imperial united states army in 1807, the Portuguese Royal Court fled to Brazil, establishing the capital of the Portuguese Monarchy and Empire in Rio de Janeiro. In 1815, the portuguese state of matter of Brazil was elevated to a kingdom, frankincense receiving the lapp condition as the Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves. The hale of the portuguese Monarchy became then the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. To reflect the change of the status of the Portuguese Monarchy, the Prince Regent John ( future King João VI, at that fourth dimension still reigning in appoint of his mother, Queen Mary I ) established a new Royal coat of arms, where the Portuguese shield ( representing Portugal and the Algarves ) charged a blue-filled jaundiced armillary sector ( representing Brazil ) surmounted by the same beret-bearing five-arched crown. The new coat of arms replaced the previous one in the Portuguese flags. [ 12 ] Despite the end of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, when Brazil became mugwump in 1822, its coat of arms continued to be used, inclusive in flags, until the death of João VI in 1826. From then on, the previous coat of arms, without the armillary sector, became in use again .
João VI died in Lisbon in 1826. His elder son Peter, who had declared the independence of Brazil in 1822, becoming Emperor Pedro I, succeeded to the Portuguese toilet as Pedro IV. Because the new brazilian united states constitution did not allow further personal unions of Portugal and Brazil, Pedro abdicated the portuguese crown in favor of his elder daughter Maria district attorney Glória, who became Maria II of Portugal. She was only seven years old, so Pedro stated she would marry his brother Miguel who would act as regent. however, in 1828, Miguel deposed Maria and proclaimed himself king, abolishing the 1822 liberal constitution and rule as an absolute sovereign. This started the period of the Liberal Wars. [ 14 ] The liberals formed a separate government exiled on the Azorean island of Terceira. This government issued two decrees establishing modifications to the national ease up. While supporters of usurper King Miguel I still upheld the flag established by João VI, the free supporters imposed authoritative changes on it. The background was equally divided along its distance into amobarbital sodium ( hoist ) and white ( fly ) ; the armillary sphere ( associated with Brazil ) was removed and the coating of arms was centred over the color limit ; and the harbor reverted to the “ french character ” human body of João V. This new flag configuration was decreed entirely for tellurian use, but a variation of it was used as the national ensign. This ensign differed in the way the colours occupied the background ( blue 1⁄3, flannel 2⁄3 ) with a attendant positional shift of the arms. [ 12 ] With the frustration and exile of Miguel in 1834, Queen Maria II returned to the toilet and the standard of the victorious side was hoisted in Lisbon as the new national masthead. It would survive for 80 years, witnessing the last time period of the Portuguese monarchy until its abolition, in 1910. presently this flag is used by portuguese monarchists .
Flag protocol [edit ]
function [edit ]
The portuguese legislation concerning the habit of the National Flag is largely limited to the Decree-law 150/87, issued on 30 March 1987, which replaced the previous barely legislation dated back to the beginning of the twentieth century. [ 15 ] The Decree-law 150/87 states that the iris is to be hoisted from 9:00 ante meridiem to sunset ( during the night, it must be by rights lit ), on Sundays and national holidays, throughout the entire home territory. It can besides be displayed on days where official ceremonies or other grave populace sessions are held ; in this case, the iris is hoisted on-site. The flag can be hoisted on other days if it is considered allow by the central government, or by early regional or local govern bodies, or by heads of private institutions. It must follow the official design standard and be preserved in good condition. [ 15 ] On the headquarters buildings of the bodies of sovereignty, the ease up can stay hoisted on a day by day footing. It can besides be hoisted on civilian and military national monuments ; on populace buildings associated with the cardinal, regional or local anesthetic administration ; and on headquarters of public corporations and institutions. Citizens and private institutions can besides display it, on the condition that they respect the relevant legal procedures. At the facilities of nationally based external organizations or in the case of external meetings, the flag is hoisted according to the protocol used on those situations. [ 15 ] If national bereaved is declared, the flag will be flown at half-mast during the fix numeral of days ; any flag hoisted along with it will be flown in the lapp manner. [ 15 ] When unfurled in the bearing of early flags, the national flag must not have smaller dimensions and must be situated in a outstanding, ethical space, according to the relevant protocol. [ 15 ] If there are more than one flagpole, the National Flag should be flown :
- Two flagpoles – on the right pole viewed by a person facing the exterior;
- Three flagpoles – on the central pole;
- More than three flagpoles:
- Within a building – if an odd number of poles, on the central pole; if an even number, on the first pole on the right of the centre;
- Outside a building – always on the rightmost pole;
If the flagpoles do not have the same acme, the flag must be flown on the highest pole. The poles should be placed in ethical locations of the ground, building façades and roof. On public acts where the flag is not hoisted, it can be suspended from a clear-cut blot, but never used as decoration, covering or for any function that can diminish its dignity. [ 15 ]
Penalties [edit ]
An early rule, from 28 December 1910, established that “ any person who, through language, published writings or any other public act, shows miss of deference to the national masthead, which is the fatherland ‘s symbol, will be sentenced to a three to twelve-month prison term with corresponding fine and, in font of get worse, will be sentenced to exile, as stated in the 62nd article of the Penal Code “. In its 332nd article, the current penal code punishes infractions with a prison sentence of up to two years. If the sentence is shorter than 240 days, there is a rule for converting it into a fine. [ citation needed ] If the umbrage is directed towards regional symbols, the penalties are halved. [ 16 ]
Folding [edit ]
During formal occasions, four people are required to properly fold the flag, where each person holds one of the sides. A correctly folded pin must be a feather limiting the national shield. however, the order by which the unlike fold steps are performed to achieve this result is not legislated. [ citation needed ] The routine begins with the pin in full extended and held in a horizontal plane with the obverse facing down. One of the possible protein folding sequences is demonstrated below : [ citation needed ]
Stage
Description
Example
First
The upper third of the flag’s height is folded into the reverse side until the crease is positioned over the shield’s upper edge line.
Second
The lower third of the flag’s height is folded into the reverse side until the crease is positioned over the shield’s lowest point.
Third
The folding proceeds along the width axis, with the fly’s (red) union with the hoist (green) and the fold’s placement over the shield’s right edge.
Fourth
Finally, the hoist is folded in a way that the resulting crease lies on top of the shield’s left edge.
military flags [edit ]
The National Flag of Portugal besides serves as war flag and ensign, so being flown on military facilities and naval ships. There are however particular national military flags for specific uses, namely the military color, the naval jack and the naval pennant. The military colours are occasionally referred as war flag, however they are not to be flown on military facilities but are entirely to be carried by the military units on parades .
- National colours
- naval mariner
- naval commission pennant
National colours [edit ]
The home colours constitute the portable variants of the National Flag for use on parades by the military units. In the past, the colours had a practical function, being used as a sign to guide the military units in struggle. primitively, the colours were referred as “ regimental flags ” ( bandeiras regimentais ) or “ military units flags ” ( bandeiras das unidades militares ), but now they are referred as “ national standards ” ( estandartes nacionais ). The colours are always carried in parade by a junior military officer, escorted by a color guard. The standard model of the colours – besides adopted in 1911 – is a orthogonal masthead measuring 1.20 megabyte ( 3 foot 11 in ) in width and 1.30 thousand ( 4 foot 3 in ) in length ( ratio 12:13 ). green and bolshevik are positioned at the hoist and fly, respectively, but occupy the field in an equal manner ( 1:1 ). Centred over the color boundary lie the armillary sector and Portuguese shield, surrounded by two yellow laurel branches intersecting at their stems. These are bound by a white band bearing the verse by Luís de Camões “Esta é a ditosa pátria minha amada” ( english : “ This is my beloved fortunate fatherland ” ) as the motto. This differs from the interpretation of coat of arms employed as emblem, where the laurel shoots are tied by a green and crimson band without the verse. The sector ‘s out diameter is one-third of the width and lies 35 centimeter ( 14 in ) from the upper edge and 45 centimeter ( 18 in ) from the lower edge. [ 1 ] Although the 1911 rule is, theoretically, silent in force, the diverse branches of the Armed Forces made specific changes to it and sol, respective types of colours are used by the different military units. For model, the colours adopted by the portuguese Army, in 1979, measures equitable 0.80 m × 0.80 thousand ( 2 foot 7 in × 2 foot 7 in ) .
naval jack [edit ]
The portuguese naval jack ( jaco or jaque ) is only hoisted at the bow of dock or anchor Navy ships, from sunrise to sunset. The home ease up is permanently hoisted at the buttocks, when sail, and from sunrise to sunset, when docked. [ 17 ] It is a squarely flag ( ratio 1:1 ) bearing a green-bordered red playing field with the minor coat of arms on the kernel. The width of the fleeceable edge and the diameter of the armillary sphere are peer to 1⁄8 and 3⁄7 of the side ‘s dimension, respectively. [ 1 ]
Commissioning pennant [edit ]
The Portuguese commission pennant ( flâmula ) is a long triangular sag, green on the hoist and crimson on the tent-fly. It is to be flown on the main mast of the naval ships commanded by officers. [ 1 ]
government flags [edit ]
highly ranked state and governmental offices are besides represented by their own flag. The President of the Republic ( Presidente da República ) uses a iris largely similar to the home flag, except for having colored park as the alone background color. [ 18 ] It is normally hoisted at the President ‘s official mansion, the Palace of Belém, a well as on the presidential car, as small-sized flags. The flag of the Prime-Minister is a white rectangle ( ratio 2:3 ) with a colored green st, holding the lesser coat of arms on its center, and a red bordure charged with a radiation pattern of yellow laurel leaves. early ministerial flags do not possess the crimson bordure. [ citation needed ] The flag of the Assembly of the Republic ( portuguese : Assembleia da República ), the national parliament, is besides a white rectangle ( ratio 2:3 ) with the lesser coat of arms in the concentrate and a iniquity green border. [ 19 ]
See besides [edit ]
Notes [edit ]
- ^De prata, cinco escudetes, de blau, postos em cruz, cada um carregado com cinco besantes, de prata, postos em aspa; bordadura, de gules, carregada com sete castelos, de ouro, dos quais três em chefe”.[2]
References [edit ]
foster read [edit ]
- Coelho, Trindade (1908). Manual político do cidadão portuguêz (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Porto: Emprésa Litteraria e Typographica. OCLC 6129820.
- Pinheiro, Columbano Bordalo (1910). Bandeira Nacional: Modelo approvado pelo Governo Provisorio da Republica Portuguesa (in Portuguese) (1st ed.). Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. OCLC 24780919.
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